Have to và Must | Định nghĩa, cách dùng, điểm giống và khác nhau, bài tập vận dụng
Ý nghĩa: Must có nghĩa là “phải làm gì”. Động từ khuyết thiếu này được sử dụng trong câu với mục đích bổ trợ cho động từ chính. Must diễn tả những điều bắt buộc, cần thiết phải làm, thậm chí là mệnh lệnh, nghĩa vụ. Ngoài ra, Must còn là một danh từ mang nghĩa “điều bắt buộc, điều phải làm”. Tham khảo ví dụ:
- The little baby is crying. He must be punished by his father. (Đứa bé đang khóc. Anh ta phải chịu sự trừng phạt của cha mình.)
- My dear, we must leave this homestay tomorrow. (Em yêu, ngày mai chúng ta phải rời khỏi nhà trọ này.)
4 lưu ý khi sử dụng sử dụng Must:
1. Must dùng để kết luận một điều gì đó đương nhiên, theo quan điểm cũng như suy nghĩ chủ quan của người nói. Ví dụ: The little baby is crying. He must be punished by his father. (Đứa bé đang khóc. Anh ta phải chịu sự trừng phạt của cha mình.)
2. Must chỉ được dùng trong 2 thì, đó là: thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Ví dụ: My dear, we must leave this homestay tomorrow. (Em yêu, ngày mai chúng ta phải rời khỏi nhà trọ này.)
3. Trái nghĩa của must là mustn’t và có nghĩa là “cấm làm gì đó”, ví dụ như mệnh lệnh/ quy định hay điều luật buộc con người phải tuân thủ. Ví dụ: Anna mustn’t drive over 40 km/hour in this city. (Anna không được lái xe trên 40 km/giờ trong thành phố này.)
4. Quá khứ của must vẫn là must, dưới đây là bảng chia động từ Must trong tiếng Anh:
| Nguyên thể | Động danh từ | Phân từ II |
| to must | – | must |
| Bảng chia động từ | ||||||
| Số | Số it | Số nhiều | ||||
| Ngôi | I | You | He/She/It | We | You | They |
| Hiện tại đơn | must | must | must | must | must | must |
| Hiện tại tiếp diễn | am – | are – | is – | are – | are – | are – |
| Quá khứ đơn | must | must | must | must | must | must |
| Quá khứ tiếp diễn | was – | were – | was – | were – | were – | were – |
| Hiện tại hoàn thành | have must | have must | has must | have must | have must | have must |
| Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn | have been – | have been – | has been – | have been – | have been – | have been – |
| Quá khứ hoàn thành | had must | had must | had must | had must | had must | had must |
| QK hoàn thành Tiếp diễn | had been – | had been – | had been – | had been – | had been – | had been – |
| Tương Lai | will must | will must | will must | will must | will must | will must |
| TL Tiếp Diễn | will be – | will be – | will be – | will be – | will be – | will be – |
| Tương Lai hoàn thành | will have must | will have must | will have must | will have must | will have must | will have must |
| TL HT Tiếp Diễn | will have been – | will have been – | will have been – | will have been – | will have been – | will have been – |
| Điều Kiện Cách Hiện Tại | would must | would must | would must | would must | would must | would must |
| Conditional Perfect | would have must | would have must | would have must | would have must | would have must | would have must |
| Conditional Present Progressive | would be – | would be – | would be – | would be – | would be – | would be – |
| Conditional Perfect Progressive | would have been – | would have been – | would have been – | would have been – | would have been – | would have been – |
| Present Subjunctive | must | must | must | must | must | must |
| Past Subjunctive | must | must | must | must | must | must |
| Past Perfect Subjunctive | had must | had must | had must | had must | had must | had must |
| Imperative | must | Let′s must | must | |||
Have to có nghĩa là “phải làm gì đó (mang tính chủ quan của người nói)”. Tham khảo ví dụ dưới đây:
- She doesn’t have to leave her phone number. It is in my heart. (Cô ấy không cần phải để lại số điện thoại của mình. Nó ở trong trái tim tôi).
- My class had to take the final semester examination last week. (Lớp tôi phải làm bài kiểm tra cuối học kỳ vào tuần trước).
2 lưu ý khi sử dụng Have to:
- Trái nghĩa của Have to là Don’t have to có nghĩa là “không cần phải làm việc gì/ điều gì đó”. Ví dụ: She doesn’t have to leave her phone number. It is in my heart. (Cô ấy không cần phải để lại số điện thoại của mình. Nó ở trong trái tim tôi).
- Khi nói về việc gì đó phải làm ở trong thì quá khứ, bạn hãy sử dụng “Had to” thay cho cả 2 từ: “must” và “have to”. Ví dụ: My class had to take the final semester examination last week (Lớp tôi phải làm bài kiểm tra cuối học kỳ vào tuần trước).
Bảng phân biệt Must và Have to trong tiếng Anh chi tiết:
| Phân biệt Must và Have to | Must | Have to |
| Giống nhau |
|
|
| Khác nhau |
|
|
Ex 1. Chọn ý đúng
1. I can stay in bed tomorrow afternoon because I …. (must/ have to) go to school.
2. Whatever you do, you …. (must/ have to) touch that switch. It’s very dangerous.
3. There’s a lift in my brother’s building so we …. (must/ have to) climb the stairs.
4. You …. (must/ have to) forget what my mother told you. It’s very important.
5. Peter …. (must/ have to) get up early, but he usually does.
Đáp án:
1. don’t have to
2. mustn’t
3. don’t have to
4. mustn’t
5. doesn’t have to
Ex 2. Sử dụng cấu trúc must hoặc have to để hoàn thành những câu sau:
1. She………..go home. Her father lost the keys and she is waiting for her.
2. He looks so tired. He……..worked late yesterday.
3. Remember! You……….call me when you arrive Sai Gon.
4. We don’t……arrive soon.
5. You…………obey the law, or you will be expelled.
6. If you want to get a good job, you…………improve your English.
7. My brother doesn’t…………..do the house work because he has to study for the exam.
8. You……….be late for the meeting.
9. Everyday, I……………send a report to my leader.
10. It is so hot today, I……….wear shorts.
Đáp án:
1. has to
2. must
3. must
4. have to
5. must
6. must
7. have to
8. mustn’t
9. have to
10. must
Ex 3. Điền vào chỗ trống với các hình thức khẳng định hoặc phủ định của must hoặc have to & has to
1. It’s raining outside. Tim _____ take his umbrella.
2. I can give you my car, so you ____ buy a new one.
3. They _____ be in a hurry, because they have got more than
enough time.
4. You _____ stop at the red light.
5. Tomorrow is Sunday. You ____ get up very early.
6. Mrs. Parks can’t see very well. She ____wear glasses.
7. You ____return them. They are too small for you.
8. I am broke, I _____ borrow some money to buy a car.
9. You ____ stop smoking. It is very harmful.
10. Mr. Dickson is travelling abroad this summer, so he ____ get his passport soon.
11. All the students ____ obey the school rules.
12. It’s freezing outside, so we _____ take a cab and not walk.
13. Students_____look at their notes during the test.
14. I have a terrible headache, so I _____ leave early.
15. Snow has blocked the roads. We ____ stay here until it’s cleared.
Đáp án:
| 1. must | 6. must | 11. have to |
| 2. don’t have to | 7. must | 12. must |
| 3. don’t have to | 8. have to | 13. mustn’t |
| 4. have to | 9. must | 14. must |
| 5. don’t have to | 10. has to | 15. have to |
Ex 4: Điền must, must not, have to, not have to vào trong các chỗ trống sau
1. You _____________ cook because there is a lot of food in the fridge that we can just reheat them and enjoy.
2. I__________ eat this kiwi cake because I am allergic to kiwis.
3. My teacher told us that we ___________ show up before 7:15 a.m for the exam.
4. I ___________ lose weight; otherwise, I won’t qualify for the upcoming health check-ups.
5. My aunt, Hanh, has been working at a desk job for over 10 years; she _________ suffer from terrible backache.
Đáp án:
1. don’t / do not have to
2. must not/ mustn’t
3. have to/ had to
4. must
5. must have suffered/ must
Ex 5: Điền từ còn thiếu vào chỗ trống
1. You (must not/ don’t have to) __________ finish all your meals. That’s okay.
2. My (must/ have to) _________ go to bed early. She has a shift early tomorrow and she can’t be late once more.
3. Hoa can’t see very well. She (must/ have to) _________ wear glasses to be able to see who’s coming to her.
4. It’s been a few delays. We (must/ have to) _________ set a date to meet for lunch soon.
5. I (must/ have to) _________ go find my sister now. It's urgent. She might have got lost in the forest.
6. It's raining outside. Loan (must/ have to) _________ take her umbrella to avoid getting wet.
7. Mr. Quang is traveling abroad this summer, so he (must/ have to) _________ get his passport first.
Đáp án:
1. Don't have to.
2. Must.
3. Must.
4. Have to
5. must
6. Must
7. must
Ex 6: Đọc ngữ cảnh và chọn đáp án đúng nhất
1. Everyone________ smoke in here. Smoking is not allowed.
A. must
B. mustn’t
C. has to
D. doesn’t have to
2. I _________ be late. It's the most important meeting of the year.
A. must
B. mustn’t
C. have to
D. don’t have to
3. My friend has a terrible headache, so she _________ stay at this party.A. must
B. mustn’t
C. has to
D. doesn’t have to
4. I can give you my car, so you _________ buy a new one.
A. must
B. mustn’t
C. have to
D. don’t have to
5. You ________ stop at the red light.
A. must
B. mustn’t
C. have to
D. don’t have to
6. Snow has blocked the roads. We _________ stay here until it's cleared
A. must
B. mustn’t
C. have to
D. don’t have to
7. We ___________ cook more; there's enough food.
A. must
B. mustn’t
C. have to
D. don’t have to
Đáp án:
1. B. mustn't
2. B. mustn't
3. D. doesn't have to
4. D. doesn't have to
5. A. must
6. A. must
7. D. doesn't have to
Ex 7: Hãy điền vào chỗ trống bằng cách sử dụng “must” hoặc “have to” theo ngữ cảnh.
1. I ________ finish this assignment before the deadline.
2. Students ________ wear the uniform at this school.
3. You ________ be careful while crossing the busy street.
4. We ________ attend the meeting at 2 p.m.
5. According to the rules, employees ________ submit their reports by Friday.
6. She ________ study hard for the upcoming exam.
7. Visitors ________ follow the safety guidelines inside the museum.
8. I ________ call my parents to let them know I’ll be late.
9. The doctor said I ________ take this medicine three times a day.
10. In this company, all employees ________ complete the training program within the first month.
Đáp án:
1. must
2. have to
3. must
4. have to
5. have to
6. must
7. must
8. must
9. must
10. have to
Ex 8: Tìm các lỗi sai và sửa lại chúng
1. I must to finish my work before the end of the day.
2. She have to submit the report by tomorrow.
3. You must being at the airport two hours before your flight.
4. According to the school rules, students must to wear the uniform.
5. We have to to be present at the meeting next Monday.
6. He must not to forget to bring his ID card.
7. Employees have to complete their assignments until Friday.
8. Children must to ask for permission before leaving the classroom.
9. We must to leave early to catch the train.
10. The doctor said I have to taking this medication twice a day.
Đáp án:
1. I must finish my work before the end of the day.
2. She has to submit the report by tomorrow.
3. You must be at the airport two hours before your flight.
4. According to the school rules, students must wear the uniform.
5. We have to be present at the meeting next Monday.
6. He must not forget to bring his ID card.
7. Employees have to complete their assignments by Friday.
8. Children must ask for permission before leaving the classroom.
9. We must leave early to catch the train.
10. The doctor said I have to take this medication twice a day.
Ex 9: Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng từ khác có nghĩa tương đương với must hoặc have to:
1. You must obey the law.
2. You have to finish your homework before going out.
3. You should eat your vegetables.
4. I must go to the doctor now.
Đáp án:
1. You are required to obey the law.
2. You are obligated to finish your homework before going out.
3. You ought to eat your vegetables.
4. I am bound to go to the doctor now.
Ex 10: Dịch các câu sau sang tiếng Anh, sử dụng “must” hoặc “have to” phù hợp:
1. Bạn phải học tiếng Anh chăm chỉ nếu muốn đi du học.
2. Chúng ta cần tuân thủ luật lệ giao thông.
3. Tôi không được phép nói dối.
4. Cô ấy phải hoàn thành báo cáo này trước 5 giờ chiều.
5. Bạn có cần phải đi đến ngân hàng ngay bây giờ không?
Đáp án:
1. You must study English hard if you want to go abroad.
2. We must obey traffic rules.
3. I must not tell a lie.
4. She has to finish this report before 5 pm.
5. Do you have to go to the bank right now?
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