Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp (Mixed Conditional) | Định nghĩa - Các dạng câu điều kiện hỗn hợp - Bài tập

Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp (Mixed Conditional) | Định nghĩa - Cách sử dụng - Bài tập vận dụng

Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp là gì?

Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp (Mixed conditional sentence) là loại câu điều kiện trong tiếng Anh để đưa ra các giả định KHÔNG có thật khiến cho hệ quả ở hiện tại hoặc trong quá khứ thay đổi. Câu điều kiện này được xây dựng bởi sự kết hợp giữa câu điều kiện loại 2 và câu điều kiện loại 3.  Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp gồm 2 mệnh đề:

Mệnh đề chính (Main clause) => mệnh đề chỉ kết quả

Mệnh đề If (If-clause) => mệnh đề phụ chỉ điều kiện

Ví dụ:

• If I saved enough money, I could have had my own house. (Nếu tôi tiết kiệm đủ tiền, tôi đã có thể  mua được ngôi nhà của riêng mình.)
• If I had studied harder in high school, I would be in a better university now. (Nếu tôi học chăm chỉ hơn ở trường trung học, bây giờ tôi sẽ đậu vào một trường đại học tốt hơn.)

Các loại câu điều kiện hỗn hợp

1. Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại 1 (Past => Present)

Cách sử dụng: Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại 1 diễn tả một hành động, sự việc thay đổi trong quá khứ, dẫn đến kết quả trong hiện tại cũng thay đổi theo. 

Cấu trúc:

Mệnh đề điều kiện	Mệnh đề chính (chỉ kết quả)
If + Past perfect	S + would/could + infinitive.

Ví dụ:

If I had worked harder when I was young, I could relax now (Nếu hồi trẻ tôi làm việc chăm chỉ hơn, thì bây giờ tôi có thể nghỉ ngơi rồi)

• Hiện tại: bạn không được nghỉ ngơi vì trong quá khứ bạn không làm việc chăm chỉ.

=> Giả định khi thay đổi hành động trong quá khứ (Tức là nếu bạn học hành căn chỉ hơn) thì kết quả ở hiện tại sẽ được thay đổi (Đồng nghĩa với việc bây giờ bạn được nghỉ ngơi).

If she had left earlier, she could attend the class on time. (Nếu cô ấy đã đi sớm hơn, cô ấy có thể có mặt đúng giờ ở lớp.) 

• Hiện tại: cô ấy đi học muộn vì đã rời nhà muộn. 

=> Giả định khi thay đổi hành động trong quá khứ (Tức là cô ấy rời nhà để đi học sớm hơn) thì kết quả ở hiện tại có thể (Đồng nghĩa với việc cô ấy được vào lớp đúng giờ). 

2. Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại 2 (Present => Past)

Cách sử dụng: Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại 2 được sử dụng để chỉ những hành động nếu ở hiện tại thay đổi, thì dẫn đến hành động trong quá khứ cũng thay đổi.

Cấu trúc:

Mệnh đề điều kiện	Mệnh đề chính (chỉ kết quả)
If + Past simple	S + would/could/might + have + V(p2) + O

Ví dụ:

If her English was good, she would have been able to translate this paragraph. (Nếu tiếng Anh cô ấy tốt, cô ấy đã có thể dịch được đoạn văn này rồi).

• Hiện tại: Ở thời điểm hiện tại tiếng Anh của cô ấy không tốt nên cô ấy không thể dịch được đoạn văn.

=> Giả sử ở thời điểm hiện tại tiếng Anh của cô ấy tốt lên thì hành động trong quá khứ (chính là dịch đoạn văn bản) cũng sẽ được thay đổi. 

If he made a decision sooner, He would have followed his passion (Nếu anh ấy chịu quyết định sớm hơn thì anh ấy đã có cơ hội theo đuổi ước mơ của mình rồi).

• • Hiện tại: Ở thời điểm hiện tại anh ấy chưa có quyết định của riêng mình nên anh ấy đã không theo đuổi được ước mơ của mình.

=> Giả sử ở thời điểm hiện tại anh ấy quyết định nhanh một chút thì hành động trong quá khứ (theo đuổi được ước mơ của mình) cũng sẽ được thay đổi theo.

3. Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện hỗn hợp

Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp	Cấu trúc	Ví dụ
Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại 1	Had + S + (not) + P2,  S + would/might/could + V	Gốc:  If he had taken better care of himself, he wouldn’t be sick now.  Đảo ngữ:  Had he taken better care of himself, he wouldn’t be sick now. (Nếu anh ấy đã chăm sóc bản thân cẩn thận hơn, anh ấy không bị ốm như bây giờ.)
Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại 2	Were + S + (not), S + would/might/could + have + P2. Were + S + (not) to V,  S + would/might/could + have + P2.	Gốc: If I were you, I would not have told a lie => Đảo ngữ: Were I you, I would not have told a lie. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ không nói dối). Gốc: If I have a chance, I would have become a rock => Đảo ngữ: Were I to have a chance,  I would have become a rock. (Nếu có cơ hội, tôi sẽ trở thành 1 cục đá.)

Các lưu ý khi sử dụng câu điều kiện hỗn hợp

Trong cấu trúc câu điều kiện gốc, mệnh đề điều kiện If có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề kết quả. Nhưng trong đảo ngữ câu điều kiện, mệnh đề If bắt buộc phải được đặt đứng trước mệnh đề chính. Ví dụ:

• If I had won the lottery, I would have traveled the world. (Nếu tôi đã trúng số, tôi đã đi du lịch khắp thế giới.)
• I would have traveled the world, If I had won the lottery (Tôi đã đi du lịch vòng quanh thế giới, nên tôi trúng số) => Đảo ngữ: Had I won the lottery, I would have traveled the world.

Bài tập câu điều kiện hỗn hợp có đáp án chi tiết

Bài tập 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc

1. If I……………..(study) harder, I……………..(be) in a better job now. 
2. If she……………..(leave) earlier, she……………..(catch) the train. 
3. If we……………..(not buy) the tickets, we……………..(save) money now.
4. If he……………..(take) better care of himself, he……………..(not be) sick now. 
5. If she……………..(not afraid) of flying, she……………..(not travel) by boat 
6. If I……………..(win) the lottery, I……………..(travel) the world.
7. If he……………..(practice) more, he……………..(be) a better musician now. 
8. If she……………..(accept) the job offer, she……………..(earn) more money now. 
9. If I……………..(be) you, I……………..(choose) that major.
10. If he……………..(listen) to my advice, he……………..(not be) in this mess now.

Đáp án:

1. studied/would be
2. had left/would have caught
3. didn’t buy/would have saved
4. had taken/wouldn’t be
5. wasn’t afraid/wouldn’t have traveled
6. had won/would have left
7. had practiced/would be
8. had accepted/would have earned
9. were/would have chosen 
10. had listened/wouldn’t be

Bài tập 2. Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa câu không thay đổi.

1. I worked so hard last night. Now, I’m exhausted.
2. I do not have an IELTS degree, so I did not get that job.
3. My brother wasn’t allowed to go on a trip with his friends. He is sad now.
4. I don’t have time. I didn’t finish my homework.
5. I left before they came so they didn’t know me.

Đáp án:

1. If I hadn’t worked so hard last night, I wouldn’t be exhausted now.
2. If I had an IELTS degree, I would have got that job.
3. If my brother had been allowed to go on a trip with his friends, he wouldn’t be sad now.
4. If I had time, I would have finished my homework.
5. If I hadn’t left before they came, they would know who I am.

Bài 3: Chia đúng động từ trong ngoặc

1. We (have) ____ enough time if we wanted to see the castle.

2. In case you (buy) ____ a car, will you teach me to drive?

3. She (get) ____ angry if you had told her.

4. If they (support) ____ our product when we asked them, they would get a discount now.

5. Even if I (ask) ____ him, he won't come.

6. It will be a disaster unless Joyce (help) ____ us.

7. If you (have) ____ something to eat in the morning, you wouldn't feel sick now.

8. I wouldn't risk it if I (be) ____ you.

9. The chicken isn't very good. It (taste) ____ better if you had put some spices on it.

10. I won't go to the dance unless you (join) ____ me.

11. If the hotel in Paris had been full, we somewhere else. (stay)

12. If I got the job, I grateful to you. (be)

13. Unless she  (fail) ____ the test she will get her driving licence next week.

Đáp án:

1. would have

2. buy

3. would have got

4. had supported

5. ask

6. helps

7. had had

8. were

9. would taste

10. join

11. would have stayed

12. would be

13. fails

Bài 4: Chia đúng động từ trong ngoặc

1. How would you explain the meaning of this word if you (not know) ____ it?

2. We (not be) ____ angry if you had refused the dinner.

3. If I were you, I (not take) ____ it.

4. If Ken (not mend) ____ the car, who will do it?

5. If I (not be) ____ in a hurry when I got up, I wouldn't catch the train.

6. She won't finish it on time if she (not start) ____ right now.

7. Had I driven slowly, I (not crash) ____.

8. She would get fat if she (not stop) ____ eating.

9. Had he not let me know, I (not collect) ____ him at the airport tomorrow morning. (not collect)

Đáp án:

1. did not know

2. would not have been

3. would not take

4. does not mend

5. had not been

6. does not start

7. would not have crashed

8. did not stop

9. would not collect

Bài 5: Chia đúng động từ trong ngoặc

1. If you take my advice, you (be) ____ happy.

2. What would you do if you (be) ____ me?

3. If you (lend) ____ me some books I will give them back in two weeks.

4. I (send) ____ her a letter if I had found her address.

5. She the bread if she hadn't been hungry.

6. If she (come) ____ here I will tell her about the film.

7. I will be unhappy if you (leave) ____ me.

8. If you hadn't been so crazy you (not/buy) ____ this expensive house.

9. If the sun (shine) ____ I will go to the beach.

10. If I (win) ____ the lottery I would leave my country.

Đáp án:

1. will be

2. were

3. lend

4. would have sent

5. wouldn't have stolen

6. comes

7. leave

8. wouldn't have bought

9. shines

10. won

Bài 6: Hoàn thành câu điều kiện sao cho có nghĩa giống câu đầu tiên và sử dụng dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

1. I didn’t bring my waterproof camera. I couldn’t take photos at the underwater museum (remember, be able)

→ If _____________________________________.

2. I’m glad they didn’t build the underwater amusement park. Just imagine the impact on the reefs. (build, have a negative impact)

Had _____________________________________.

3. I don’t speak French, so I didn’t understand most of what the tour guide was saying. (know, miss)

If _____________________________________.

4. We campaigned successfully against the new development. Thanks to that, we can still see the ocean from our window. (our campaign, be successful, be able)

If _____________________________________.

Đáp án: 

1. If I had remembered to bring my waterproof camera, I would have been able to take photos at the underwater museum.

2. Had they built the underwater amusement park, it would have had a negative impact on the reefs.

3. If I knew French, I wouldn’t have missed what the tour guide was saying. (Hoặc) If I’d known French, I wouldn’t have missed what the tour guide was saying.

4. If our campaign against the new development hadn’t been successful, we wouldn’t have been able to see the ocean from our window. (Hoặc) If our campaign against the new development hadn’t been successful, we wouldn’t be able to see the ocean from our window.

Bài 7: Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

1. I _________ (understand) what other people on the tour were saying if I _________ (speak) Spanish.
2. I _________ (do) a helicopter tour if they _________ (not be) a major source of noise pollution.
3. If we _________ (not act) to protect coral reefs soon, damage _________ (be) irreparable and future generations _________ (not be) able to enjoy them.
4. If people _________ (not campaign) against the proposals, today our town _________ (look) very different.
5. Temperatures _________ (continue) to rise over the next few years unless carbon emissions _________ (be) reduced quickly.
6. If the Historical Society _________ (not monitor) the construction sites, many artifacts _________ (destroy) and _________ (not be) on display at the museum.

Đáp án: 

1. would have understood – spoke/ had spoken

2. would do – weren’t

3. don’t act – will be – won’t be

4. hadn’t campaigned – would looked

5. will continue – are

6. hadn’t monitored – would have been destroyed – wouldn’t have been/ wouldn’t be

Bài 8: Từ những tình huống có sẵn, viết lại thành các loại câu điều kiện hỗn hợp.

1. Lucy is tired now because she came home late last night.

2. Peter revised his lesson so he would get bonus scores today.

3. John didn’t learn English in high school, so he doesn’t have a good job.

4. I am not rich. I didn’t buy a new car last month.

5. We can’t reach Tom’s house now because we didn’t ask for directions before.

Đáp án: 

1. If Lucy hadn’t come home late last night, she wouldn’t be tired now.

2. If Peter hadn’t revised his lesson, he wouldn’t have gotten bonus scores today.

3. If John had learned English in high school, he would have had a good job.

4. If I were rich, I would have bought a new car last month.

5. We could reach Tom’s house now if we had asked for directions before.

Bài 9: Fill in the blank with the right form

1. I didn’t invite her to the party, but I ______(hesitate) if I was good at cooking.
2. If we had bought a good map, we ______(not be) lost now.
3. If we knew where to go, we ______(not wait) for you.
4. She ______(move) to Korea a long time ago if she ______(have) enough money.
5. If I wasn’t afraid of flying, I ______(invite) you to the US a long time ago.
6. If he ______(have) money, he ______(go) to Japan.
7. If I were you, I ______(see) that movie.
8. He’d be the happiest person if he ______(marry) Sue when they were young.
9. She ______(study abroad) if she had won the scholarship.
10. She would have helped him in French if he ______(be) better.

Đáp án: 

1. wouldn’t have hesitated
2. wouldn’t be
3. wouldn’t have waited
4. would have moved – had
5. would have invited
6. had – would have gone
7. would have seen
8. married
9. would study abroad
10. was

Bài 10: Make the correct sentences using a mixed conditional for a hypothetical present and a past action/situation

1. If I ______(be) you, I ______(quit) that job.
2. If she ______(work) from Monday to Sunday, she ______(go) to the gym on the weekend last year.
3. If he ______(live) closer, we ______(meet) each other more often.
4. The job ______(be finished) last week if they ______(know) what they were doing.
5. This flower ______(not be wilted) if he ______(water) it often.
6. I ______(not be) so uncertain if my best friend Liz always ______(give) her right information.
7. If we ______(not trust them), we______(not ask) them to stay with us last winter.
8. If she ______(know) the book was out of print, she ______(not try) to find it in all shops.
9. If Mike ______(not be) a reliable journalist, he ______(not be promoted) to desk editor.
10. If I ______(not finish) this essay, I ______(not go) to the birthday party last night.

Đáp án: 

1. were – would have quitted
2. worked – would have gone
3. lived – would have met
4. would have been finished – knew
5. wouldn’t have been wilted – watered
6. wouldn’t have been – gave
7. didn’t trust – wouldn’t have asked
8. knew – wouldn’t have tried
9. weren’t – wouldn’t have been promoted
10. didn’t finish – wouldn’t have gone

Bài 11: Make the correct sentences using a mixed conditional for a hypothetical past and a present action/situation

1. If John ______(not sell) his car, he ______(give) you a lift.
2. We ______(not be) in a mess now if they ______(do) their work properly.
3. I ______(work) harder today if my boss ______(ask) my health.
4. If we ______(travel) by bus, we ______(not have) to pay so much now.
5. That music show ______(be) turning now if he ______(not turn) off the TV.
6. If I ______(tell) him clearly about what I wanted, he ______(not be) making those mistakes now.
7. If they ______(listen) to us, they ______(not be) lost now.
8. If they ______(hang) that picture higher, people ______(see) it clearly.
9. If we ______(book) the tickets in advance, we ______(not have) to wait now.
10. If he ______(stay) in Japan a few years longer, he ______(speak) Japanese

Đáp án: 

1. hadn’t sold – would give
2. wouldn’t be – had done
3. would work – had asked
4. had traveled – wouldn’t have
5. would be – hadn’t turned
6. had told – wouldn’t be
7. had listened – wouldn’t be
8. had hung – would see
9. had booked – wouldn’t have
10. had stayed – would speak

Bài 12: Rewrite these sentences with the same meaning

1. I don’t have an IELTS degree, so I didn’t get the job.
2. My brother didn’t book the seats for the new Marvel movie. He’s worried now.
3. You worked hard last night. That’s why you’re exhausted now.
4. David doesn’t speak Korean, so he couldn’t transcript Korean books.
5. I didn’t take the management course at college. That’s why I don’t have so many job opportunities.

Đáp án: 

1. If I had an IELTS degree, I would have got the job.
2. If my brother had booked the seats for the new Marvel movie, he wouldn’t be worried now.
3. If you hadn’t worked hard last night, you wouldn’t be exhausted now.
4. If David spoke Korean, he could have transcripted Korean books.
5. If I had taken the management course at college, I would have so many job opportunities.

Bài 13: Rewrite these sentences with the same meaning

1. I do not have time. I didn’t travel last year.
2. Rachel didn’t learn how to drive, so she cannot visit her distant relatives.
3. Because his family is rich, his parents have spoiled him.
4. I left before they came so that they still don’t know me.
5. I went to bed early so I got up early today.
6. 6.Chandler is exhausted because he went out and partied all night.
7. Monica is still mad because Chandler smoked.

Đáp án: 

1. If I had time, I would have traveled last year.
2. If Rachel had learnt how to drive, she could visit her distant relatives.
3. If his family wasn’t rich, his parents wouldn’t have spoiled him.
4. If I hadn’t left before they came, they would know who I am.
5. If I hadn’t gone to bed early, I wouldn’t have got up early today.
6. Chandler wouldn’t be exhausted if he hadn’t gone out and partied all night.
7. Monica would be mad if Chandler hadn’t smoked.

Bài 14: Fill in the blank with the right form

1. We (have) __ enough time if we wanted to see the castle.
2. In case you (buy) __ a car, will you teach me to drive?
3. She (get) __ angry if you had told her.
4. If they (support) __ our product when we asked them, they would get a discount now.
5. Even if I (ask) __ him, he won’t come.
6. It will be a disaster unless Joyce (help) __ us.
7. If you (have) __ something to eat in the morning, you wouldn’t feel sick now.
8. I wouldn’t risk it if I (be) __ you.
9. The chicken isn’t very good. It (taste) __ better if you had put some spices on it.
10. I won’t go to the dance unless you (join) __ me.
11. If the hotel in Paris had been full, we __ somewhere else. (stay)
12. If I got the job, I __ grateful to you. (be)
13. Unless she (fail) __ the test she will get her driving license next week.

Đáp án: 

1. would have
2. buy
3. would have got
4. had supported
5. ask
6. helps
7. had had
8. were
9. would taste
10. join
11. would have stayed
12. would be
13. fails

Bài 15: Chọn đáp án thích hợp vào chỗ trống:

1. If she… the lottery last month, she… rich now.

A. have won/would be       B. had won/would be

C. won/would be             D. wins/will be

2. If Hoa… the homework yesterday, Hoa… bonus today.

A. had done/would get B. had done/would have got

C. done/would get             D. does/will get

3. If the students had gone to school last Thursday, they… to the library now.

A. would go                B. will go

C. could go                         D. A & C

4. If it… yesterday, it would be cold this morning.

A. had snowed           B. snowed

C. have snowed           D. was snowing

5. If Mery… to you, she… in trouble right now.

A. had listened/would be B. had listened/would have be

C. had listened/would not be D. A & B

6. If it had rained two hours ago, the streets…  wet now.

A. would have be             B. will be

C. be                                D. would be

7. If I… to the park last weekend, I would be tired today.

A. have gon        B. goes

C. had gone       D. A & B

8. If we had bought that ticket 2 days ago, we… a lot of money now.

A. will have B. may have

C. would have had D. would have

9. If you had done all your assignments last night, you… games right now.

A. will play B. can play

C. plays D. could play.

10. If Susan had not gone out last week, she… die now.

A. will                                   B. would  

C. could                               D. B & C

Đáp án: 

1. B 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.A

6.D 7. C 8.C 9.D 10.D

Bài 16: Hoàn thành những câu sau sử dụng từ trong ngoặc và câu điều kiện hỗn hợp

Example: If I see (see) her, I‘ll give (give) her the news.

1. English is important in this job. If Isabel ………………… (not speak) it, she ………………… (not understand) most of our hotel guests.

2. Tony misread the map. That’s why he got lost. If he ……………… (read) the map properly, he ………………… (not get) lost.

3. If you’re not using your old digital camera, why …………… (you/not sell) it? If I ………………… (be) you, I ……………… (advertise) it on the internet and sell it. You had the car key with you all the time, didn’t you?

4. Don’t be silly! If I ………………………… (have) the car key, I………………… (not ask) you for it right now, would I?

5. If the weather ……………… (not be) so miserable yesterday, we……………… (go) out fishing.

6. I ……………… (not bother) going out fishing tomorrow unless the weather ……………… (get) better.

7. If I ………………… (see) a lion in the middle of a city, I………………… (assume) it had escaped from the local zoo or a circus.

8. Alex and Jennifer are happily married. If Alex ……………… (not be) such a kind person, Jennifer ………………… (not want) to marry him.

9. If I …………… (win) the lottery, I …………… (pinch) myself to make sure I wasn’t dreaming.

10. If you ………………… (study) the map as you said you would the night before, we ………………… (not be) lost now.

11. If he …………… (not study) English, he ……………(not find) the job he has now.

12. If someone ………………… (ring) the bell at four in the morning,………………… (you/answer) the door?

13. We (have) ____ enough time if we wanted to see the castle.

14. In case you (buy) ____ a car, will you teach me to drive?

15. She (get) ____ angry if you had told her.

16. If they (support) ____ our product when we asked them, they would get a discount now.

17. Even if I (ask) ____ him, he won't come.

18. It will be a disaster unless Joyce (help) ____ us.

19. If you (have) ____ something to eat in the morning, you wouldn't feel sick now.

20. I wouldn't risk it if I (be) ____ you.

21. The chicken isn't very good. It (taste) ____ better if you had put some spices on it.

22. I won't go to the dance unless you (join) ____ me.

23. If the hotel in Paris had been full, we somewhere else. (stay)

24. If I got the job, I grateful to you. (be)

25. Unless she  (fail) ____ the test she will get her driving licence next week.

26. How would you explain the meaning of this word if you (not know) ____ it?

27. We (not be) ____ angry if you had refused the dinner.

28. If I were you, I (not take) ____ it.

29. If Ken (not mend) ____ the car, who will do it?

30. If I (not be) ____ in a hurry when I got up, I wouldn't catch the train.

Đáp án: 

1. English is important in this job. If Isabel didn’t speak (not speak) it, she wouldn’t understand (not understand) most of our hotel guests.

2. Tony misread the map. That’s why he got lost. If he had read (read) the map properly, he wouldn’t have got (not get) lost.

3. If you’re not using your old digital camera, why don’t you sell (you/not sell) it? If I were (be) you, I would advertise (advertise) it on the internet and sell it. You had the car key with you all the time, didn’t you?

4. Don’t be silly! If I had had (have) the car key, I wouldn’t be asking (not ask) you for it right now, would I?

5. If the weather hadn’t been (not be) so miserable yesterday, we would have gone (go) out fishing.

6. I won’t bother (not bother) going out fishing tomorrow unless the weather gets (get) better.

7. If I saw (see) a lion in the middle of a city, I would assume (assume) it had escaped from the local zoo or a circus.

8. Alex and Jennifer are happily married. If Alex hadn’t been (not be) such a kind person, Jennifer wouldn’t have wanted (not want) to marry him.

9. If I won (win) the lottery, I would pinch (pinch) myself to make sure I wasn’t dreaming.

10. If you had studied (study) the map as you said you would the night before, we wouldn’t be (not be) lost now.

11. If he hadn’t studied (not study) English, he wouldn’t have found (not find) the job he has now.

12. If someone rang (ring) the bell at four in the morning, would you answer (you/answer) the door?

13. would have

14. buy

15. would have got

16. had supported

17. ask

18. helps

19. had had

20. were

21. would taste

22. join

23. would have stayed

24. would be

25. fails

26. did not know

27. would not have been

28. would not take

29. does not mend

30. had not been

Bài 17: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa câu không thay đổi.

1. I worked so hard last night. Now, I’m exhausted.

2. I do not have an IELTS degree, so I did not get that job.

3. My brother wasn’t allowed to go on a trip with his friends. He is sad now.

4. I don’t have time. I didn’t finish my homework.

5. I left before they came so they didn’t know me.

Đáp án: 

1. If I hadn’t worked so hard last night, I wouldn’t be exhausted now.

2. If I had an IELTS degree, I would have got that job.

3. If my brother had been allowed to go on a trip with his friends, he wouldn’t be sad now.

4. If I had time, I would have finished my homework.

5. If I hadn’t left before they came, they would know who I am.

Bài 15: Hãy đảo ngữ những câu điều kiện sau:

1. If we have prepared the party, it would be much more fun.

2. If Mark and Susan have met at the airport, they could be a couple.

3. If the students have studied hard for the exam, they would pass it easily.

4. If you have met John at school, say hello to him.

5. If my parents have given me a key, I might get into the house.

Đáp án: 

1. Have we prepared the party, it would be much more fun.

2. Have Mark and Susan met at the airport, they could be a couple.

3. Have the students studied hard for the exam, they would pass it easily.

4. Have you met John at school, say hello to him.

5. Have my parents given me a key, I might get into the house.

Bài 18: Chọn đáp án đúng với mỗi câu sau:

1. If I didn't have / don't have this homework to do, I would have gone out with my friends.
2. If they hadn't eaten / wouldn't eaten so much, they wouldn't feel ill now.
3. She won't come / wouldn't have come by train if she could drive.
4. You are / wouldn't be so tired if you had gone to bed earlier.
5. If I hadn't fought for our relationship, we weren't / wouldn't be / wouldn't have been together now.
6. I'm afraid of flying. If I wouldn't have been / hadn't been / wasn't afraid of flying we'd have traveled by plane.
7. If you had taken / would have taken / took your dad's car without permission last night, you might be in trouble.
8. If you had bought an umbrella, you will be wet / would not be wet / would be wet now.
9. Life would be / had been / was difficult if they hadn’t invented electricity!
10. If I hadn’t seen the news, I didn’t know / wouldn’t know / hadn’t known about the accident.

Đáp án: 

1. didn’t have
2. hadn’t eaten
3. wouldn’t have come
4. wouldn’t be
5. wouldn’t be
6. wasn’t
7. had taken
8. would not be
9. would be
10. wouldn’t know

Bài 19: Điền từ vào ô trống:

1. If I were you, I … (act) differently. Your behavior was unacceptable.
2. We are second now. We … (be) top of the league if we hadn't lost our last match.
3. If he weren't so lazy, he … (finish) the assignment when it was due.
4. He'd still be here if you … (not scare) him away.
5. I would have a better job if I … (go) to university.
6. The chicken isn’t very good. It … (taste) better if you had put some spices on it.
7. I’m sorry. I wouldn’t have said it if I … (be) so angry.
8. If Jason … (leave) the university three years ago, he … (be) a doctor now.
9. If Peter … (love) you, he … (break) your heart yesterday.
10. The teacher … (be) so angry now if you … (forget) your homework at home.

Đáp án: 

1. would have acted
2. would be
3. would have finished
4. had not scared
5. had gone
6. would taste
7. hadn’t been
8. hadn't left / would be
9. loved / wouldn't have broken
10. wouldn’t be / hadn’t forgotten

Bài 20: Lựa chọn phương án đồng nghĩa với các câu cho sẵn dưới đây:

1. James is always lazy. He failed a test last week.

A. If you weren’t so lazy, you would have passed that test.

B. If you hadn’t been so lazy, you would pass that test.

C. If you weren’t so lazy, you would pass that test.

2. Paul drove too fast. Now he’s in trouble with the police.

A. If Paul hadn’t driven too fast, he wouldn’t be in trouble with the police.

B. If Paul didn’t drive too fast, he wouldn’t be in trouble with the police.

C. If Paul hadn’t drive too fast, he wouldn’t have been in trouble with the police.

3. I don’t have a degree, so I didn’t get the job.

A. If I’d had a degree, I would get that job.

B. If I have a degree, I would have got that job.

C. If I had a degree, I would have got that job.

4. You didn’t fix the roof. Now it’s leaking.

A. If you fixed the roof, it wouldn’t have leaked.

B. If you’d fixed the roof, it wouldn’t be leaking.

C. If you’d fixed the roof, it wouldn’t have been leaking.

Đáp án: 

1. A
2. A
3. C
4. B

Bài 21: Từ các gợi ý trong ngoặc, chia động từ đúng. 

1. If I ____(not made) an additional copy of the report, we ____(have to) redo it now. 

2. If you ____(not be) so hard-headed, you ____(not have to) do the assignment by yourself.

3. She ____(be) happier if she ____(agree) to marry him. 

4. If you ____(do) all of your  homeworks yesterday, like I told you, you ____(be) able to go out with your friends now. 

5. I ____(quit) that boring desk job if I ____(be) him. 

6. Tom ____(be) in England now if he ____(get) the acceptance letter from the University. 

7. We ____(be) millionaires now if you ____(bought) that lottery number I told you to. 

8. If you ____(not be) so lazy, you ____(pass) the final test. 

9. If you ____(remember) to bring a map, we ____(not be) lost now. 

10. You ____(have) a lot more job opportunities if you ____(learn) English better. 

Đáp án: 

1. hadn’t made / would have to

2. weren’t / wouldn’t have had to

3. would be / had agreed

4. had done / would be

5. would have quitted / were

6. would be / had got

7. would be / had bought

8. weren’t / would have passed

9. had remembered / wouldn’t be

10. would have / had learned

Bài 22: Viết lại câu từ các gợi ý.

1. They / not stay out / the rain / too long, they / not feel sick / now.

=> ____________________________________________________________________ .

2. I / not be / able / buy / that shirt / I / spell/ all / your money / video games.

=> ____________________________________________________________________ .

3. We / sack / him / months ago / we / not trust / him.

=> ____________________________________________________________________ .

4. I / not afraid / flying, I / go / with you / Europe.

=> ____________________________________________________________________ .

5. The manager / be / here, he / know / how to deal / the issue.

=>____________________________________________________________________ .

Đáp án: 

1. If they hadn’t stayed out in the rain for too long, they wouldn’t be sick now.

2. You wouldn’t be able to buy that shirt if I had spent all of my money on video games.

3. We would have sacked him months ago if we didn’t trust him.

4. If I weren’t afraid of flying, I would have gone with you to Europe.

5. If the manager were here, he would have known how to deal with this issue.

Bài 23: Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

1. I _________ (understand) what other people on the tour were saying if I _________ (speak) Spanish.
2. I _________ (do) a helicopter tour if they _________ (not be) a major source of noise pollution.
3. If we _________ (not act) to protect coral reefs soon, damage _________ (be) irreparable and future generations _________ (not be) able to enjoy them.
4. If people _________ (not campaign) against the proposals, today our town _________ (look) very different.
5. Temperatures _________ (continue) to rise over the next few years unless carbon emissions _________ (be) reduced quickly.

Bài 24: Fill in words

1. If you ………. (study) last night, you ………. (be) ready for the test.
2. If I ………. (know) about the traffic, I ………. (leave) earlier.
3. If she ………. (attend) the course, she ………. (improve) her skills.
4. If he ………. (take) his medicine, he ………. (feel) better.
5. If they ………. (invest) wisely, they ………. (have) more money now.
6. If you ………. (be) more careful, you ………. (not make) that mistake.
7. If I ………. (realize) what was happening, I ………. (act) differently.
8. If we ………. (meet) last year, we ………. (be) friends now.
9. If he ………. (practice) more, he ………. (perform) better.
10. If you ………. (ask) me, I ………. (tell) you the truth.

Đáp án: 

Bài 25: Find and fix errors 

1. If you would have studied, you would be pass the test.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

2. If she had known, she would helps you.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

3. If they would see the mistake, they would have corrected it.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

4. If he knew about the issue, he would had fixed it.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

5. If we had knew that, we would have done something different.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

6. If you had tell me, I would have understood.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

7. If she had went to the doctor, she would be better.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

8. If they had played better, they would wins the match.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

9. If I would have known about the sale, I would have buy something.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

10. If he took his time, he would have make fewer mistakes.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

Đáp án: 

Bài 26: Create mixed conditional sentences based on given situations

1. You didn’t study; you don’t understand the material.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

2. She didn’t know about the deadline; she didn’t submit her project.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

3. They didn’t invest in the stock market; they didn’t have profits.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

4. He wasn’t aware of the offer; he didn’t accept it.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

5. I didn’t hear about the accident; I didn’t help.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

6. We didn’t meet her; we aren’t friends.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

7. You didn’t follow the instructions; the device doesn’t work.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

8. She didn’t take the medicine; she is still sick.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

9. They didn’t save money; they can’t buy a new house.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

10. He didn’t practice the speech; he isn’t confident.

=> ……………………………………………………………………

Đáp án: 

Các đáp án có thể thay đổi dựa vào sức sáng tạo của bạn nha

1. If you had studied, you would understand the material. 

=> Giải thích: Câu này sử dụng cấu trúc điều kiện hỗn hợp, nơi mệnh đề “if” ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành (“had studied”) chỉ một hành động không diễn ra trong quá khứ, và mệnh đề chính ở thì hiện tại điều kiện (“would understand”) diễn tả hậu quả ảnh hưởng tới hiện tại. Nếu bạn đã học tập, bạn sẽ hiểu chất liệu bây giờ.

2. If she had known about the deadline, she would have submitted her project.

=> Giải thích: Câu này là điều kiện loại 3, nói về một điều kiện không xảy ra trong quá khứ (“had known”) và hậu quả cũng không xảy ra trong quá khứ (“would have submitted”). Nếu cô ấy biết về hạn chót, cô ấy đã nộp dự án.

3. If they had invested in the stock market, they would have profits now.

=> Giải thích: Câu này sử dụng cấu trúc hỗn hợp, với điều kiện quá khứ (“had invested”) và hậu quả ảnh hưởng đến hiện tại (“would have profits now”). Nếu họ đã đầu tư vào thị trường chứng khoán, họ sẽ có lợi nhuận bây giờ.

4. If he had been aware of the offer, he would have accepted it.

=> Giải thích: Câu này là điều kiện loại 3, với cả điều kiện và kết quả đều trong quá khứ. Nếu anh ấy biết về lời đề nghị, anh ấy đã chấp nhận nó.

5. If I had heard about the accident, I would have helped.

=> Giải thích: Đây cũng là một câu điều kiện loại 3, nói về việc không biết thông tin trong quá khứ (“had heard”) và hành động không diễn ra là giúp đỡ (“would have helped”).

6. If we had met her, we would be friends now.

=> Giải thích: Câu này sử dụng cấu trúc hỗn hợp, với điều kiện trong quá khứ (“had met”) và kết quả ảnh hưởng tới hiện tại (“would be friends”). Nếu chúng tôi đã gặp cô ấy, bây giờ chúng tôi đã là bạn.

7. If you had followed the instructions, the device would work.

=> Giải thích: Câu này kết hợp quá khứ hoàn thành với hiện tại điều kiện, chỉ rằng việc không làm theo hướng dẫn (“had followed”) đã dẫn đến việc thiết bị không hoạt động hiện tại (“would work”).

8. If she had taken the medicine, she would not be sick now.

=> Giải thích: Câu này sử dụng cấu trúc hỗn hợp để nói về một hành động trong quá khứ (“had taken”) có ảnh hưởng đến tình trạng hiện tại (“would not be sick”).

9. If they had saved money, they would be able to buy a new house now.

=> Giải thích: Câu này cũng sử dụng cấu trúc hỗn hợp, với quá khứ (“had saved”) ảnh hưởng đến khả năng hiện tại (“would be able to buy”).

10. If he had practiced the speech, he would be confident now.

=> Giải thích: Câu này kết hợp hành động trong quá khứ (“had practiced”) với tình trạng hiện tại (“would be confident”), chỉ ra rằng sự chuẩn bị trước đã có thể mang lại sự tự tin hiện tại.

Bài 27: Choose the correct answer to complete the following sentences

1. If you had taken the advice I gave you last year, you ……… much happier now.

A. would be

B. would have been

C. will be

D. are

2. If she were more attentive during her training sessions, she ……… injured last week.

A. wouldn’t have been

B. wouldn’t be

C. won’t be

D. hadn’t been

3. If he hadn’t lost his job last month, he ……… struggling so much right now.

A. will not be

B. wouldn’t have been

C. wouldn’t have

D. wouldn’t be

4. If I knew how to solve these complex problems, I ……… the project on time.

A. would have finished

B. would finish

C. will finish

D. had finished

5. If the team hadn’t underestimated their opponents, they ……… in a better position in the league.

A. will be

B. would have been

C. would be 

D. are

6. If you took your health more seriously, you ……… in the hospital last month.

A. wouldn’t have been

B. wouldn’t be

C. will not be

D. wouldn’t have

7. If she had prepared more thoroughly for her exams, she ……… failing her courses.

A. wouldn’t be

B. wouldn’t have been

C. will not be

D. would not have been

8. If I were more financially stable, I ……… that investment last year.

A. would have made

B. would make

C. will make

D. had made

9. If they had practiced more diligently, they ……… much better in today’s performance.

A. would perform

B. would have performed

C. would be performing

D. had performed

10. If he understood the importance of the meeting, he ……… so casual about missing it.

A. wouldn’t have been

B. wouldn’t be

C. will not be

D. hadn’t been

Đáp án:

Bài 28: Tìm lỗi sai và sửa.

1. If there was a ban on cigarette, less people would smoke cigarette.

2. If the tax rate on junk food had increased, people would likely to prefer making food at home.

3. If schools administered with any teachers, disorder would arise.

4. If uncensored commercials had been banned, the crime rate would be seized from rising.

5. If computers replaced teachers in the classroom, learning would have been less effective.

Đáp án: 

1. If there was were a ban on cigarette, less people would smoke cigarette.

2. If the tax rate on junk food had increased, people would likely to prefer making food at home.

3. If schools were not administered with by any teachers, disorder would arise.

4. If uncensored commercials had been banned, the crime rate would behave been seized from rising.

5. If computers replaced teachers in the classroom, learning would have beenbe less effective.

Bài 29: Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. If they had gone for a walk, they ……………………. the lights off.

A. had turned

B. would have turn

C. would turn

D. would have turned

2. Would you mind if I ……………………. the window?

A. closed

B. closing

C. had closed

D. would close

3. If you had tried your best, you ……………………. disappointed about the result now.

A. won’t be

B. wouldn’t be

C. wouldn’t have      

D. wouldn’t have been

4. If I had enough money, ……………………..

A. I will buy that house.

B. I’d have bought that house.

C. I could buy that house.

D. I can buy that house.

5. I didn’t listen to him and I didn’t succeed.

A. If I listened to him, I would have succeeded.

B. If I had listened to him, I’d have succeeded.

C. If I had listened to him, I would succeed.

D. If I listened to him, I would succeed.

6. ……………………., he would not have had the accident yesterday.

A. If Peter driven more carefully

B. If had Peter driven more carefully

C. Had Peter driven more carefully

D. If Peter not had driven more carefully

7. ……………………. I rich, I would help you.

A. Were

B. Was

C. Am

D. Been  

8.……………………. you run into Peter, tell him to call me.

A. Are

B. Should

C. Been

D. Will

9. Had I known her, I……………………. friend with her.

A. make

B. would make

C. will make

D. would have made

10. Were I……………………. learn Russian, I would read a Russian book.

A. to 

B. for

C. in

D. with

11. I’ll help you if ……………………..

A. you told me the truth.

B. you tell me the truth.

C. you will tell me the truth.

D. you have told me the truth.

12. I have to work tomorrow morning, so I can’t meet you.

A.  If I don’t have to work tomorrow morning, I can meet you.

 B. If I didn’t have to work tomorrow morning, I could meet you.

C. I could meet you if I don’t have to work tomorrow morning.

D. I can meet you if I didn’t have to work tomorrow morning.

13. You drink too much coffee, that's why you can't sleep.

A. If you drank less coffee, you would be able to sleep.

B. You drink much coffee and you can sleep.

C. You wouldn’t sleep well if you hadn't drink any coffee.

D. You can sleep better without coffee.

14. If I had time, I  …………………….  shopping with you.

A. went

B. will go

C. would go

D. would have gone

15. If my father  …………………….  me up, I'll take the bus home.

A. doesn’t pick

B. don’t pick

C. not pick

D. picks

Đáp án: 

1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C, 5-B, 6C, 7-A, 8-B, 9-D, 10-A, 11-B, 12-B, 13-A, 14-C, 15-A. 

Bài 30: Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng câu điều kiện.

1. I didn’t know that you were in the hospital yesterday, so I didn’t visit you.

→ If ……………

2. Hurry up or you will be late for school.

→ If ……………

3. My mother is very busy, so she can’t help me now.

→ If ……………

4. Lan didn’t call me because she didn’t know my phone number.

→ If ……………

5. You’re unhealthy because you don’t take exercise.

→ If ……………

6. He didn't study his lessons very carefully, so he gets bad marks now.

→ If ……………

7. Leon often causes accidents because he drives carelessly.

→ If ……………

8. I can’t apply for that job because I don’t know English.

→ If ……………

9. Lien is overweight because she eats too much chocolate.

→ If ……………

10. His father often punishes him for his laziness.

→ If ……………

Đáp án: 

1. If I had known that you were in the hospital yesterday, I would have visited you

2. If you don’t hurry up, you will be late for school

3. If my mother weren’t busy, she could help me now.

4. If Lan had known my phone number, she would have called me.

5. If you took exercise, you would be healthy.

6. If he had studied his lessons very carefully, he would get good marks now.

7. If Mr. Leon drove carefully, he wouldn’t cause accidents

8. If I knew English, I could apply for that job.

9. If Ms. Lien ate less chocolate, she wouldn’t be overweight.

10. If he weren’t lazy, his father wouldn’t punish him.

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