Câu chẻ (Cleft Sentences) | Định nghĩa, cấu trúc câu chẻ trong tiếng Anh và bài tập vận dụng
Cấu trúc câu chẻ (Cleft Sentences) là dạng câu thường được dùng phổ biến với chức năng nhấn mạnh một thành phần nhất định trong câu như chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, trạng từ, hay có thể là một sự việc, đối tượng nào đó đáng chú ý trong câu… Câu chẻ cũng là một dạng câu ghép gồm mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề phụ thường kết hợp kèm các đại từ quan hệ.
Ví dụ:
Cấu trúc câu chẻ sử dụng “It + be” trong tiếng Anh được sử dụng phổ biến nhất để nhấn mạnh. Sau đây là công thức chung của câu chẻ này:
It is/was + Thành phần cần nhấn mạnh + that/whom/who +…
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Câu chẻ |
Cấu trúc |
Ví dụ |
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Nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ |
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Nhấn mạnh tân ngữ |
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Nhấn mạnh trạng ngữ |
It is/was + từ/cụm từ chỉ trạng ngữ + that + S + V + O |
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Nhấn mạnh trong câu bị động |
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Khác với cấu trúc “It + be”, đây là loại câu câu chẻ đặc biệt khi thông tin cần nhấn mạnh thường đặt ở cuối. Mệnh đề “what” được đặt ở đầu câu và trong một số trường hợp khác là các đại từ quan hệ như “where”, “why” hay “how”. Với những đặc trưng riêng về vị trí từ loại, cách tạo thành cấu trúc câu chẻ nhấn mạnh với “what” cũng có nhiều khác biệt hơn.
Cấu trúc:
What clause + V + is/was + câu/từ được dùng để nhấn mạnh
Bên cạnh các công thức cơ bản thì câu chẻ cũng có cấu trúc đảo trong tiếng Anh để nhấn mạnh một thành phần nhất định trong câu.
Cấu trúc:
S + be + all/wh-question + S + V…
Ví dụ:
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Câu chẻ |
Cấu trúc |
Ví dụ |
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Dùng “wh” đảo ngược |
S + V + “wh” + Ý cần nhấn mạnh |
A high score is what Harry always wants to have. (Một điểm số cao là điều mà Harry luôn muốn có.) |
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Dùng “All” |
All + S + V + Ý cần nhấn mạnh |
All Sara wants for this Christmas is with family. (Tất cả những điều Sara muốn trong ngày Giáng Sinh là ở cùng với gia đình.) |
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Dùng “There” |
There + Ý cần nhấn mạnh |
There is a special book Hanna really wants to buy. (Có một cuốn sách đặc biệt Hanna thực sự rất muốn mua.) |
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Dùng “If” |
If + Mệnh đề + it’s + Vế câu cần nhấn mạnh |
If Martin wants to become a doctor it’s because he admires doctors a lot. (Nếu Martin muốn trở thành bác sĩ thì đó là vì anh ấy ngưỡng mộ các bác sĩ rất nhiều.) |
Bài 1: Viết lại câu sử dụng câu chẻ mà nghĩa không đổi.
1. His father often complains about his students whenever they go to his house.
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2. My mother used to like climbing up trees and picking fruits.
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3. His brother always makes noise at night.
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4. They usually complain about the noise at night.
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5. My boyfriend gave me a bunch of roses last week.
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Đáp án:
1. It is his father that/who often complains about his students whenever they go to his house.
2. It was my mother who/that used to like climbing up trees and picking fruits.
3. It is his brother who/that always makes noise at night.
4. It is they who/that usually complain about the noise at night.
5. It was my boyfriend that/who gave me a bunch of roses last week.
Bài 2: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. ____ my father bought the golden fish.
A. It was from this shop that
B. I was from this shop where
C. It was this shop which
D. It was this shop that
2. It was Linh ____ to help me.
A. comes
B. that comes
C. to come
D. who came
3. ____ the police had rescued from the fire.
A. The baby
B. The baby that
C. It was the baby whom
D. It is the baby whom
4. ____ his brother gave him the fish tank.
A. It was on his birthday when
B. It was his birthday on that
C. It was his birthday that
D. It was on his birthday that
5. ____ I first met my boyfriend.
A. It was in Hanoi that
B. It was in Hanoi where
C. It was Hanoi that
D. It was Hanoi which
6. ____ on the phone.
A. It is his sister whom is
B. It was his sister whom is
C. It was his sister who is
D. It is his sister who is
7. ____ a high level of blood cholesterol.
A. It is eggs that contain
B. Those are eggs it contains
C. It is eggs that contains
D. It is eggs contain
8. ____ England won the World Cup.
A. It was in 1966 that
B. It was on 1966 that
C. It was in 1966 when
D. It was 1966 in that
9. ____ we all look for.
A. That happiness
B. It is happiness that
C. Happiness it is that
D. Happiness it is
10. ____ him how to play the drum.
A. It was his mother who taught
B. His mother who taught
C. It was his mother taught
D. It is his mother teaching
Đáp án:
1 - A, 2 - D, 3 - C, 4 - D, 5 - A, 6 - C, 7 - C, 8 - A, 9 - B, 10 - A
Bài 3: Viết lại câu chẻ dưới dạng bị động
1. They asked the policeman a lot of questions.
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2. The dog barked at the stranger.
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3. My mother is making some cakes for our lunch.
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4. They all saw her husband outside the theater last night.
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5. Mr. Linh repaired the roof yesterday evening.
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Đáp án:
1. It was the policeman who were asked a lot of questions by they.
2. It was the stranger who was barked at by the dog.
3. It was some cakes that were made for lunch by my mother.
4. It was her husband who was seen outside the theater (by their) last night.
5. It was the roof that was repaired by Mr. Linh yesterday evening.
Bài 4: Viết lại câu sử dụng cấu trúc câu chẻ với thành phần được gạch nhân.
1. She loves spending time with her family the most.
2. His dedication makes him a great leader.
3. I found the missing ingredient in the kitchen.
4. They want a fair and equal opportunity.
5. We went on a road trip during the summer vacation.
6. She needs some rest and relaxation.
7. The support from my friends keeps me motivated.
8. The sudden change in weather surprised me.
9. I heard my favorite song at the concert last night.
10. The quality of our work matters most.
11. Her creativity sets her artwork apart.
12. The stunning sunset over the ocean caught my eye.
13. The decision was made during the meeting.
14. Her ability to think outside the box makes her unique.
15. Her perseverance and hard work made her successful.
Đáp án:
1. It is spending time with her family that she loves the most.
2. It's his dedication that makes him a great leader.
3. It was in the kitchen that I found the missing ingredient.
4. It is a fair and equal opportunity that they want.
5. It was during the summer vacation that we went on a road trip.
6. It is some rest and relaxation that she needs.
7. It's the support from my friends that keeps me motivated.
8. It was the sudden change in weather that surprised me.
9. It was at the concert last night that I heard my favorite song.
10. It is the quality of our work that matters most.
11. It's her creativity that sets her artwork apart.
12. It was the stunning sunset over the ocean that caught my eye.
13. It was during the meeting that the decision was made.
14. It is her ability to think outside the box that makes her unique.
15. It was her perseverance and hard work that made her successful.
Bài 5: Viết lại câu sử dụng cấu trúc câu chẻ với đại từ quan hệ trong ngoặc.
1. His guitar skills impressed everyone at the concert. (that)
2. She enjoys spending time in nature most. (that)
3. Their collaboration resulted in the successful project. (that)
4. I saw a rare species of bird in the park. (where)
5. They need better communication within the team. (that)
6. I discovered my love for French cuisine during my trip to Paris last month. (when)
7. Most parents are willing to lend their ear to their children. (whom)
8. Her determination and hard work led to her promotion. (that)
9. The unexpected turn of events surprised me. (that)
10. I found the book I had been searching for at the bookstore. (where)
11. Personal happiness matters to her, not material wealth. (that)
12. His charisma and charm make him a popular public speaker. (that)
13. The breathtaking view from the mountaintop caught my attention. (that)
14. Important decisions were made during the conference last week. (when)
15. The new employee solved the complex problem. (who)
Đáp án:
1. It was his guitar skills that impressed everyone at the concert.
2. It is spending time in nature that she enjoys most.
3. It's their collaboration that resulted in the successful project.
4. It was in the park where I saw a rare species of bird.
5. It is better communication within the team that they need.
6. It was last month that I discovered my love for French cuisine during my trip to Paris.
7. It was their children whom most parents are willing to lend their ear to.
8. It's her determination and hard work that led to her promotion.
9. It was the unexpected turn of events that surprised me.
10. It was at the bookstore where I found the book I had been searching for.
11. It is personal happiness, not material wealth, that matters to her.
12. It's his charisma and charm that make him a popular public speaker.
13. It was the breathtaking view from the mountaintop that caught my attention.
14. It was last week that important decisions were made during the conference.
15. It was the new employee who solved the complex problem.
Bài 6: Điền It hoặc What vào chỗ trống
1. __________ was his quick thinking that saved the situation.
2. __________ she wants is a peaceful and harmonious environment.
3. __________ is their teamwork that led to the successful project completion.
4. __________ was on the top shelf that I found the missing book.
5. __________ they desire is equal opportunities for everyone.
6. _________ was during my trip to Greece that I discovered my love for Greek mythology.
7. _________ he values most is loyalty and trustworthiness.
8. __________ is her expertise in the field that sets her apart from others.
9. __________ surprised me was the unexpected arrival of my favorite singer.
10. __________ was at the theater that I watched the incredible performance.
11. __________ matters the most to her is personal growth and fulfillment.
12. __________ is his positive attitude that helps him overcome challenges.
13. __________ caught my eye was the vibrant colors of the sunset.
14. __________ was during the meeting that the crucial decision was made.
15. __________ makes her successful is her dedication and perseverance.
Đáp án:
1. It
2. What
3. It
4. It
5. What
6. It
7. What
8. It
9. What
10. It
11. What
12. It
13. What
14. It
15. What
Bài 7: Điền vào chỗ trống để hoàn thành câu.
1. His brilliant strategy led us to victory.
It was ____________________ that led us to victory.
2. She needs a supportive and understanding friend.
What ____________________ is a supportive and understanding friend.
3. Their determination drives them to achieve their goals.
It's ____________________ that drives them to achieve their goals.
4. I found the rarest flower in the garden.
It was in the garden ____________________.
5. They want equal opportunities for everyone.
____________________ is equal opportunities for everyone.
6. I discovered my love for sushi during my trip to Japan.
It was during my trip to Japan ____________________.
7. He values honesty and integrity most.
____________________ is honesty and integrity.
8. Her creativity makes her artwork stand out.
____________________ that makes her artwork stand out.
9. The unexpected turn of events surprised me.
____________________ was the unexpected turn of events.
10. I saw a breathtaking sunset at the beach.
It was at the beach ____________________.
11. Personal growth and happiness matters to her most.
What matters most to her ____________________.
12. His perseverance helps him overcome challenges.
____________________ that helps him overcome challenges.
13. The beautiful melody of the song caught my attention.
____________________ was the beautiful melody of the song.
14. Important decisions were made during the conference.
It was ____________________ that important decisions were made.
15. Her ability to empathize with others makes her unique.
What makes her unique ____________________.
Đáp án:
1. his brilliant strategy
2. she needs
3. their determination
4. that I found the rarest flower
5. What they want
6. that I discovered my love for sushi
7. What he values most
8. It's her creativity
9. What surprised me
10. that I saw a breathtaking sunset
11. is personal growth and happiness
12. It's his perseverance
13. What caught my attention
14. during the conference
15. is her ability to empathize with others
Bài 8: Viết lại câu bắt đầu với It hoặc What.
1. His exceptional cooking skills impressed everyone at the dinner party.
It ________________________________________________________________________
2. She loves most spending time in nature, surrounded by lush greenery.
What _____________________________________________________________________
3. Their teamwork and collaboration resulted in the successful completion of the project.
It ________________________________________________________________________
4. in the attic I found the long-lost family photo album.
It ________________________________________________________________________
5. They need better communication and coordination among team members.
What _____________________________________________________________________
6. During my trip to Bali I discovered my passion for surfing.
It ________________________________________________________________________
7. He values most honesty, integrity, and loyalty.
What _____________________________________________________________________
8. It's her dedication and hard work that have paved the way for her success.
It ________________________________________________________________________
9. What surprised me was the unexpected arrival of my childhood friend at the party.
What _____________________________________________________________________
10. It was at the museum that I saw the breathtaking painting by a renowned artist.
It ________________________________________________________________________
11. What matters most to her is personal growth, fulfillment, and making a positive impact on others.
What _____________________________________________________________________
12. It's his positive attitude and resilience that enable him to overcome challenges.
It ________________________________________________________________________
13. What caught my eye was the vibrant colors of the cherry blossoms in full bloom.
What _____________________________________________________________________
14. It was during the team meeting that the crucial decision was made to expand the business.
It ________________________________________________________________________
15. What makes her successful is her combination of talent, hard work, and determination.
What _____________________________________________________________________
Đáp án:
1. It was his exceptional cooking skills that impressed everyone at the dinner party.
2. What she loves most is spending time in nature, surrounded by lush greenery.
3. It's their teamwork and collaboration that resulted in the successful completion of the project.
4. It was in the attic that I found the long-lost family photo album.
5. What they need is better communication and coordination among team members.
6. It was during my trip to Bali that I discovered my passion for surfing.
7. What he values most is honesty, integrity, and loyalty.
8. It's her dedication and hard work that have paved the way for her success.
9. What surprised me was the unexpected arrival of my childhood friend at the party.
10. It was at the museum that I saw the breathtaking painting by a renowned artist.
11. What matters most to her is personal growth, fulfillment, and making a positive impact on others.
12. It's his positive attitude and resilience that enable him to overcome challenges.
13. What caught my eye was the vibrant colors of the cherry blossoms in full bloom.
14. It was during the team meeting that the crucial decision was made to expand the business.
15. What makes her successful is her combination of talent, hard work, and determination.
Bài 9: Hoàn thành các câu dưới đây bằng cấu trúc câu chẻ để ý nghĩa không thay đổi.
1. Rebecca took care of Luna’s daughter until she became an adult.
→ It was _________________________________.
2. Angela wants a new dress for Christmas this year.
→ A new dress _________________________________.
3. Peter likes reading this magazine the most.
→ It is this magazine _________________________________.
4. I just want to have happy memories during my trip to Korea.
→ All _________________________________.
5. Daniel achieved the highest score last semester.
→ It was _________________________________.
6. Jackie proposed to Lisa at the movie theater.
→ Where _________________________________.
7. Emma wants to have a family meal after tiring days of work.
→ A family meal _________________________________.
8. Christopher defeated John in the final last week.
→ It is John who _________________________________.
9. I found the house key in my backpack.
→ It is the house key _________________________________.
10. Dorothy will sing a song at the prom tonight.
→ There _________________________________.
Đáp án:
1. It was Rebecca who took care of Luna’s daughter until she became an adult.
2. A new dress is what Angela wants for Christmas this year.
3. It is this magazine that Peter likes reading the most.
4. All I want to have during my trip to Vietnam is happy memories.
5. It was Daniel who achieved the highest score last semester.
6. Where Jackie proposed to Lisa is the movie theater.
7. A family meal is what Emma wants to have after tiring days of work.
8. It is John who was defeated in the final last week by Christopher.
9. It is the house key that I found in my backpack.
10. There is a song that Dorothy will sing at the prom tonight.
Bài 10. Điền who, that, whom vào chỗ trống
1. It is my brother ….. plays the guitar very well.
2. It is by using this software ….. you can kill computer viruses.
3. It is my sister ….. John falls in love with.
4. It was in this house ….. I was born.
5. It was Sue ….. he gave the whole confidential document.
Đáp án:
1. that
2. that
3. that/whom
4. that
5. that
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