Các quy tắc về sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ tiếng Anh cô đọng
Sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ trong tiếng Anh là gì?
Sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ là cách động từ (V) thay đổi tùy theo chủ ngữ (S) ở dạng số nhiều hay số ít hay dạng không đếm được. Ví dụ:
- There is one main reason we must tackle global warming (Có một lý do chính khiến chúng ta phải giải quyết vấn đề nóng lên toàn cầu).
- There is a pen, some pencils and a rubber on the table (Có một cây bút, một số bút chì và cục gôm trên bàn).
5+ quy tắc về sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ trong tiếng Anh
1. Động từ sau THERE IS, THERE ARE
- Khi sử dụng “There is/ There are” hãy lưu ý rằng chúng ta sẽ không chia động từ “to be” dựa vào “There” mà sẽ chia dựa vào “danh từ theo sau” nó. Ví dụ: There are several reasons why we must tackle the problem of global warming (Có một số lý do tại sao chúng ta phải giải quyết vấn đề nóng lên toàn cầu) ➡ Ta có “several reasons” là danh từ số nhiều nên “to be” cũng chia theo ngôi số nhiều là “are”.
- Ngoài ra, ta cũng thường xuyên bị chia động từ sai khi có nhiều danh từ theo sau. Với trường hợp có nhiều danh từ theo sau như này, chúng ta sẽ chỉ dựa vào danh từ đầu tiên để chia “to be” mà thôi.
Học ngay: 360 ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUY TẮC
2. Động từ đi kèm EITHER...OR and NEITHER…NOR
- Với cấu trúc song song như “either…or” hoặc “neither…nor” thì động từ chia theo danh từ đứng gần nó nhất.
- Ví dụ: Neither the child nor her parents are at the school (Cả đứa trẻ và bố mẹ cô ấy đều không ở trường). Ở đây mình có “her parents” là danh từ đứng gần nhất với động từ chính, nên ta sẽ chia to be tương ứng là “are”.
3. Động từ đi với AS WELL AS, WITH, ALONG WITH, TOGETHER WITH, ACCOMPANIED BY
Tất cả các cụm giới từ mang nghĩa kết nối - ai đó cùng làm gì đó với ai như thế này sẽ đều có động từ chia theo CHỦ NGỮ THỨ NHẤT. Ví dụ:
- Hoa, as well as her sisters, is studying in Hanoi (Hoa, cũng như các chị gái của cô, đang học ở Hà Nội).
- She, along with me, is going to university this year (Cô ấy, cùng với tôi, sẽ vào đại học năm nay).
4. Động từ đi kèm ĐẠI TỪ BẤT ĐỊNH
Trong tiếng Anh, những đại từ bất định sẽ đều chia động từ ở dạng số ít. Đại từ bất định là những đại từ chưa xác định được cụ thể là ai, bao gồm danh sách sau:
Động từ đi kèm ĐẠI TỪ BẤT ĐỊNH
Ví dụ:
- Something needs to be done because of the increasing rate of crime (Cần phải làm gì đó vì tỷ lệ tội phạm ngày càng tăng).
- According to the news, nobody is directly responsible for the problems (Theo tin tức, không ai chịu trách nhiệm trực tiếp về các vấn đề).
5. Động từ sau TỪ CHỈ SỐ LƯỢNG
Một trong những cấu trúc quan trọng nhất trong IELTS Writing chính là A number/ The number of + danh từ số nhiều. Tuy nhiên 2 cách dùng này lại có cách chia động từ theo hoàn toàn khác nhau.
- A number of + Danh từ số nhiều + V chia số nhiều. Ví dụ: A number of students are going to the zoo (Một số học sinh đang đi đến sở thú).
- The number of + Danh từ số nhiều + V chia số ít. Ví dụ: The number of days in January is thirty-one (Số ngày trong tháng Giêng là ba mươi mốt).
6. Động từ sau THE + ADJECTIVE
Chúng ta đã biết cấu trúc THE + ADJECTIVE để chỉ một tập thể/ nhóm người như the rich = những người giàu, the poor = những người nghèo. Khi chúng làm chủ ngữ thì ta cũng chia động từ theo hình thức số nhiều.
THE + ADJECTIVE + V chia số nhiều
Ví dụ:
- The young really like eating fast food (Giới trẻ rất thích ăn đồ ăn nhanh).
- Despite not having much money, the poor are still happy (Dù không có nhiều tiền nhưng người nghèo vẫn hạnh phúc)
Bài tập cụ thể về sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ
Làm ngay một số bài tập dưới đây để nắm vững được ý nghĩa và cách giúp của kiến thức ngữ pháp tiếng Anh về sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ bạn nhé:
Bài 1: Chọn hình thức đúng của động từ
1. Annie and her brothers (is, are) at school.
2. Either my mother or my father (is, are) coming to the meeting.
3. The dog or the cats (is, are) outside.
4. Either my shoes or your coat (is, are) always on the floor.
5. George and Tamara (doesn’t, don’t) want to see that movie.
6. Benito (doesn’t, don’t) know the answer.
7. One of my sisters (is, are) going on a trip to France.
8. The man with all the birds (live, lives) on my street.
9. The movie, including all the previews, (take, takes) about two hours to watch.
10. The players, as well as the captain, (want, wants) to win.
Đáp án:
1. Are, 2. Is, 3. Are, 4. Is, 5. Don’t, 6. Doesn’t, 7. Is, 8. Lives, 9. Takes, 10. Want.
Bài 2: Chọn câu đúng
1. A) Every one of the shirts has a green collar.
B) Every one of the shirts have a green collar.
2. A) This singer, along with a few others, play the harmonica on stage.
B) This singer, along with a few others, plays the harmonica on stage.
3. A) Sandals and towels are essential gear for a trip to the beach.
B) Sandals and towels is essential gear for a trip to the beach.
4. A) The president or the vice president are speaking today.
B) The president or the vice president is speaking today.
5. A) Either Cassie or Marie pays the employees this afternoon.
B) Either Cassie or Marie pay the employees this afternoon.
6. A) Either the sculpture or the paintings are in the museum today.
B) Either the sculpture or the paintings is in the museum today.
7. A) The coat or the hats are in that closet.
B) The coat or the hats is in that closet.
8. A) Neither she nor I is getting the lunch special.
B) Neither she nor I am getting the lunch special.
C)Neither she nor I are getting the lunch special.
9. A) Each of the dancers twirls brilliantly.
B) Each of the dancers twirl brilliantly.
10. A) Mustard greens are my favorite vegetable.
B) Mustard greens is my favorite vegetable.
Đáp án:
1.A, 2.B, 3.A, 4.B, 5.A, 6.A, 7.A, 8.B, 9.A, 10.A
Bài 3: Chọn đáp án đúng:
1. Helen and her brothers (is, are) at school.
2. Either my mother or my sister (is, are) coming to the meeting.
3. The dog or the cats (is, are) outside.
4. Either my shoes or your T-shirt (is, are) always on the floor.
5. George and Clara (doesn’t, don’t) want to see that movie.
6. Tom (doesn’t, don’t) know the answer.
7. My brother (is, are) going on a trip to England.
8. The man with all the dogs (live, lives) near my house.
9. The book, including all the reviews, (take, takes) about two hours to read.
10. The players, as well as the captain, (want, wants) to win.
11. Either answer (is, are) acceptable.
12. Every one of these books (is, are) comic.
13. Nobody (know, knows) what happened last night.
14. (Is, Are) the shows on at five or six?
15. Mathematics (is, are) John’s favorite subject, while Civics (is, are) Jane’s favorite subject.
16. Nine dollars (is, are) the price of a ticket today.
17. (Is, Are) the tweezers in this drawer?
18. Your pants (is, are) at the cleaners.
19. There (was, were) sixteen candies in that bag. Now there (is, are) only one left!
20. My brother, together with his wife, (greets, greet) everybody at the party.
Đáp án:
| 1. are |
5. don’t |
9. takes |
13. knows |
17. Are |
| 2. is |
6. doesn’t |
10. want |
14. Are |
18. are |
| 3. are |
7. is |
11. is |
15. is |
19. were |
| 4. is |
8. lives |
12. is |
16. is |
20. greets |
Bài 4: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. Everyone on the board of directors ........ with the planned merger.
A. agreeing C. have agreed
B. agree D. agrees
2. Success in business ......... certain strategies that satisfy both the employer and the employees.
A. requires C. require
B. is required D. requiring
3. Not only the painting method but also the colors ............... the intervest of art critics.
A. has aroused C. have aroused
B. arouses D. arousing
4. The number of corrections made during the first stage ........... the charges significantly.
A. has influenced C. have influenced
B. are influencing D. influencing
5. Every staff member ....... to be trained in security procedures to ensure the safety of customer's
private information.
A. requirement C. is required
B. requires D. requiring
6. Our website has a page that ........... frequently asked questions by its users.
A. answer C. answers
B. was answered D. answering
7. The benefits of exercising regularly while pregnant ....... staying sedentary during pregnancy.
A. surpass C. surpassing
B. is surpassing D. surpassed
8. The decision regarding the merger of the two companies ...... to the public yesterday.
A. was announced C. were announced
B. announced D. announcing
9. Thanks to the recent anti-smoking campaign, the number of smokers in the country .........
A. has reduced C. reduce
B. to reduce D. having reduced
10. The regulations governing animal research ......... many provisions to safeguard animal welfare.
A. contains C. contain
B. have been contained D. is containing
Đáp án:
1 - D 2 - A 3 - C 4 - A 5 - C
6 - C 7 - A 8 - A 9 - A 10 - C
Bài 5: Cho thì và dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:
1. The English (be) ………. famous for their calmness.
2. The money that (spend) …………. on education every year (be) ………not enough.
3. The number of employees who (not, finish) …………. their work yet (have) ………. . to work on the weekend.
4. The office (close) …………on the weekend.
5. The office (try) ………a lot to win the boss’s heart recently.
6. Five kilos of gold (steal) ………. . from the bank yesterday.
7. Physics (cause) …………you any trouble at school.
8. Yesterday, neither you nor I (choose) …………. to deliver the speech. So who (choose)
………. ?- Daisy and Ann (be) ……….
9. That you enjoy the food I cook (encourage) …………. me a lot.
10. When I (see) …………you yesterday, the boy in black trousers (try) ……. . to steal your wallet.
11. The contracts signed by the company (have) …………been voided because some stipulations were not met.
12. Ten miles (be) ………. a very long distance for us to walk.
13. Each package that is not properly wrapped (have) ………. . to be returned to the sender.
14. The keys of the house (have) ………. been lost.
15. The plan as well as the proposals (be) ………. . to be presented in the coming Monday meeting.
16. The box of ribbons for the electric typewriter (have) ………. . been misplaced.
17. It is disconcerting to believe that every possible candidate (have) ……. . been rejected for one
reason or another.
18. There (have) ………. been more excitement in this city about a sporting event.
19. To me, Mathematics (be) ………something very easy to master.
20. If nobody (have) ………. . bought that car from the dealer, then you should return and make another offer.
Đáp án
| 1. are was chosen; |
8. waschosen; were |
15. is |
| 2. is spent; |
9. waschosen; were |
16.has |
| 3. hasn’t finished; has |
10. saw; was trying |
17. has |
| 4. is closed |
11. have |
18. has |
| 5. have tried |
12. is |
19. is |
| 6. was stolen |
13. has |
20. has |
| 7. does physics |
14. have cause |
|
Bài 6: Sửa lại câu nếu cần thiết. Đánh dấu (√) vào bất kỳ câu nào đã đúng:
1. The Chinese has an interesting history.
2. English is one of the most popular language in the world.
3. The scissors on the table is my sister’s.
4. Linguistics is my major field of study.
5. There are good furniture in this showroom.
6. The cattle is grazing in the meadow.
7. The interrogation, conducted by the police officers, have lasted for several hours.
8. The tenants in the apartment next to mine is giving a party this evening.
9. The president, surrounded by secret service agents, is trying to make his way to the podium.
10. The buildings destroyed during the fire are being rebuilt at the taxpayers’ expense.
11. 20 percent of the forest have been destroyed lately.
12. The witnesses saw that most of the fire in the hills was extinguished.
13. Some of the animals from the zoo was released into the animals preserve.
14. All of the students in the class taught by Professor Roberts is required to turn in their term papers next Monday.
15. Half of the food that we are serving to the guests are still in the refrigerator.
16. We believe that some of the employees is going to be devoted to quality control.
17. It is impossible to believe that somebody actually admire that man.
18. Each of the doctors in the building needs to have a separate reception area.
19. The president felt that no one were better suited for the position of chief staff advisor.
20. Everybody participating in the fund-raiser are to turn in the tickets by 8. 00.
Đáp án:
|
1. has-have
2. language-languages
3. is-are
4. √
5. are-is
6. is-are
7. have-has
|
8. is-are
9. √
10. √
11. have-has
12. √
13. was-were
14. is-are
|
15. are-is
16. √
17. admire-admires
18. √
19. were-was
20. are-is
|
Bài 7: Hoàn thành các câu với is/are, has/have hoặcdos/do.
1. Either John or you ………. . to be responsible for the unfinished work.
2. David, as well as his friends, …………collecting waste paper to recycle.
3. John and Helen ……. . not admit to have broken the window.
4. Neither Tom nor his friends………. . lost the keys.
5. Both Peter and his girlfriend………. working for a bank.
6. Neither the library nor the bookstore…………the book I need.
7. Tom as well as his two close friends ………not in class today.
8. Both Ron and Bob ………passed the exam successfully.
9. One of the staffs………. to report the problem to the manager.
10. Either the girl or her parents…………going to be present at the party.
Đáp án
|
1. have
2. is
3. do
4. have
5. are
|
6. has
7. is
8. have
9. has
10. are
|
Bài 8: chọn câu trả lời đúng
1. At the end of the fall (comes/come) the hard tests.
2. The hard tests (comes/come) at the end of the fall.
3. Both of my roommates (has/have) decided to live in the dorms.
4. Both of the dogs (has/have) collars.
5. Each of the students (is/are) responsible for doing his or her work.
6. Either my mother or my brothers (is/are) going to sell the car.
7. Neither my sisters nor my father (is/are) going to sell the house.
8. Either the boy or the girls (walk/walks) into the room.
9. Either the girls or the boy (walk/walks) into the room.
10. Everyone (has/have) done his or her homework.
11. Mary and John usually (plays/play) together.
12. Neither the dogs nor the cat (is/are) very hungry.
13. The samples on the tray in the lab (need/needs) testing.
14. The slaughter of animals for their fur (has/have) caused controversy.
15. The student, as well as his teacher, (was/were) going on the field trip.
Đáp án
1. come
2. come
3. have
4. have
5. is
6. are
7. is
8. walk
9. walks
10. has
11. play
12. is
13. need
14. has
15. was
Bài 9: Tìm và sửa lỗi trong câu này
1. Batik cloth from Bali, blue and white ceramics from Cambodia, and a bocce ball from Turin has made
Hannah’s room the talk of the dorm.
2. Leah is the only one of the many applicants who has the ability to step into this job.
3. Measles are a contagious childhood disease.
4. Neither the explorer nor his companions was ever seen again.
5. Not until my interview with Dr Smith was other possibilities opened to me.
6. One of the main reasons for elephant poaching are the profits received from selling ivory tusks.
7. The board of directors, ignoring the wishes of the neighbourhood, have voted to allow further
development.
8. The presence of certain bacteria in our bodies are one of the factors that determines our overall
health.
Đáp án
1. Batik cloth from Bali, blue and white ceramics from Cambodia, and a bocce ball from Turin have made
Hannah the only one of the many applicants who have the ability to step into this job.
3. Measles is a contagious childhood disease.
4. Neither the explorer nor his companions were ever seen again.
5. Not until my interview with Dr Smith were other possibilities opened to me.
6. One of the main reasons for elephant poaching is the profits received from selling ivory tusks.
7. The board of directors, ignoring the wishes of the neighbourhood, have voted to allow further
development.
8. The presence of certain bacteria in our bodies is one of the factors that determines our overall
health.’s room the talk of the dorm.
Bài 10: Chọn câu trả lời đúng trong ngoặc
1. (Is, Are) the news on at five or six?
2. (Is, Are) the tweezers in this drawer?
3. Nine dollars (is, are) the price of a movie nowadays.
4. Either answer (is, are) acceptable.
5. Either my mother or my father (is, are) coming to the meeting.
6. Either my shoes or your coat (is, are) always on the floor.
7. Every one of those books (is, are) fiction.
8. George and Fred (doesn’t, don’t) want to see that movie.
9. He (doesn’t, don’t) know the answer.
10. Mathematics (is, are) Anna’s favorite subject, while English (is, are) my favorite subject.
11. Nobody (know, knows) the trouble I’ve seen.
12. One of my sisters (is, are) going on a trip to China.
13. Emily and her brothers (is, are) at school.
14. The committee (debates, debate) these questions carefully.
15. The dog or the cats (is, are) outside.
16. The man with all the birds (live, lives) on my street.
17. The movie, including the credit, (take, takes) about one hour and a half to watch.
18. The players, as well as the captain of the team, (want, wants) to win.
19. There (was, were) ten candies in that bag. Now there (is, are) only one left!
20. Your shirt (is, are) at the cleaner’s.
Đáp án
1. Is
2. Are
3. Is
4. Is
5. Is
6. Is
7. Is
8. Don’t
9. Doesn’t
10. Is – Is
11. Knows
12. Is
13. Are
14. Debates
15. Is
16. Lives
17. Takes
18. Wants
19. Were – Is
20. Is
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