Động từ Tobe | Khái niệm, các biến thể, cách dùng và bài tập vận dụng
Động từ To Be là một trợ động từ (auxiliary verb) có tác dụng liên kết chủ ngữ của câu với một vị ngữ dùng để giới thiệu, mô tả hoặc đánh giá một sự vật, sự việc và con người,… Động từ To Be có nghĩa là “thì, là, ở” và có các dạng biến thể khác nhau tùy vào đại từ và thì ở trong câu. Ví dụ:
Các biến thể của động từ To Be sẽ khác nhau và bạn phải chia dựa theo ngôi và thì của câu. Bạn có thể tham khảo bảng dưới đây:
|
Các thì |
Chủ ngữ |
To Be |
Ví dụ |
|
Dạng nguyên thể |
|
be |
This book is big (Cuốn sách này to) |
|
Thì hiện tại đơn |
I |
am |
I am smart (Tôi thông minh) |
|
He/She/It |
is |
She is beautiful (Cô ấy rất xinh đẹp) |
|
|
You/We/They |
are |
We are unite (Chúng tôi đoàn kết) |
|
|
Thì quá khứ đơn |
I/He/She/It |
was |
I was in cinema yesterday (Tôi đã ở rạp chiếu phim hôm qua) |
|
You/We/They |
were |
You were here (Bạn ở đây) |
|
|
Thì tương lai đơn |
I/You/He/She/It/We/They |
will be |
I will be strong (Tôi sẽ trở nên khỏe mạnh) |
|
Dạng tiếp diễn |
|
being |
He is being unusual (Anh ấy đang không bình thường) |
|
Dạng hoàn thành |
|
been |
It has been fun (Nó đã vui vẻ) |
Đối với dạng nguyên thể, thông thường là phụ thuộc vào cấu trúc ngữ pháp của câu khi động từ To Be phải chia ở dạng nguyên thể. Sau động từ khuyết thiếu (can, could, may, might,…) động từ bắt buộc phải chia ở dạng nguyên thể. Ví dụ: It might be easy (Nó có thể sẽ dễ).
Công thức với động từ To Be ở thì hiện tại đơn như sau:
|
Dạng câu |
Công thức |
Ví dụ |
|
Khẳng định (+) |
S + am/is/are + O |
He is a student (Anh ấy là học sinh) |
|
Phủ định (-) |
S + am/is/are + not + O |
He is not a student (Anh ấy không phải là học sinh) |
|
Nghi vấn (?) |
|
Is he a student? (Anh ấy có phải là học sinh không?) |
Chia động từ To Be:
Chủ ngữ “I” động từ To Be sẽ được chia là “am”. Ví dụ: I am very happy (Tôi rất vui)
Chủ ngữ “He”, “She”, “It” hoặc bất cứ chủ ngữ số ít nào thì động từ To Be chia là “is”. Ví dụ: He is very happy (Anh ấy rất vui)
Chủ ngữ “You”, “We”, “They” và bất cứ chủ ngữ chia số nhiều nào thì động từ To Be chia là “are”. Ví dụ: We are very happy ( Chúng tôi rất vui)
|
Dạng câu |
Công thức |
Ví dụ |
|
Khẳng định (+) |
S + was/were +… |
She was here yesterday (Cô ấy đã ở đây hôm qua) |
|
Phủ định (-) |
S + was/were + not +… |
She was not here yesterday (Cô ấy đã không ở đây hôm qua) |
|
Nghi vấn (?) |
|
Was she here yesterday? (Có phải cô ấy đã ở đây hôm qua) |
Chia động từ To Be:
Chủ ngữ “I”, “He”, “She”, “It” hoặc bất cứ chủ ngữ số ít nào, động từ To Be được chia là “Was”. Ví dụ: He was very hungry(Anh ấy đã rất đói).
Chủ ngữ “You”, “We”, “They” hoặc bất cứ chủ ngữ số nhiều nào, động từ To Be được chia là “Were”. Ví dụ: We were here together (Chúng tôi đã ở đây cùng nhau).
Cấu trúc:
|
Dạng câu |
Công thức |
Ví dụ |
|
Khẳng định (+) |
S + will be + O |
He will be at home tomorrow (Anh ấy sẽ ở nhà vào ngày mai) |
|
Phủ định (-) |
S + will + not + be + O |
He will not be at home tomorrow (Anh ấy sẽ không ở nhà vào ngày mai) |
|
Nghi vấn (?) |
|
Will he be at home tomorrow? (Anh ấy có ở nhà vào ngày mai không?) |
Chia động từ to be: Với thì tương lai đơn, động từ To Be ở dạng nguyên thể và được kết hợp với “Will” như cấu trúc ở bảng trên.
Cấu trúc:
|
Dạng câu |
Công thức |
Ví dụ |
|
Khẳng định (+) |
S + is/are/am + being + O |
They are being at school now (Họ đang ở trường bây giờ) |
|
Phủ định (-) |
S + is/are/am + not + being + O |
They are not being at school now (Họ đang không ở trường bây giờ) |
|
Nghi vấn (?) |
|
Are they being at school now? (Họ có đang ở trường bây giờ không?) |
Chia động từ To Be:
Ở thì này động từ To Be được chia ở dạng Being đi kèm với is/are/am. Sử dụng is, are hay am tùy thuộc vào chủ ngữ như cách chia ở thì hiện tại đơn.
|
Dạng câu |
Công thức |
Ví dụ |
|
Khẳng định (+) |
S + has/have been + O |
Nam has been at bus stop for 30 minutes (Nam đã ở bến xe bus được 30 phút) |
|
Phủ định (-) |
S + has/have + not + been + O |
Nam has not been at bus stop for 30 minutes (Nam đã không ở bến xe bus được 30 phút) |
|
Nghi vấn (?) |
|
Has Nam been at bus stop for 30 minutes (Có phải Nam đã ở bến xe bus được 30 phút không?) |
Chia động từ To Be:
Cấu trúc:
|
Dạng câu |
Công thức |
Ví dụ |
|
Khẳng định (+) |
S + To Be + V(PII) + O |
The house is cleaned by my mother (Ngôi nhà được dọn dẹp bởi mẹ tôi) |
|
Phủ định (-) |
S + To Be + not + V(PII) + O |
The house is not cleaned by my mother (Ngôi nhà không được dọn dẹp bới mẹ tôi) |
|
Nghi vấn (?) |
|
Is the house cleaned by my mother? (Có phải ngôi nhà được dọn dẹp bởi mẹ tôi không? |
|
Vị trí của động từ To Be |
Cấu trúc |
Ví dụ |
|
Đứng trước danh từ |
S + To Be + N |
|
|
Đứng trước tính từ |
S + To Be + Adj |
|
|
Đứng trước cụm giới từ |
S + To Be + Preposition |
|
|
Đứng trước động từ |
S + To Be + Ving (trong thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) S + To Be + Ved (trong câu bị động) |
|
Dùng để chỉ tính chất, tình cảm của một đối tượng nào đó. Ví dụ:
This chair is of elegant format. (Cái ghế này trông rất trang nhã)
Nam is of medium height. (Nam có chiều cao tầm trung)
Để thể hiện lời chỉ dẫn, câu mệnh lệnh, dự định được sắp đặt. Ví dụ: He is to finish her homework by 10pm (Anh ấy phải làm xong bài tập về nhà trước 10 giờ tối).
Dùng để diễn tả một ý định hay dự định nào đó. Ví dụ: I am about to travel around the world (Họ đang dự định đi vòng quanh thế giới).
|
Cấu trúc To Be |
Định nghĩa |
Ví dụ |
|
To Be + of + noun (=have) |
Dùng để chỉ tính chất, tình cảm của một đối tượng nào đó |
|
|
To Be + to + V |
Để thể hiện lời chỉ dẫn, câu mệnh lệnh, dự định được sắp đặt |
|
|
To be about + to do something |
Dùng để diễn tả một ý định hay dự định nào đó |
|
Ex 1: Cho động từ To Be theo dạng thích hợp
1. It……cold today.
2. She……. an engineer.
3. They……so kindful yesterday.
4. He……12 years old 2 years ago.
5. Everything will….better soon. Don’t worry!
6. I………. very tired now
7. We………….studied English for 6 years.
8. That patient……..treated by a good doctor.
9. Those dogs.……..taken care of by him since 2016.
Đáp án:
1. is
2. is
3. were
4. was
5. be
6. Am being
7.has been
8. is
9.has been
Ex 2: Hoàn thành đoạn sau với động từ to be
Peter Baker ____ from Manchester, but Paul and John ____ from London. Manchester and London ____ cities in England. Hamburg ____ a city in Germany. Sandra ____ at school today. Jack and Peter ____ her friends. They ____ in the same class. Mr and Mrs Baker ____ on a trip to the USA to visit their cousin Anne. She ____ a nice girl. Peter says: “My grandfather ____ in hospital. I ____ at home with my grandmother.” What time ____ it? It ____ 8 o’clock. ____ you tired? No, I ____ not.
Đáp án:
Peter Baker is from Manchester, but Paul and John are from London. Manchester and London are cities in England. Hamburg is a city in Germany. Sandra is at school today. Jack and Peter are her friends. They are in the same class. Mr and Mrs Baker are on a trip to the USA to visit their cousin Anne. She is a nice girl. Peter says: “My grandfather is in hospital. I am at home with my grandmother.” What time is it? It is 8 o’clock. Are you tired? No, I am not.
Ex 3: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất
1. A- Hello, what ______ your name?
A) is
B) are
C) am
D) be
2. ______ name is John. And my ______ is Johnson.
A) Your / surname
B) My / surname
C) I / surname
D) I / name
3. My name is Lisa. ______ Lisa Peterson.
A) My am
B) I is
C) I am
D) I
4. ______ name is Apple. ______ Ann Apple.
A) His / She
B) His / He’s
C) Her / She’s
D) His / His
5. “Where ______ John from?” “______ from the US.”
A) is / He’s
B) is / His
C) am / He’s
D) is / She’s
6. ______ are you from? Japan.
A) What
B) Who
C) Where
D) When
7. Where ______ you ______ ?
A) is / from
B) are / in
C) are / is
D) are / from
8. ______ from Spain. I’m Rodriguez .
A) I’m
B) He’s
C) You’re
D) She’s
9. Pierre is a French boy. ______ from ______ .
A) He’s / France
B) His’s / French
C) His / France
D) He / France
10. Lisa and Max are Americans. ______ from U.S.A.
A) There
B) Their
C) They’re
D) Their’re
11. “What ____ their _____?”
“Alexander and Philip.”
A) are/name
B) is / name
C) is / names
D) are / names
12. I ______ 22 years old, but Andrew ______ 20.
A) am / am
B) are / am
C) am / is
D) are / are
13. Mark______ 19, but Brian and Denis ______ 26 and 28.
A) is / are
B) are / is
C) are / are
D) am / are
14. “What ______ this?”
“It’s ______ umbrella.”
A) are / a
B) is / a
C) is / an
D) its / an
15. Toyotas ______ Japanese ______ .
A) is a / car
B) is / car
C) are / cars
D) is / cars
16. “Where ______ she from?”
“She ______ from Japan.”
A) are / is
B) is / is
C) is / am
D) are / are
17. They ______ Lisa and Max. They ______ from the USA.
A) is / is
B) are / is
C) are / are
D) is / is
Đáp án:
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
A |
B |
C |
C |
A |
C |
D |
A |
A |
C |
D |
C |
A |
C |
C |
B |
C |
Ex 4: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất
1. “_____ her name Eliza?”
“No, _____ .”
A) What / it isn’t
B) Is / she isn’t
C) Is / it is not
D) Is / it isn’t
2. Is your surname Anderson?
A) Yes, you are.
B) Yes, it is.
C) Yes, I am.
D) Yes, my is.
3. “Is she American?”
“No, _____ .”
A) hers isn’t
B) she isn’t
C) she is not
D) she her isn’t
4. “____ their names Jack & Benny?”
“Yes, _____ .”
A) Are / they are
B) Aren’t / there are
C) Am / their
D) Is / they’re
5. “Is your dog 2 years old?”
“Yes, _____ .”
A) it’s
B) dog is
C) it is
D) its
6. “Is your elder brother married?”
“No, _____ .”
A) brother isn’t
B) he isn’t
C) he is not
D) she isn’t
7. “Are you from Senegal?”
“No, _____ .”
A) I’m not
B) I amn’t
C) I are not
D) I not
8. “_____ Martha English?”
“Yes, she _____ .”
A) Is / isn’t
B) Are / is
C) Is / is
D) Are / is
9. “_____ her surname Smith?”
“No, it _____ .”
A) What / isn’t
B) Is / is
C) Is / isn’t
D) Are / isn’t
10. “Are you a student?”
“Yes, I _____ .”
A) am
B) have
C) is
D) ‘m not
11. “_____ you from Barcelona?”
“No, I’m not.”
A) Is
B) Are
C) Do
D) Where
12. “_____ you married?”
“No, I _____ .”
A) Aren’t / am
B) Are / am
C) Is / am not
D) Are / ’m not
13. My teacher’s name _____ John.
A) are
B) is
C) am
D) not
14. Marcus and Carlos _____ my brothers.
A) is
B) am
C) are
D) be
15. My mother and father _____ at work.
A) is
B) am
C) are
D) *
16. It _____ Monday today.
A) is
B) am
C) are
D) *
17.“_____ is his job?”
“He _____ a policeman.”
A) Which / is
B) What / are
C) What / is
D) Where / is
18. He _____ from Argentina. He is _____ Mexico.
A) is / from
B) isn’t / from
C) isn’t / in
D) aren’t / in
19. “Are you married?”
“No, _____ .”
A) I am not
B) I’m not
C) I amn’t
D) I m not
20. Brazil ____ in Asia. ____ in South America.
A) is / It isn’t
B) is / It’s
C) is / Is
D) isn’t / It’s
21. We _____ in a Russian class.
We _____ in an English class.
A) are / are
B) are / not
C) aren’t / are
D) are / am
22. “_____ your teachers married?”
“Yes, _____ .”
A) Is / he is
B) Is / he’s
C) Is / she is
D) Are / they are
23. “Is it hot today?”
“No, _____ .”
A) it isn’t
B) it is not
C) it’s not
D) it not
24. “Are _____ your parents?”
“Yes, _____ .”
A) they-their are
B) their-they are
C) they-they are
D) they-they
25. Eliza _____ from Greece. _____ from Poland.
A) is / Is
B) isn’t / She’s
C) is / Isn’t
D) is / Is not
26. “How old is your brother?”
“_____ 29.”
A) They are
B) I am
C) It is
D) He is
27. “How old _____ Mr. & Mrs. White?”
“_____ 50 and 48.”
A) is / They
B) are / They’re
C) are / They
D) */ They are
28. “How old ___, Andrew?”
“_____ 21 years old.”
A) are you / I’m
B) is he / He’s
C) is / He is
D) are / I
29. “_____ you now?”
“I’m at the school.”
A) Where’s
B) Where’re are
C) Where’re
D) Where
30. “Where _____ now?”
“In her office.”
A) is he
B) is she
C) is it
D) is
Đáp án:
|
1. D |
2. B |
3. B |
4. A |
5. C |
6. B |
|
7. A |
8. C |
9. C |
10. A |
11. B |
12. D |
|
13. B |
14. C |
15. C |
16. A |
17. C |
18. B |
|
19. B |
20. D |
21. C |
22. D |
23. A |
24. C |
|
25. B |
26. D |
27. B |
28. A |
29. C |
30. B |
Ex 5: Chọn động từ To Be thích hợp
1. My cat _____ black.
2. They _____ playing in the park.
3. She _____ happy on her birthday tomorrow.
4. The cake _____ delicious and I ate it all.
5. We _____ friends for a long time.
6. The book _____ read by Mary.
7. He _____ a good student.
8. The flowers _____ bloomed beautifully.
9. The movie _____ shown at 7 PM tomorrow.
10. They _____ at the zoo yesterday.
11. I _____ to the beach before.
12. The house _____ built by my father.
13. The cookies _____ freshly baked by her.
14. We _____ going on a trip next week.
15. The letter _____ written by John 3 days ago.
16. The children _____ playing in the garden.
17. She _____ been studying for the test.
18. The car _____ washed tomorrow.
19. The cake _____ decorated by the baker last week.
20. They _____ excited for the school trip.
Đáp án:
1. is
2. are
3. will be
4. was
5. have been
6. is
7. is
8. have been
9. will be
10. were
11. have been
12. is
13. are
14. will be
15. was
16. are
17. has been
18. will be
19. was
20. are
Ex 6: Hoàn thành đoạn sau với động từ To be
1. Sarah Johnson ___ from New York, but Emily and David ___ from Los Angeles. New York and Los Angeles ___ cities in
the United States.
2. Paris ___ a city in France. Jessica ___ at work today. Mark and Sarah ___ her colleagues. They ___ working on a new
project.
3. Mr. and Mrs. Smith ___ on vacation in Italy to explore the beautiful cities. They ___ staying in a charming villa.
4. Emily says, "My sister ___ studying abroad. I ___ staying with my parents."
5. What day ___ it? It ___ Saturday.
6 ___ you hungry? No, I ___ not.
Đáp án:
1. Sarah Johnson is from New York, but Emily and David are from Los Angeles. New York and Los Angeles are cities in the United States.
2. Paris is a city in France. Jessica is at work today. Mark and Sarah are her colleagues. They are working on a new
project.
3. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are on vacation in Italy to explore the beautiful cities. They are staying in a charming villa.
4. Emily says, "My sister is studying abroad. I am staying with my parents."
5. What day is it? It is Saturday.
6. Are you hungry? No, I am not.
Ex 7: Hãy chọn đáp án sai và sửa lại.
1. The coffee in (A) the (B) thermos am (C) hot.
2. The weather always (A) is (B) not sunny in (C) this region.
3. The new employee are (A) not from (B) our (C) department.
4. Is (A) your team not (B) participating in (C) the tournament?
5. This café amn’t (A) open (B) late (C) at night.
6. Are (A) the keys (B) in (C) the kitchen counter?
7. Are (A) the new software update (B) available for (C) download?
8. The ingredients for (A) the recipe (B) is (C) sufficient here.
9. The textbook am (A) not on (B) the shelf (C).
10. Are (A) the book on (B) the top shelf yours (C)?
Đáp án:
1. C → is
2. A → is not always
3. A → is
4. B → Isn’t your team…
5. A → isn’t
6. C → on
7. A → Is
8. B → are
9. A → is
10. A → Is
Ex 8: Điền vào chỗ trống với dạng đúng của động từ to be ở thì hiện tại hoặc quá khứ
1. Johan and I (be) ________ in the forests. We (be) ________ on a camping trip together. I hope we don’t see snakes!
2. Helen (be) ________ at the party last night. Bella and Vicky (be) ________ there too.
3. Before, Nick and Jacob (be) ________ enemies. Now they (be) ________ best friends.
4. It rained all day yesterday. I (be) ________ sad because I could not go outside. However, today it (be) ________
sunny. And I (be) ________ happy because I can go outside!
5. My family and I (be) ________ swimming in the pool when it began to thunder. The lifeguard told us we had to get
out. I (be) ________ upset, but I knew he was right.
6. I (be) ________ at Jenny’s house yesterday. Now, I (be) ________ at Mellissa’s house.
7. Badminton (be) ________ my favorite sport when I was in high school. Now my favorite sport (be) ________ table
tennis.
8. Avery (be) ________ my best friend. We (be) ________ in the same English class. It begins from 10:00 to 10:50.
9. When he (be) ________ young, Tim (be) ________ interested in science. However, he (be, not) ________ interested
in science anymore. Now, he (be) ________ interested in math.
10. William (be) ________ at the football game last night. He (be) ________ cheering for his favorite team. After the
game, he came back home and went to sleep. I think he (be) ________ still sleeping now. Shhhh… don’t wake him up!
Đáp án:
1. are – are
2. was – were
3. were – are
4. was – is – am
5. were – was
6. was – am
7. was – is
8. is – are
9. was – was – isn’t – is
10. was – was – is
Ex 9: Điền vào chỗ trống với dạng đúng của động từ to be ở thì hiện tại
1. The children (be) ________ eating bananas. They (be, not) ________ eating apples.
2. I (be) ________ at the beach with my family. It (be) ________ hot and sunny outside. The ocean water (be) ________
warm.
3. You (be) ________ finished with the quiz!
4. Judith (be, not) ________ at school. She (be) ________ at home.
5. Sometimes, it (be) ________ still dark when I wake up.
6. My sister (be, not) ________ old enough to drive a car.
7. ________ (be) Tess and Jen still best friends now?
8. My friend (be) ________ buying a new car. Her old car broke down.
9. ________ (be) Steven acting in the school play?
10. The library (be) ________ open until 9:00 p.m.
Đáp án:
1. are – aren’t
2. am – is – is
3. are
4. isn’t – is
5. is
6. isn’t
7. Are
8. Is
9. Is
10. is
Ex 10: Điền vào chỗ trống với dạng đúng của động từ to be ở thì quá khứ
1. They (be) ________ very disappointed about the result.
2. The party (be) ________ fun last weekend.
3. When I was a little girl, I (be) ________ very interested in animals.
4. ________ (be) Teddy driving home when I saw him?
5. The movie (not, be) ________ very entertaining although the acting () ________ good.
6. The weather (be) ________ hot. We (be) ________ sweating.
7. ________ (be) they eating dinner and watching TV at 7:00?
8. My dog (not, be) ________ very dirty after playing outside.
9. Who (be) ________ sleeping in my bed? It (be, not) ________ Kate.
10. The cat (be) ________ faster than the mouse. Unlucky mouse!
Đáp án:
1. were
2. was
3. was
4. Was
5. wasn’t – was
6. was – were
7. Were
8. wasn’t
9. was – wasn’t
10. Was
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