Cause and Solution | Bài thi IELTS Writing Task 2

Cause and Solution | Bài thi IELTS Writing Task 2

Phân tích đề bài dạng Causes and Solutions

Khi phân tích đề bài dạng Causes and Solutions, người học cần xác định rõ đối tượng cũng như phạm vi của chủ đề mà đề bài đưa ra. Xét ví dụ:

Ví dụ 1: Cyclists and car drivers today share the same road. What are the problems? What can be done to reduce these problems? (13/06/2020)

Ví dụ 2: Cycling is more environmentally friendly than other forms of transport. Why is it not popular in many places? And how to increase its popularity? (18/06/2016)

Chủ đề của hai ví dụ đều tập trung vào “cycling” (đi xe đạp), tuy nhiên đối tượng chính và phạm vi của hai đề trên có sự khác nhau. Cụ thể như sau:

Thông qua ví dụ trên, người học có thể nắm được ba bước chính khi phân tích đề bài dạng Causes and Solutions bao gồm tìm chủ đề chung dựa vào phần đầu của câu hỏi,  xác định đối tượng và phạm vi phân tích đối tượng thông qua các câu hỏi mà đề bài đưa ra.

Các bước lập dàn bài dạng bài Causes and Solutions

Cấu trúc

Thông thường các bài viết IELTS Writing Task 2 bất kể ở dạng nào cũng đều được chia thành bốn đoạn lớn, bao gồm:

• Introduction (Mở bài),
• Body (Hai đoạn thân bài)
• Conclusion (Kết bài). 

Thực tế, không có yêu cầu bắt buộc mọi thí sinh phải viết theo đúng bốn đoạn như trên, mà thay vào đó thí sinh có thể viết nhiều hơn tùy theo ý thích và khả năng lập luận. Tuy nhiên, với người học ở trình độ cơ bản (cụ thể là band 5.0-6.0), việc chia bài viết thành bốn đoạn sẽ giúp việc phân tích trở nên dễ dàng hơn.

3 bước cơ bản khi viết bài IELTS Writing Task 2

Từ đó, tác giả giới thiệu đến người viết một sườn mẫu trong cách viết dạng bài Causes and Solutions với mức điểm 5.0-6.0 như sau:

Ngôn ngữ dùng trong bài viết Causes and Solutions

Ngoài việc đưa ra một dàn bài với từng bước lập luận cụ thể, tác giả sẽ giới thiệu tới người đọc những cụm từ được sử dụng phổ biến trong dạng bài Causes and Solutions

Ngôn ngữ nói về nguyên nhân, đồng nghĩa với “cause” (gây ra)

Ngôn ngữ nói về giải pháp, đồng nghĩa với “solve” (giải quyết)

Cách viết dạng bài Causes and Solutions hoàn chỉnh

Áp dụng toàn bộ lý thuyết ở các phần trên, tác giả tổng hợp lại ba bước quan trọng khi viết bài IELTS Writing Task 2, cụ thể hơn dành cho dạng bài Causes and Solutions như sau:

Ở phần này, tác giả sẽ phân tích một đề mẫu, áp dụng các bước nêu trên:

Đề bài: Students leave high school without learning how to manage their money. 

What are the reasons and solutions for this issue?

Bước 1: Phân tích đề bài

Chủ đề: manage money (quản lý tiền)

Đối tượng: students (học sinh)

Phạm vi: leave high school (rời trường cấp 3)

Bước 2: Lên dàn bài

Với những nội dung cố định trong dàn ý, người viết có thể áp dụng để tạo ra một câu hoàn chỉnh cho dàn bài chi tiết ở đây. Tuy nhiên, với phần ý tưởng chi tiết cho từng nguyên nhân và giải pháp, người học đang ở trình độ cơ bản (cụ thể là band 5.0-6.0) có thể sử dụng ngôn ngữ mẹ đẻ để đưa ra lập luận cụ thể và chắc chắn trước khi viết thành bài hoàn chỉnh bằng tiếng Anh.

Dựa vào khung dàn ý chi tiết, người viết có thể tự luyện tập viết một bài văn hoàn chỉnh trước khi tham khảo bài mẫu dưới đây: 

There is a common problem amongst high school graduates these days where students are leaving school without any knowledge or skills in personal money management. This essay will outline a number of reasons for this trend and a number of possible solutions to help tackle the issue.

High school graduates’ lack of money management skills is attributed to various factors. One main cause of this issue is that the majority of high school students live with their parents and are completely financially dependent upon them. Most students do not need to work to earn money while at high school, as their parents pay for all their needs, and therefore do not gain any understanding of the realities of earning and saving money. Furthermore, the only money that students receive is from their parents and this is typically in the form of pocket-money, which is given with the intent on it being spent. Therefore, young people only really learn how to spend money, and not how to earn, save or manage it wisely.

There are a number of viable solutions to help tackle this problem. To begin with, basic money management skills could be included as a compulsory subject for students in their high school years, which would help equip them with the knowledge and skills to manage their own personal finances when they leave school, move out of home and enter employment. In addition, parents need to take responsibility to make sure that their children are adequately educated in such matters to ensure their children maintain a successful and independent financial situation after graduating and leaving home. 

In conclusion, although money management is a problem for a lot of school leavers, there are a number of viable solutions to counteract this problem.

Essay mẫu về Cause and Solution band 7+

1. Essay mẫu về Cause and Solution chủ đề: Transportation

Đề bài: Cyclists and car drivers sharing the same road cause some problems. What are the problems? What are the solutions?

Essay mẫu về Cause and Solution chủ đề Transportation:

In many places around the world, bicycles and cars usually occupy the same road, which proves to be precarious in certain cases. This essay will elaborate on various problems emanating from this matter and discuss several solutions to minimize these ramifications. 

The first and foremost issue arising from bikes and cars being on the same road is the interruption to traffic flow. This derives from the difference in the speed of bicycles and cars, which can disturb the normal flow of road transport when, for example, a vehicle intends to take a turn or when a high – speed vehicle has to go after a low – speed one. This situation is especially commonplace in countries that have no separate lanes for bikers like Vietnam. Many car drivers express their frustration when they suddenly encounter a too slow bicycle on the road. Another problem is that cyclists are exposed to grave risks of accidents. Just due to velocity discrepancies, should drivers not react fast enough, an accident will ensue. In this situation, cyclists are put in greater jeopardy because car drivers have better protective equipment inside like seat belts and air bags whereas cyclists have only helmets that can prevent only head injuries but not body wounds. Therefore, being on the same road can be a huge inconvenience and even a fatal menace to cyclists and car drivers.

Nevertheless, there exist a multitude of remedies for this issue. To begin with, the authorities should construct separate lanes for bikers on the road. Due to the aforementioned unavoidable risks, cyclists should still go on a different lane from cars to guarantee a smooth traffic flow and avert traffic congestion due to the divergence of speed between these two means of transport. In addition, it is the responsibility of law enforcement officers to adopt strict regulations pertaining to cycling laws, safety requirements for cyclists and dispute resolution in case of accidents between bikes and cars. When put into practice, these regulations mould both cyclists and car drivers into road users with appropriate driving behaviors as they are on the same road. 

In conclusion, impeded traffic flow and greater accident possibilities are among the most conspicuous problems originating from cyclists and car drivers sharing the same road. Hence, the authorities should tackle this issue as soon as possible with, for instance, cycling lane systems and driving law enforcement with a view to safer traffic for both car and bicycle users.

2. Essay mẫu về Cause and Solution chủ đề: International tourism

Đề bài: Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their country. What are the reasons? Solutions to change negative attitudes?

Essay mẫu về Cause and Solution chủ đề International tourism:

A hostile attitude towards the trend of international tourism has emerged amongst local people. This happens because this trend often disturbs the social balance and causes cultural misunderstandings in the local area. To change these negative attitudes, the authorities should impose a tax on tourist services and organise cultural-exchange events. 

There are two significant reasons as to why hostility is felt by local residents against international tourism. One significant factor could be the threat that this industry poses to social cohesion in the local community. In other words, a group of people may benefit from providing services for foreign tourists, and become more prosperous than the rest, who are mostly fishermen and farmers. As such an income gap is created, people of lower levels of earnings may feel disadvantaged, and a negative attitude towards foreign travellers may prevail. In addition, foreign visitors may unintentionally antagonise the locals because of the cultural differences between these two groups of people. An example of this is that a Japanese waiter in a local restaurant may feel dishonoured if an American tourist leaves him a tip, a very common and well-appreciated practice in the US and other countries. 

Some measures can be implemented to change the antagonistic attitude of locals towards international tourism. The first important solution is that the authorities may introduce new taxation schemes on tourism-related services, and use this tax money to invest in other industries. In this way, all residents can equally benefit from the rise of international tourism, and social balance in the area is maintained. Besides, there should be free-of-charge cultural-exchange programmes for all people. If such programmes were held, mutual cultural understanding between the locals and the visitors would be fortified, and the problem of cultural differences could be mitigated. 

In conclusion, the fact that local citizens may perceive international travel as an adverse trend could be ascribed to cultural misunderstandings and the loss of social cohesion in the area. This negative perception can be properly addressed by a new tax on services for tourists and cultural-exchange activities. 

3. Essay mẫu về Cause and Solution chủ đề: Natural resources

Đề bài: The world’s natural resources are consumed at an ever-increased rate. What are the causes of this situation? What are the solutions? 

Essay mẫu về Cause and Solution chủ đề Natural resources:

The overconsumption of natural resources is emerging as a major topic of concern today. This alarming trend is caused by a few factors such as the substantial demands for energy and the overdependence on natural resources in developing nations. It should be addressed by a number of definite actions, such as manufacturing more environmentally friendly products and utilising alternative energy sources. 

The increasingly high level of exploitation of natural resources could be ascribed to a number of causes. The most obvious reason is the tremendous demands for resources in developing countries, such as China and Brazil. The citizens of these countries are becoming increasingly wealthy, and they may now afford a living standard that is associated with a higher level of resource consumption. A clear example of this is the widespread use of cars among tens of millions of middle-income Chinese nationals, which may have contributed substantially to the burning of oil on a global scale. In less-developed countries, the over-dependence on natural resources, such as fossil fuels, is another significant reason to consider. In Vietnam, for example, the majority of electricity is generated in thermal power stations, in which a vast amount of coal is burnt on a daily basis. 

Some measures can be taken to mitigate the problem of over-7 consuming Earth’s resources. The most practical measure at the moment is to reduce the demand for resources in developing countries. This can be done by mass-producing energy-efficient products, such as hybrid cars, and selling these items at a low price to citizens of these nations. If such a measure is implemented, these people may still benefit from better living standards without over-consuming natural resources. Besides, a more sustainable solution is to lower the reliance on natural resources by taking advantage of alternative sources. For instance, wind and tidal power in the Netherlands, nuclear power in Japan and solar power in the United States have all proven their efficiency in energy production. These forms of energy should be used in other parts of the world as well, to minimise the global dependence on fossil fuels. 

In conclusion, the overexploitation of natural resources derives from the strong demand in developing countries and the over-reliance on these types of resources. Strong measures, such as reducing the aforementioned demand and making use of alternative energy sources, should be implemented to tackle this situation. 

4. Essay mẫu về Cause and Solution chủ đề: Anti-social behaviour and lack of respect

Đề bài: There is a general increase in anti-social behaviours and lack of respect for others. What are the causes and solutions?

The widespread presence of anti-social behaviour and disrespectful attitudes towards others has long been a prevalent issue in society today. This often derives from the indifference of parents towards their children’s moral development, and sometimes from social problems such as violence and discrimination which exist in many parts of the world. This situation should be addressed by strong remedies, including better parental education and stricter law enforcement against violent and discriminatory activities in society. 

Reasons for this alarming situation vary. In some places, people may hold an anti-social attitude or disrespect others because they live in an environment where violence and discrimination are the norm. Children of sexist parents in rural families in Vietnam, for example, show a worrying tendency of disrespecting women. In some other cases, it is the lack of parental guidance that is to blame. As modern parents are becoming increasingly busy with their jobs, they may have the proclivity to be indifferent to their children’s moral education. When there is no one to help young children distinguish between right and wrong, ill-mannered attitudes may emerge and develop among them without being controlled. 

A number of strong measures could be adopted by the government and families to mitigate the problem. On the national level, the government should take definite actions against violence and discrimination. This could be done by ensuring strict enforcement of the laws on violent and discriminatory acts to deter them from happening. In addition, on the nuclear-family level, parents need to reaffirm their role in morally guiding their children. If they notice any signs of antisocial or insolent behaviour in children, the children should be reprimanded accordingly. Parents, at the same time, could also educate their children about social manners by instilling a moral code in them. These actions, albeit small, could have a strong influence on children when they grow up. 

In conclusion, it is clear that violence, discrimination and the indifference of parents to children’s education are the major catalysts for the increase in anti-social behaviour and disrespect towards others. Strong measures such as stringent law enforcement on violent and discriminatory acts should be taken to alleviate this distressing situation. 

5. Essay mẫu về Cause and Solution chủ đề: Children and television

Đề bài: Studies have suggested that children watch much more television than they did in the past and spend less time on active or creative things. What are the reasons and what measures should be taken to encourage children to spend more time on active or creative things?

It is now a norm that children watch an excessive amount of television and do not engage
much in active or creative activities. This trend can be ascribed to a number of factors such as the addictive nature of television and the lack of attention from parents. Parents can address this by taking definite actions including setting a strict limit on children’s television time and spending more time with their children on active and creative activities.
Reasons for the trend vary. The primary reason is that children’s television programmes are
being broadcast all day with addictive content, such as vivid and colourful animation. Cartoon Network and Disney Channel with their day-long series of animation shows are evident examples of this. Another clear reason is that parents nowadays are busy with their work, so they want children to focus on an activity that does not require much of their attention, such as watching television. These two reasons tend to make children spend more time in front of the television screen instead of participating in active or creative activities.
A number of strong measures should be implemented to tackle the issue. The first solution is limiting the amount of time that a child can watch television. This could be done by activating the parental control mode and setting a fixed operating time limit on their television set.
Another feasible solution is that parents could spend more time with their children engaging in outdoor or creative activities. They could, for example, form a family sport team that practices on a regular basis, which may appeal to children more than television.
In conclusion, children tend to watch too much television because of the appealing content on various channels and the lack of playing time with their parents. They may start to join more active and creative activities once their parents spend more time with them and the parental control mode on television sets is activated.

6. Essay mẫu về Cause and Solution chủ đề: Bicycles

Đề bài: Nowadays people use bicycles less as a form of transport. Why is that? What can we do to encourage people to use bicycles more?

Cycling has long been considered an effective way of improving physical health and reducing the risk of obesity. However, in recent decades, there has been a prevalent trend for people to use bicycles less to commute. This trend could be ascribed to the overdependence on motorised vehicles and the shortage of dedicated paths for bicycles. To address this problem, the government should impose a tax on cars and motorcycles, and use this money to construct more bicycle lanes.
There are several reasons as to why people hesitate to choose bicycles as a form of transport. The most prominent reason is the overreliance on modern means of transport, such as cars and motorbikes, which are faster and thus perceived to be more suitable for long journeys than bicycles. Another convincing reason is that in many countries in the world, including Vietnam, there are no dedicated cycling paths for bicycles. This means that cyclists in these places would have to ride in the same lane as motor vehicles, which is without doubt a dangerous practice.
To promote the use of bicycles as a means of transport, the government should adopt both of the following measures. The authorities should first impose a heavy tax on motor vehicles. This tax would discourage people from using cars and motorbikes, and encourage them to switch to bicycles, a human-powered land vehicle. The government should then allocate this tax money to the construction of cycling paths for citizens. If a system of cycling paths was well-developed, people would use bicycles more because they may then consider these vehicles a safe and convenient mode of transport.
In conclusion, the unpopularity of bicycles could be attributed to the overdependence on
modern means of transport and the shortage of designated cycling paths. To motivate people to cycle more, the authorities should therefore introduce a tax on cars and motorbikes and expend the money collected from this tax on constructing dedicated paths for cyclists.

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