Describe a beautiful city | Bài mẫu IELTS Speaking Part 2+3
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Cấu trúc Ought to | Định nghĩa, cách dùng, phân biệt Ought to và Should, Must,.. + bài tập vận dụng
Ought to là một động từ khuyết thiếu, mang nghĩa giống với Should là “nên”.
Ví dụ:
S+ ought to + V-inf: nên
Ví dụ:
S + ought not to + V- inf: không nên làm gì…
Ví dụ:
Ở trong cách sử dụng đầu tiên, ought được dùng khi người nói muốn nhắc đến một hành động, sự việc đáng lẽ phải xảy ra nhưng không làm. Ý nghĩa của cấu trúc này giống với should.
Cấu trúc:
S + ought (not) to + V nguyên thể
Ví dụ:
Chúng ta dùng cấu trúc Ought to để nói về suy luận/kết luận về một vấn đề nào đó hoặc đưa ra đề xuất.
Ví dụ:
Cấu trúc Ought to dạng câu hỏi thường ít được sử dụng. Trong văn phong giao tiếp thông thường, người ta thường sử dụng cấu trúc có nghĩa tương tự như “thing … ought to” để mang tính trang trọng hơn.
Cấu trúc:
Ought + subject + to + V nguyên thể?
Ví dụ:
Cấu trúc Ought to không có dạng ở quá khứ, nhưng để nói về lẽ ra nên/không nên làm trong quá khứ thì chúng ta có thể sử dụng cấu trúc sau:
Cấu trúc:
S + ought (not) to have + quá khứ phân từ
Ví dụ:
Cấu trúc Ought to nhấn mạnh hành động cần thiết phải làm hơn, có tính bắt buộc hơn cấu trúc Should. Vì thế khi nói về bổn phận, nhiệm vụ ta thường sử dụng Ought to, còn Should thường được sử dụng khi đưa ra đề xuất.
Ví dụ:
Đặc biệt những lời khuyên với chủ ngữ “I”, chúng ta luôn luôn dùng “should” thay vì “ought to”.
Ví dụ:
Cấu trúc Should thường được dùng ở câu hỏi phổ biến hơn Ought to, đặc biệt với loại câu hỏi “wh-” (wh- questions).
Ví dụ:
Cấu trúc Ought to không sử dụng trong câu điều kiện nhưng Should thì có.
Ví dụ:
Had better sử dụng cho lời khuyên tại tình huống cụ thể, sắc thái nhấn mạnh hơn Ought to và Should.
Chúng ta dùng Had better để diễn đạt cho sự khẩn cấp, trong các câu yêu cầu hoặc đe dọa/cảnh báo. Ngoài ra, không dùng Had better để nói về sự việc quá khứ hay đưa ra các nhận xét chung.
Ví dụ:
Cấu trúc Must mang hàm ý bắt buộc phải làm, trong khi cấu trúc Ought to và Should là lời khuyên hoặc đề xuất nhẹ nhàng hơn:
Khi đưa ra lời khuyên chúng ta có thể dùng cả Should/Ought to/Must, tuy nhiên “must” mang nghĩa nhấn mạnh hơn. Bạn có thể thấy rõ qua ví dụ:
Khi cần nói đến một bổn phận bắt buộc không thể còn sự lựa chọn nào khác, chung ta dùng Have to. Bên cạnh đó khi muốn đưa ra lời khuyên hay yêu cầu thì ta dùng “ought to”:
→ Trong câu này, bạn không có sự lựa chọn nào vì đây là điều bắt buộc. phải làm.
→ Trong câu này bạn có sự lựa chọn nghe theo lời khuyên người nói hay là không.
Ex 1: Viết lại câu sử dụng ought to mà vẫn giữ nguyên nghĩa của câu.
1. You should tell her the truth about everything.
2. He should go to the hospital for a checkup.
3. You should study hard because at the end of this month we will have an exam.
4. You should apologize to him.
5. You should clearly define your goals.
6. He should be more focused at work.
7. You should listen when others have suggestions.
8. You should change your mind to find the problem.
9. She should confess to get leniency.
10. You should spend wisely.
Đáp án:
1. You ought to tell her the truth about everything.
2. He ought to go to the hospital for a checkup.
3. You ought to study hard because at the end of this month we will have an exam.
4. You ought to apologize to him.
5. You ought to clearly define your goals.
6. He ought to be more focused at work.
7. You ought to listen when others have suggestions.
8. You ought to change your mind to find the problem.
9. She ought to confess to get leniency.
10. You ought to spend wisely.
Ex 2: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. Daisy can’t imagine what’s happened to Anna. Anna ___ be here by now.
2. ___ John at home?
3. A: I think that the mark my teacher gave me on this test is wrong.
B: You ___ to her after class today.
4. Anna’s father isn’t feeling well, so she told him that he ___ to the doctor.
5. Jenny loves sweets, but she ___ too much or she will get fat.
6. A mother needs help, doctor. Her baby doesn’t sleep well. What ___ ?
Đáp án
1. ought to
2. should I ring
3. had better bring
4. ought to go
5. shouldn’t eat
6. should I do
Ex 3: Điền dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc
1. She … stay at home. (ought)
2. I believe my father should … smoking. (stop)
3. My brother ought … waste all his time playing online games. (not)
4. He ought … his homework today. (finish)
5. He … stay up too late. (ought/not)
6. She … wait until his parents come back. (should)
7. My teacher … to listen to the ideas of those students. (ought)
8. She … spend more time reading the document. (should)
9. The house … to be built this year. (ought)
10. There … some bottles on the table. (should)
11. There … to be some chairs over there. (ought/ not)
12. I believe the school … reconstructed next year. (should)
Đáp án
1. Ought to
2. Stop
3. Not to
4. To finish
5. Ought not to
6. Should
7. Ought
8. Should
9. Ought
10. Should be
11. Ought not
12. Should be
Ex 4: Điền Model verb đúng vào chỗ trống
1. When we were at school we ____________ wear a uniform.
2. You ____________ be an expert to use the basic functions of program.
3. You _____________to tell her that you are sorry.
4. We _____________go to the meeting. Why didn’t you go?
5. I _____________wear glasses, I still can see perfectly well.
6. We went to bed right after dinner because we __________ get up early the following day.
7. We _____________ go for a drink one day.
8. You ______________ take any money. It wasn’t necessary.
Đáp án
1. had to
2. don’t have to
3. have got to (instead of have to in informal English)
4. had to
5. don’t have to
6. had to
7. must
8. didn’t have to
Ex 5: Hoàn thiện các câu sau với dạng đúng của các từ cho trước (lưu ý rằng 'ought to' trang trọng hơn 'should')
can / could / must / mustn’t / should / shouldn’t / have to / don’t have to / ought to / ought not to / were able to
Example: Are you any good at athletics? How fast can you run?
1. The advice from the health committee is that all people with symptoms ___________go to the doctor.
2. This is a non-smoking area, you ____________smoke here.
3. I hate big multinational companies. I think they __________pay more taxes.
4. When she was 4 years old, she _________ read perfectly well.
5. I ___________get up early tomorrow; I want to go running very early.
6. You __________ eat so many sweats. They are bad for you.
7. We ____________ wear a tie at work. I hate it!
8. The board agreed that employers ___________ have access to an employee’s medical file.
9. There was a lot of traffic, but fortunately we __________ arrive on time.
10. I’m not working tomorrow, so I __________ get up early.
Đáp án
1. ought to (should is also possible)
2. mustn’t
3. should (ought to is also possible)
4. could
5. must
6. shouldn’t (ought not to is also possible)
7. have to
8. ought not to (shouldn’t is also possible)
9. were able to
10. don’t have to
Ex 6: Phân biệt Should và Ought to để điền từ phù hợp vào chỗ trống
1. Jenny ______eat breakfast regularly.
2. John ______study tonight, but he thinks he’ll watch TV instead.
3. Kathy has got a toothache. Perhaps she ….. see a dentist.
4. Anna ______ write the essays today.
5. Jenny ______ drink a lot of water every day.
6. It’s cold. Daisy ______ turn on the fan.
7. _______ eat plenty of fruit or vegetables in order to keep healthy.
8. Peter _______ spend more time reading the data.
9. Anna’s house _______ to be built this year.
10.There _______ some pens on the table.
11. There _______ to be some benches over there. (not)
12. Harry believes his school _______ reconstructed next year.
Đáp án
1. should
2. ought to
3. should
4. ought to
5. ought to
6. should
7. should
8. should
9. ought
10. should be
11. ought not
12. should be
Ex 7: Điền vào chỗ trống ought to hoặc should sao cho phù hợp
1. You _________eat breakfast regularly.
2. I ____________study tonight, but I think I’ll watch TV instead.
3. You have got a toothache. Perhaps you ….. see a dentist.
4. You ______ write them today.
5. You_____________ drink a lot of water every day.
6. It’s cold. You__________ turn on the fan.
7. You___________ eat plenty of fruit or vegetables every day in order to keep healthy.
Đáp án
1. should
2. ought to
3. should
4. ought to
5. ought to
6. should
7. should
Ex 8: Viết lại câu giữ nguyên nghĩ bằng cách sử dụng Ought to
1. He should be more focused at work.
2. You should listen when your mom has suggestions.
3. You should change your mind to find the solution.
4. She should confess to get leniency.
5. You should spend your time wisely.
Đáp án
1. He ought to be more focused at work.
2. You ought to listen when your mom has suggestions.
3. You ought to change your mind to find the solution.
4. She ought to confess to get leniency.
5. You ought to spend your time wisely.
Ex 9: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. You should visit them.
a. could
b. ought to
c. must
2. You mustn’t use the swimming pool before 10. Choose TWO correct options
a. aren’t allowed to
b. don’t have to
c. can’t
3. We have to clean our room every day.
a. ought to
b. should
c. ‘ve got to
4. You must come and see this. Choose TWO correct options
a. ‘ve got to
b. can
c. have to
5. You mustn’t arrive late. Choose TWO correct options
a. aren’t allowed to
b. don’t have to
c. can’t
6. You shouldn’t go so fast. It’s a bit dangerous.
a. ought not to
b. mustn’t
c. don’t have to
7.Do I have to go to the meeting with them?
a. Must I
b. Can’t I
c. Am I allowed to
8. I have to get up early.
a. should
b. have got to
c. should
9. You mustn’t take that elevator. It’s only for staff. Choose TWO correct options
a. can’t
b. aren’t allowed to
c. don’t have to
10. We aren’t allowed to play outside under any circumstances.
a. ought not to
b. mustn’t
c. shouldn’t
Đáp án
1. B
2. C
3. C
4. A – C
5. A – C
6. A
7. A
8. B
9. A – B
10. B
Ex 10: Điền Model verb đúng vào chỗ trống
1. What are you doing? You ________________be here!
2. We ____________________talk to each other because it was an exam.
3. You ________________ turn off your mobile phone on a plane.
4. You____________ have to drive. You can catch a train.
5. You_____________ go swimming after a big dinner.
6. Did you ____________ to study Latin at school?
7. You ___________ to take an umbrella. It’s raining.
8. I think we _____________ go now. It’s late.
Đáp án
1. must not
2. weren’t allowed to
3. must
4. don’t
5. shouldn’t
6. ought
7. don’t
8. have
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