Câu điều kiện loại 2 (Second Conditional) | Định nghĩa, cấu trúc ngữ pháp, cách dùng, bài tập vận dụng
Câu điều kiện là câu diễn tả 1 sự việc, hành động sẽ xảy ra trong trường hợp một sự việc, hành động khác xảy ra.
- Câu điều kiện gồm hai phần: Một phần nêu lên điều kiện của hành động và một phần còn lại nêu kết quả của hành động đó, hay còn gọi là mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện (thường bắt đầu với if) và mệnh đề chính (chứa will/ would)
- Mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện thì luôn đi liền sau từ if
Câu điều kiện loại 2 là loại câu dùng để mô tả một hành động/sự việc/tình huống có thể sẽ không xảy ra ở tương lai dựa vào một điều kiện nhất định không có thật trong hiện tại.
Ví dụ:
→ “Tôi” không thể nào trở thành “bạn” được nên đây là câu điều kiện loại 2.
Câu điều kiện thường sẽ có 2 mệnh đề, trong đó mệnh đề If chia ở thì quá khứ đơn (Past Simple tense) và mệnh đề chính là would đi kèm động từ nguyên mẫu.
| Mệnh đề If | Mệnh đề chính |
|
If + S + V-ed (If + Thì quá khứ đơn) |
S + would/could/should + V-inf |
E.g: If it rained, you would get wet. (Nếu trời mưa, bạn sẽ bị ướt)
= You would get wet if it rained. (Bạn sẽ bị ướt nếu trời mưa.)
E.g: If I were you, I would give up smoking.
Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ bỏ hút thuốc.
I would give up smoking if I were you.
Tôi sẽ bỏ hút thuốc nếu tôi là bạn.
Chú ý: Thông thường người bản xứ thường dùng động từ tobe là “were” cho tất cả các ngôi thay vì dùng “was”. Ví dụ:
Câu điều kiện loại 2 dùng để mô tả một hành động/tình huống/sự việc có thể sẽ không thể xảy ra trong tương lai; hoặc đưa ra một điều giả tưởng nào đó tưởng tượng về một thể giới khác, một cuộc sống khác của bạn hay những người xung quanh. Ví dụ:
Hành động “mua nhà” có thể sẽ không xảy ra được trong tương lai, bởi vì hiện tại John không giàu có.
Việc Jenny từ bỏ công việc sẽ không xảy ra trong tương lại, bởi vì thực ra Jenny không thắng giải nhất.
Câu điều kiện loại 2 còn dùng để khuyên bảa, đưa ra một lời khuyên hoặc được dùng khi bạn cần xin người khác lời khuyên. Ví dụ:
Câu điều kiện loại 2 được dùng để dưa ra một yêu cầu, lời đề nghị lịch sự cho ai đó.
Ví dụ:
Bạn có thể sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 2 để đưa ra lý do vì sao bạn không thể làm gì hay từ chối một đề nghị của ai đó.
Ví dụ:
*Lưu ý: Các cấu trúc biến thể trên đều có thể đảo được mệnh đề If ra phía sau mệnh đề chính, các bạn nhớ là phải bỏ dấu phẩy đi nhé.
Ngoài việc đảo 2 mệnh đề, trong câu điều kiện loại 2, bạn cũng có thể sử dụng đảo ngữ theo các cấu trúc như sau:
E.g.: If I go out, I would bring an umbrella with me. (Nếu tôi ra ngoài, tôi sẽ mang theo cây dù với tôi.)
= Were I to go out, I would bring an umbrella with me.
Were + S + Noun / Adjective, S + would/could/might + V-bare
E.g.: If I were you, I would tell the truth. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ nói sự thật.)
= Were I you, I would tell the truth.
*Lưu ý:
| Biến thể mệnh đề chính | Ví dụ |
| If + Thì quá khứ đơn, S + would/could/might/had to… + be + V-ing |
|
| If + Thì quá khứ đơn, Thì quá khứ đơn |
|
| Biến thể mệnh đề If | Ví dụ |
| If + Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn, S + would/could + V-inf |
|
| If + Thì quá khứ hoàn thành, S + would/could + V-inf |
|
Ex1: Chọn từ điền vào chỗ trống
1. If Jenny (were/was/would be) ____ rich, she (will try/would try/tried) ____ to help the poor people.
2. What (would Anna do/will Anna do/did Anna do) ____ if she (see/would see/saw) ____ a spider in her shoes?
3. If John (was/would be/were) ____ you, he (asked/would ask/will ask) ____ for the answer to this question.
4. If Sara (finded/would find/found) ____ money in the street, she (would take/took/taked) ____ it to the police.
5. If Peter (were/was/would be) ____ a color, he (is/would be/were) ____ orange.
6. Jenny (were/would be/will be) ____ terrified if she (saw/see/would see) ____ tigers in the zoo.
Đáp án
1. were/would try
2. would you do/saw
3. were/would ask
4. found/would take
5. were/would be
6. would be/saw
Ex 2: Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
1. If I ________ a car, I ________ to school. (HAVE, DRIVE)
2. If she ________ foreign languages, she ________ a job more easily. (SPEAK, GET)
3. I ________ to the doctor if I ________ you. (GO, BE)
4. If I ________ the lottery, I ________ myself for a new life. (WIN, PREPARE)
5. If I ________ a purse on the sidewalk, I ________ it to the lost and found office. (FIND, TAKE)
6. If I ________ my own car, I ________ to take the bus to work every day. (HAVE, NOT HAVE)
7. Jane ________ very happy if someone ________ her a job. (BE, OFFER)
8. If she ________ a mouse, she ________. (SEE, PANIC)
9. If my dad ________ more, we _____________ our holidays abroad. (EARN, SPEND)
10. She ________ so much if she ________ smoking. (NOT COUGH, STOP)
Đáp án
1. If I had a car, I would drive to school.
2. If she spoke foreign languages, she would get a job more easily.
3. I would go to the doctor if I were you.
4. If I won the lottery, I would prepare myself for a new life.
5. If I found a purse on the sidewalk, I would take it to the lost and found office.
6. If I had my own car, I wouldn’t have to take the bus to work every day.
7. Jane would be very happy if someone offered her a job.
8. If she saw a mouse, she would panic.
9. If my dad earned more, we would spend our holidays abroad.
10. She wouldn’t cough so much if she stopped smoking.
Ex 3: Chia động từ trong câu
1. If Anna (start) ____ at once, she (arrive) ____ there in the afternoon.
2. Jenny (be) ____ sick if she (eat) ____ all these ice cream.
3. If John (lose) ____ his glasses, he (not be) able to read. 4
4. If the weather (get) ____ warmer, Sara (buy) ____a new dress.
Đáp án
1. started/would arrive
2. would be/ate
3. lost/wouldn´t be
4. got/would buy
Ex 4: Điền dạng đúng của các câu điều kiện loại 2 sau
1. If I ______(be) you, I ______(buy) flowers to give her.
2. If my grandfather ______(be) younger, he ______(travel) to Japan.
3. If you ______(agree) to tag along with me, I ______(not be) upset.
4. If Sarah ______(earn) enough money, she ______(pay) off all of the debts.
5. He ______(be) extremely happy if his girlfriend ______(accept) his proposal.
6. ______ (you/buy) a house if you ______(live) in Vietnam?
7. If Tung and Long ______(be) older, they ______(play) in our football team.
8. If Jackson ______(be) my friend, I ______(invite) him to my birthday party.
9. If Nam ______(get) more pocket money, he ______(ask) Hong out for dinner.
10. If they ______(win) the lottery, they ______(fly) to Osaka.
11. If I ______(meet) Black Pink, I ______(ask) for their autograph.
12. Johnson ______(not feel) lonely all the time if he ______(live) with others.
13. My dad ______(be) healthier if he ______(not smoke).
14. It ______(be) great if she ______(trust) me.
15. If I ______(not speak) Chinese, ______(you/understand) me?
Đáp án
1. were – would buy
2. were – would travel
3. agreed – wouldn’t be
4. earned – would pay
5. would be – accepted
6. Would you buy – lived
7. were – would play
8. were – would invite
9. got – would ask
10. won – would fly
11. met – would ask
12. wouldn't feel – lived
13. would be – didn't smoke
14. would be – trusted
15. didn't speak – would you understand
Ex 5: Điền dạng đúng của các câu điều kiện loại 2 sau
1. If we ______(win) the prize, we ______(travel) to visit Eiffel Tower.
2. If my father ______(have) a high-paying job, my family ______(be) better a lot.
3. You ______(have) a good job promotion if you ______(get) an IELTS degree.
4. Her family ______(be) on holiday if the weather ______(not be) too cold.
5. If I ______(be) you, I ______(take) a course at that language center.
6. If your sister ______(water) her plants regularly, they ______(not die) so easily.
7. If my brother ______(get) up early, he ______(not get) stuck in traffic jams.
8. Karik ______(not have) dark circles under his eyes if he ______(go) to bed at 10 p.m every day.
9. We ______(not be) late again if we ______(not travel) by bus.
10. If you ______(eat) more, you ______(gain) the weight.
11. If I ______(be) you, I ______(meet) him at a coffee shop.
12. They ______(see) each other often if they ______(live) closer.
13. If it ______(not rain), Jimmy ______(go) to work on time.
14. If I ______(be) more careful, I ______(not make) that stupid mistake.
15. My parents ______(feel) less stressed if they ______(know) how to balance life and work.
Đáp án
1. won – would travel
2. had – would be
3. would have – got
4. would be – wasn't
5. were – would take
6. watered – wouldn't die
7. got – wouldn't get
8. would have – went
9. wouldn't be – didn't travel
10. ate – would gain
11. were – would meet
12. would see – lived
13. didn't rain – would go
14. were – wouldn't make
15. would feel – knew
Ex 6: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai trong các câu sau.
1. Loren won’t be lost if he bought a city map.
2. If Sam talks about her problems, she would feel much better.
3. If they borrowed books from libraries early, they will save more money.
4. If I are you, I would go to the party with Jean.
5. If I met BTS, I will take a picture with them.
6. I will feel delighted if I went out with you.
7. If I has won the lottery, I would be a millionaire.
8. If I was rich, I would quit my job.
9. I would travel around the world if I will quit my job.
10. I buy anything I want if I got that jackpot.
11. I would have bought the most expensive car if I wanted.
12. If I traveled somewhere, I will stay in the most luxurious hotels.
13. Were you take that music class, you could play the piano.
14. Where has you chosen if you traveled around the world?
15. If I lived in America for 2 years, my English had improved.
16. She won’t talk to you if she were mad at you.
17. You would become ill if you has forgot your jacket.
Đáp án
1. won't be lost -> wouldn't be lost
2. talks -> talked
3. will save -> would save
4. are -> were
5. will take -> would take
6. will feel -> would feel
7. has won -> won
8. was -> were
9. will quit -> quit
10. buy -> would buy
11. would have bought -> would buy
12. will stay -> would stay
13. take -> to take
14. has you chosen -> would you choose
15. had improved -> would improve
16. won’t talk -> wouldn’t talk
17. has forgot -> forgot
Ex 7: Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 2 viết lại câu
1. My boss doesn’t let me take a rest. I feel exhausted now.
2. I’m not going to buy this car for you because it wastes too much money.
3. The weather is not good today. We can’t go out for a walk.
4. They don’t tell her the truth. She is very upset now.
5. I don’t know Ronald’s address so I can’t send him the party invitation.
6. I’m not going to buy that car because it’s too expensive.
7. She doesn’t go out very often because she can’t walk without help.
8. He is weak but he doesn’t play sports.
9. We can’t go out for dinner because it’s raining.
10. I can’t see you this Monday because I have to work.
Đáp án
1. If my boss let me take a rest, I wouldn't feel exhausted now.
2. If this car didn't waste too much money, I would buy it for you.
3. If the weather were good today, we could go out for a walk.
4. If they told her the truth, she wouldn't be upset now.
5. If I knew Ronald's address, I could send him the party invitation.
6. I would buy that car if it weren't too expensive.
7. She would go out very often if she could walk with help.
8. If he played sports, he wouldn't be weak.
9. We would go out for dinner if it weren't raining.
10. If I didn't have to work, I could see you this Monday.
Ex 8: Chọn đáp án đúng A, B hoặc C
1. I ………. (call) him if I ………. (have) his number.
A. called – had
B. would call – had
C. would call – have
2. If we ………. (have) time, we ………. (come) to the party.
A. had – would come
B. had – will come
C. had – came
3. They ………. (have) more money if they ………. (not buy) those shoes.
A. would have – didn’t buy
B. would have – don’t buy
C. had – don’t buy
4. If we ………. (decide) to stay here, we ………. (have) more time for each other.
A. decided – had
B. decided – will have
C. decided – would have
5. If we ………. (talk) with her, she ………. (be) very happy.
A. talked – will be
B. talked – would be
C. talked – was
6. If I were you, I ………. (not drink) wine.
A. wouldn’t drink
B. won’t drink
C. didn’t drink
7. If she ………. (live) in Vietnam, she ………. (speak) Vietnamese fluently.
A. lived – would speak
B. lived – spoke
C. lived – will speak
8. They ………. (have) the trophy if they ………. (win) the match.
A. had – won
B. will have – won
C. would have – won
9. If she ………. (shave) her head, her parents ………. (be) mad.
A. shaved – would be
B. shaved – will be
C. shaved – were
10. If I ………. (have) my wallet stolen, I ………. (call) the police.
A. had – called
B. had – will call
C. had – would call
11. What ………. (she/do) if she ………. (fail) the exam?
A. did she do – failed
B. will she do – failed
C. would she do – failed
12. If you ………. (do) exercise, you ………. (not be) ill.
A. did – won’t be
B. did – wouldn’t be
C. did – weren’t
13. Where ………. (you/go) if you ………. (travel) around the world?
A. would you go – traveled
B. would go – traveled
C. will you go – traveled
14. If they ………. (live) in Vietnam for 10 years, their Vietnamese ……….(improve).
A. lived – will improve
B. lived – would improve
C. lived – improved
15. If David ………. (act) more nicely, more people ………. (like) him.
A. acted – liked
B. acted – will like
C. acted – would like
Đáp án
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. A
8. C
9. C
10. C
11. C
12. B
13. A
14. B
15. C
Ex 9: Đảo lại trật tự từ để làm thành câu hoàn chỉnh
1. harder,/ If/ test/ I/ pass/ studied/ the/ would/ the/ I.
⇒ .…………………………………………………………………
2. if/ travel/ She/ had/ the/ more/ would/ world/ money/ she.
⇒ .…………………………………………………………………
3. in/ If/ we/ for/ a/ rain/ could/ it/ walk/ the/ rained,/ go.
⇒ .…………………………………………………………………
4. accomplish/ could/ were/ they/ more/ in/ organized,/ if/ they/ a/ day/ more/ they.
⇒ .…………………………………………………………………
5. with/ happier/ he/ be/ spent/ family/ time/ his/ if/ He/ more/ would.
⇒ .…………………………………………………………………
6. pursue/ free/ I/ might/ I/ hobby/ had/ a/ new/ more/ time,/ If.
⇒ .…………………………………………………………………
7. goals/ they/ achieve/ harder/ would/ if/ worked/ They/ their.
⇒ .…………………………………………………………………
8. reach/ If/ shelf,/ taller,/ I/ the/ top/ could/ were/ I.
⇒ .…………………………………………………………………
9. had/ issues,/ they/ better/ communication,/ might/ resolve/ If/ their/ they.
⇒ .…………………………………………………………………
10. a/ large/ were/ perform/ in/ skilled/ audiences,/ I/ musician,/ front/ I/ could/ of/ Were/ the.
⇒ .…………………………………………………………………
Đáp án
1. If I studied harder, I would pass the test.
2. She would travel the world if she had more money.
3. If it rained, we could go for a walk in the rain.
4. If they were more organized, they could accomplish more in a day.
5. He would be happier if he spent more time with his family.
6. If I had more free time, I might pursue a new hobby.
7. They would achieve their goals if they worked harder.
8. If I were taller, I could reach the top shelf.
9. If they had better communication, they might resolve their issues.
10. Were I a skilled musician, I could perform in front of large audiences.
Ex 10: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai trong những câu sau
1. If I will have more money, I will buy a new car.
2. If you came to the party, I would introduce you to my friends.
3. If she studied harder, she could to pass the exam.
4. Were you be here, we could go to the beach together.
5. If I were you, I will take the job.
Đáp án
1. If I had more money, I would buy a new car.
2. If you come to the party, I will introduce you to my friends.
3. If she studied harder, she could pass the exam.
4. Were you here, we could go to the beach together.
5. If I were you, I would take the job.
Xem thêm các tài liệu Tiếng Anh hay, chi tiết khác:
TOP Việc làm "HOT" dành cho sinh viên:
Đăng nhập để có thể bình luận
1900.com.vn tổng hợp và giới thiệu bài viết về Describe A Website On The Internet That You Use Regularly bao gồm: Đề bài, bài mẫu Speaking Part 2, 3, giúp bạn ôn luyện và đạt kết quả cao trong bài thi Tiếng Anh.
1900.com.vn tổng hợp bài viết về Describe a traditional product in your country bao gồm: đề bài, bài mẫu Speaking Part 3. Từ đó giúp bạn học tốt và đạt điểm cao trong bài thi Tiếng Anh.
1900.com.vn tổng hợp bài viết về Topic: Petrol price increase | Bài mẫu IELTS Writing Task 2 giúp bạn nắm vững kiến thức và đạt điểm cao trong bài thi Tiếng Anh.