Have/get something done | Định nghĩa, cấu trúc, cách dùng và bài tập vận dụng
Trong ngữ pháp tiếng Anh, cấu trúc Have/get something done là dạng câu bị động, được dùng khi ta muốn nhờ vả hay được người nào đó làm việc gì cho mình. Bạn có thể sử dụng động từ have hay get cho cấu trúc này đều được, nhưng get thì sẽ thường được dùng trong ngữ cảnh thân thiện (informal) giữa bạn bè, người thân quen hơn.
E.g.: John is going to have his car serviced. (John sắp bảo dưỡng của anh ấy.)
⇒ John không tự mình bảo dưỡng xe, anh ấy sẽ đem xe đến tiệm để bảo dưỡng.
Jena got her hair cut yesterday. (Jena đã đi cắt tóc vào ngày hôm qua.)
⇒ Jena không tự cắt tóc, cô ấy đến tiệm để cắt tóc.
S + have/get + sth + V3 + … (+ by somebody)
Lưu ý, have/get sẽ được chia thì theo ngữ cảnh của câu. Khi sử dụng cấu trúc have something done, các động từ ở V3 – thì quá khứ phân từ (ví dụ: cut/serviced/…) sẽ được đặt phía sau tân ngữ (ví dụ: his car, her hair…)
Ngoài ra, ta có thể chuyển thành câu phủ định hoặc câu nghi vấn bằng cách thay đổi từ “have”, ví dụ như:
Ta sẽ dùng cấu trúc Have/get something done khi:
Khi ta muốn thể hiện sự nhờ vả, thì cấu trúc Have/get something done sẽ được dùng và thường nhằm nhấn mạnh quá trình/ hành động hơn là người thực hiện công việc.
E.g.: Our neighbours are having their house built. (Hàng xóm của chúng tôi đang xây nhà của họ.)
⇒ Hàng xóm không tự xây, mà là thợ xây, nhưng ở đây có thể không cần thêm danh tính người xây vào.
We get sushi delivered by the restaurant if we don’t feel like going out. (Chúng tôi nhận sushi do nhà hàng giao nếu chúng tôi không muốn đi ra ngoài.)
Ngoài việc thể hiện sự nhờ vả, thì cấu trúc Have something done sẽ được dùng khi có điều gì xấu xảy ra, nhất là khi người nào đó bị ảnh hưởng tiêu cực từ hành động do người khác gây ra (ví dụ: trộm, làm hư đồ,…). Với trường hợp này ta không dùng get.
E.g.: Jeremy had his wallet stolen. (Jeremy bị đánh cắp ví.)
Claude has his nose broken when he was playing volleyball. (Claude bị gãy mũi khi chơi bóng chuyền.)
Cấu trúc này là thể chủ động Have someone do something, được dùng khi ta muốn hướng dẫn hay hỏi ai đó làm cái gì.
S + (have) + someone + V-infinitive + something…
E.g.: I had James repair my laptop last week. (Tôi đã nhờ James sửa chữa máy tính xách tay của tôi vào tuần trước.)
My grandma had me behave as a good person. (Bà tôi đã dạy cho tôi cách cư xử như một người tốt.)
Cấu trúc này diễn tả về kinh nghiệm hay sự kiện đang xảy ra dang dở, chưa thể hoàn thành được:
S + (have) + O + V-ing
E.g.: Their story had me laughing so much that I cannot stop. (Câu chuyện của họ đã làm tôi cười rất nhiều tới độ không dừng được.)
Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành các câu sử dụng dạng đúng của Have something done và các từ trong ngoặc. Sử dụng các cơn co thắt nếu có thể.
1. We usually _____________ (the bedrooms / redecorate) every two years.
2. Sarah isn’t making her own wedding dress, she _____________ (it / make) by a designer in Italy.
3. _____________ (you / ever/ anything / steal) from your house?
4. He didn’t fix his car himself, he _____________ (it / fix) at the garage.
5. Your hair is too long. You need _____________ (it / cut).
6. I’m going to do my food shopping online and I _____________ (the food / deliver) to my house.
7. If you can’t see properly, you should _____________ (your eyes / test).
8. Are they going to paint the kitchen themselves, or _____________ (it / paint)?
9. We had a web designer _____________ (make / our website).
10. From now on, I’m going to have _____________ (wash / my car) more often.
Đáp án:
1. have the bedrooms redecorated
2. ‘s having it made
3. Have you ever had anything stolen
4. had it fixed
5. to have it cut
6. am going to have the food delivered
7. have your eyes tested
8. are they going to have it painted
9. made our website
10. my car washed
Bài tập 2: Rewrite these sentences using Have/get something done structure
1. I’ve made an appointment at the hairdressers for next Monday.
=> I’m ______________________________________. (my hair / cut)
2. Builders checked our roof after the storm.
=> We ______________________________________. (our roof / check)
3. Some bricklayers are building a wall for our neighbours.
=> Our neighbours are ______________________________________. (a wall / build)
4. My brother is going to the dentist next week. The dentist is going to pull my brother’s tooth out.
=> My brother is ______________________________________. (his tooth / pull out)
5. An electrician installed a burglar alarm for us in October.
=> We ______________________________________. (an alarm / install)
6. The doctors removed David’s tonsils when he was eleven.
=>David ______________________________________. (his tonsils / remove)
Đáp án:
1. I’m having my hair cut next Monday.
2. We had our roof checked after the storm.
3. Our neighbours are having a wall built.
4. My brother is having his tooth pulled out next week.
5. We had an alarm installed in October.
6. David had his tonsils removed when he was eleven.
Bài tập 3: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. I don’t have my watch. I’m _______ at the shop.
a.having to repair it
b.having it repaired
c.having it repair
d.repairing
2. We need to _______. They are really dirty.
a.have the windows clean
b.have the windows to clean
c.get to clean the windows
d.get the windows cleaned
3. I’ll get _______ my tires.
a.someone to replace
b.someone replace
c.to replace
d.someone replacing
4. I’m _______ by a local dressmaker.
a.having my dress made
b.getting to make my dress
c.having my dress make
d.making my dress
5. I _______ at the pub last night.
a.had stolen my jacket
b.got my jacket to steal
c.got my jacket stolen
d.stole my jacket
6. We _______ to our house every week.
a.have our food to delivered
b.have delivered our food
c.get to deliver our food
d.have our food delivered
7. We should _______ soon.
a.have our grass cut
b.have to cut our grass
c.got our grass to cut
d.got cut our grass
8. You should have _______ the engine.
a.a mechanic check
b.a mechanic to check
c.a mechanic checking
d.a mechanic to have checked
9. We are going to _______ before the trip.
a.have the oil to change
b.have changed the oil
c.get the oil change
d.get the oil changed
10. Please, can you _______ the tables before you leave?
a.get Tim to clean
b.have Tim cleaning
c.get Tim clean
d.have Tim clean
Đáp án
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| b | d | a | a | c | d | a | a | d | a |
Bài tập 4: Chọn đáp án thể hiện câu đúng ngữ pháp theo cấu trúc Have something done trong các câu dưới đây.
1.
A. I have fixed my computer tomorrow.
B. I will have my computer fixed tomorrow.
C. I have my computer fixed tomorrow.
2.
A. They will have their house renovated next year.
B. They will have their house to renovate next year.
C. They will renovate their house next year.
3.
A. I had my car to wash yesterday.
B. I have my car washed yesterday.
C. I had my car washed yesterday.
4.
A. We have our house painted last month.
B. We have our house to be painted last month.
C. We had our house painted last month.
5.
A. She has her nails done every week.
B. She has her nails to be done every week.
C. She has her nails to do every week.
6.
A. She has her dress made before the party.
B. She had already had her dress made before the party.
C. She had already had her dress done before the party.
7.
A. She have her passport renewed last month.
B. She had her passport renewed last month.
C. She had her passport renew last month.
8.
A. They will have their wedding photos taken next month.
B. They will have their wedding photos to be done next month.
C. They have their wedding photos taken next month.
9.
A. She is having her teeth clean by the dentist.
B. She is having cleaned her teeth by the dentist.
C. She is having her teeth cleaned by the dentist.
10.
A. They had their flight cancelled due to bad weather.
B. They had their flight was cancelled due to bad weather.
C. They had their flight done cancelled due to bad weather.
11.
A. He had his trust betray by his best friend.
B. He had his trust be betrayed by his best friend.
C. He had his trust betrayed by his best friend.
12.
A. He had his leg broken in a car accident.
B. He had his leg broke in a car accident.
C. He had his leg being broken in a car accident.
Đáp án:
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. B
11. C
12. A
Bài tập 5: Điền dạng đúng của từ vào những chỗ trống sau.
1. We had our house 01...............(paint) last month
2. I will have my car 02................ (service) next week.
3. They will get their photos 03................ (take) next month.
4. She got her wedding dress 04................ (make) by a famous designer.
5. They had their credit card information 05................ (steal) online.
6. I had my heart 06................ (break) after the breakup.
7. They got their car 07................ (tow) to the mechanic shop.
8. We got our house 08................ (inspect) before buying it.
9. I will have my dog 09................ (groom) next month.
10. She had her eyes 10................(check) last month.
Đáp án:
1. painted
2. serviced
3. taken
4. made
5. stolen
6. broken
7. towed
8. inspected
9. groomed
10. checked
Bài tập 6: Điền vào chỗ trống lỗi sai từ 1 trong các cụm được in đậm trong câu
Guide: Trong câu có các từ/cụm từ được in đậm. Bạn xác định cụm nào là lỗi sai và điền cả cụm vào chỗ trống.
0. My mother had her dress maken by a friend.
--> Lỗi sai: maken
1. I had my boyfriend to pick me up from work yesterday.
→ Lỗi sai: 01.
2. I will have a personal trainer helped me get in shape.
→ Lỗi sai: 02.
3. We had a plumber fixing the leak in our kitchen.
→ Lỗi sai: 03.
4. We will get a caterer provide food for our party.
→ Lỗi sai: 04.
5. I had my friend to help me move house.
→ Lỗi sai: 05.
6. I will get a tutor helped me with my math homework.
→ Lỗi sai: 06.
7. She got her husband fixed the leaky faucet in the bathroom.
→ Lỗi sai: 07.
8. I have my hair cutting every two months.
→ Lỗi sai: 08.
9. They had a babysitter to watch their kids while they went out for dinner.
→ Lỗi sai: 09.
10. I will get a lawyer review my contract before I sign it.
→ Lỗi sai: 10.
Đáp án:
1. to pick
2. helped
3. fixing
4. provide
5. to help
6. helped
7. fixed
8. cutting
9. to watch
10. get
Bài tập 7: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi
1. Governments worldwide are trying to promote gender equality in the workplace.
→ Governments worldwide are trying to have
2. Many think that companies should provide equal opportunities for all employees.
→ Many think that companies should have
3. Society should make individuals support local businesses.
→ Society should have individuals
4. Citizens feel that local governments need to improve public park facilities.
→ Citizens feel that local governments need to have
5. People often hire experts to repair their appliances.
→ People often have
Đáp án:
1. Governments worldwide are trying to have gender equality promoted in the workplace
2. Many think that companies should have equal opportunities provided for all employees
3. Society should have individuals support local businesses
4. Citizens feel that local governments need to have public park facilities improved
5. People often haveexperts repair their appliances
Bài tập 8: Hãy chọn từ gợi ý phù hợp và điền vào ô trống để hoàn thiện đoạn văn sau
Last weekend was a whirlwind of activities. On Friday, I 01..............at a new salon that just opened in town. The stylist gave me a great haircut and I really loved the experience. On Saturday, we 02...............by a professional cleaning service. It was so nice to come home to a clean and tidy house. And on Sunday, I got my friends 03...............me with some gardening. We planted some new flowers and vegetables in the backyard. It was a lot of work, but it was also a lot of fun. My friends had me 04...............out loud with their jokes while doing gardening.
In addition to these activities, I also had my car 05...............washed and detailed . I had been meaning to do it for a while, but I just hadn’t had the time. It was so nice to finally get it 06...............done and my car looks great now.
Đáp án:
1. had my hair done
2. had our house cleaned
3. to help
4. laugh
5. washed and detailed
6. done
Bài tập 9: Hoàn thành các câu sử dụng dạng đúng của Have something done và các từ trong ngoặc. Sử dụng các cơn co thắt nếu có thể.
1. We often………… (the rooms/redecorate) every three months.
2. Sarah isn’t making her own wedding dress, she is…………… (it/make) by a designer in Italy.
3. ……………… (you/ever/anything/steal) from your house?
4. He didn’t fix his car himself, he……… (it/fix) at the garage.
5. Your hair is too long. You need to……………… (it/cut).
6. I’m going to do my food shopping online and I…… (the food/deliver) to my house.
7. If you can’t see properly, you should……… (your eyes/test).
8. Are they going to paint the kitchen themselves, or………………(it/paint)?
Đáp án:
1. have the bedrooms redecorated
2. having it made
3. Have you ever had anything stolen
4. had it fixed
5. have it cut
6. I'm going to have the food delivered
7. have your eyes tested
8. are they going to have it painted
Bài tập 10: Hoàn thành câu sử dụng cấu trúc have something done
1. We rarely …………(living room /decorate) in the year
2. Julie isn’t making his own dress, he ……………………… (it / make) by a professional in China.
3. ……………………… (you / ever/ car / steal) from you?
4. She didn’t (fix/ car)...... at the store, she fixed it by herself.
5. My hair is too long. I need ……………………… (it / cut) now.
Đáp án:
1. have the living room decorated
2. has it made
3. Have your car ever stolen
4. have her car fixed
5. to have it cut
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