Cách viết dạng Cause - Effect trong bài thi IELTS Writing Task 2
Dạng bài Causes - Effects thường yêu cầu thí sinh nêu ra các Cause (nguyên nhân), Effect (tác động) hoặc đổi khi là Solution (giải pháp) của một vấn đề xã hội cụ thể nào đó. Đề có thể kết hợp đa dạng các yêu cầu như:
Question 1: Nowadays many adults have full-time jobs and the proportion of their lives spent on work is very high. Some of them are under high stress and ignore the other parts of life. What are causes and effects?
Question 2: Consumers are faced with increasing numbers of advertisements from competing companies. To what extent do you think consumers are influenced by advertisements? What measures can be taken to protect them? → Effects & solutions
Question 3: Cycling is more environmentally-friendly than other forms of transport. Why is it not popular in many places? How to increase its popularity? → Causes & solutions
Trước khi bắt tay vào viết bài, bạn nên nghĩ trước 2-3 nguyên nhân (causes) và 2 - 3 ảnh hưởng (effects) có thể có của vấn đề bạn định viết.
Đối với mỗi đề bài, hãy vạch sẵn cho mình các ý sẽ viết trong bài. Hãy đảm bảo rằng bạn đã chọn lọc ra những ý “đắt giá” và chuẩn xác nhất nhé. Bạn có thể tham khảo cách brainstorm mẫu sau đây:
Ví dụ: Childhood obesity is becoming a serious problem in many countries. Explain the main causes and effects of this problem, and suggest some possible solutions.
Causes
Effects
Solutions
Có rất nhiều cách khác nhau để xây dựng một cấu trúc bài viết hoàn chỉnh, nhưng bạn hãy chọn cho mình một cấu trúc rõ ràng, mạch lạc, có tính liên kết về các ý tưởng. Sự mạch lạc và gắn kết trong bài viết sẽ khiến các giám khảo đánh giá cao lối tư duy và trình bày của bạn đó!
Cấu trúc hoàn chỉnh của dạng bài này:
Question: Today more people are overweight than ever before. What in your opinion are the primary causes of this? What are the main effects of this epidemic?
Introduction: Hãy viết phần này bằng 2 câu ngắn gọn và súc tích, đảm bảo nhiệm vụ tổng quát của một phần mở bài:
“Nowadays the number of overweight people is constantly growing.”
“This essay will discuss the main reasons of this epidemic and then describe the possible effects of the problem.”
Body paragraph 1 - Causes
“In my opinion, the foremost causes of obesity are inactive lifestyle and unhealthy eating habits.”
“Today more and more people rely on cars instead of walking, have less physical demands at work and prefer inactive leisure activities. This results in burning less calories and gaining weight.”
“Moreover, the problem is accentuated by the growing number of people, who eat irregularly and consume large portions of high-calorie food. For example, about 50% of the adult population in Europe with so-called disordered eating suffer from obesity. “
Body paragraph 2 - Effects
“The possible effects of this problem include physical health problems and loss of productivity.”
“First of all, obesity results in incorrect functioning of the human body and contributes to the risk of developing some chronic illnesses. For example, as body fat percentage increases, the person’s metabolism worsens, which in turn may result in diabetes or heart diseases.”
“Secondly, overweight people are very unhealthy and often suffer from stress and tiredness. This lessens their work capacity and results in lower productivity. For example, it has been proven that an obese person needs to put more effort to complete some task than a person with normal weight.”
Conclusion: Trong phần kết luận, bạn cần đề cập để nhấn mạnh lại vấn đề mà bài viết đang bàn luận tới, tóm tắt và tổng quát lại các nguyên nhân, ảnh hưởng mà bạn đã viết trong bài.
“To sum up, obesity is a big problem that affects a lot of people nowadays. It’s mainly caused by inactive lifestyle and eating disorders and results in severe health problems and loss of productivity.”
Dựa trên cấu trúc như vậy, chúng ta có bài viết hoàn chỉnh Band 8.0 như sau:
Nowadays the number of overweight people is constantly growing. This essay will discuss the main reasons of this epidemic and then describe the possible effects of the problem.
In my opinion, the foremost causes of obesity are inactive lifestyle and unhealthy eating habits. Today more and more people rely on cars instead of walking, have less physical demands at work and prefer inactive leisure activities. This results in burning less calories and gaining weight. Moreover, the problem is accentuated by the growing number of people, who eat irregularly and consume large portions of high-calorie food. For example, about 50% of the adult population in Europe with so-called disordered eating suffer from obesity.
The possible effects of this problem include physical health problems and loss of productivity. First of all, obesity results in incorrect functioning of the human body and contributes to the risk of developing some chronic illnesses. For example, as body fat percentage increases, the person’s metabolism worsens, which in turn may result in diabetes or heart diseases. Secondly, overweight people are very unhealthy and often suffer from stress and tiredness. This lessens their work capacity and results in lower productivity. For example, it has been proven that an obese person needs to put more effort to complete some task than a person with normal weight.
To sum up, obesity is a big problem that affects a lot of people nowadays. It’s mainly caused by inactive lifestyle and eating disorders and results in severe health problems and loss of productivity.
Question: Even though governments have worked hard to bring about improvements in the healthcare system, the overall standard of physical health in developed countries is decreasing. What are the potential reasons for this, and what are some of the long-term effects?
Model essay:
Health problems including heart disease, obesity, and diabetes are becoming more widespread in developed countries. There are several reasons contributing to this problem, as well as potentially drastic long-term effects.
Lifestyle choices are important and major causes of poor health in developed countries. These days, it is perhaps easier and cheaper to follow an unhealthy diet. For example, the recent boom in fast food restaurants and chains has enticed people to eat at these establishments rather than cooking healthy meals at home. Stress is another factor that has contributed to poor health. The fast-paced corporate culture and competitive work atmosphere make for a difficult work-life balance, resulting in little to no time for eating healthy or taking care of oneself.
These lifestyle choices will have drastic long-term effects. If generations continue to partake in these unhealthy habits, they will continue on for generations to come. For instance, parents who have diabetes or are prone to obesity have a higher chance of passing these conditions on to their children, and so on. Consequently, these health problems could result in a higher cost of living. Due to increased demand for services, it is only natural that the health care industry would charge higher prices to its clients, resulting in higher costs.
Poor lifestyle choices, ranging from unhealthy diets and higher stress, have certainly contributed to the decrease in health standards. If not properly taken care of, these problems could cause harmful long-term effects to future generations in terms of disease and a higher cost of living.
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