Since và For | Định nghĩa, cấu trúc, cách dùng, cách phân biệt và bài tập vận dụng
Since và For là những giới từ được sử dụng ở trong câu với mục đích để diễn tả về mốc thời gian hoặc khoảng thời gian xảy ra hành động/sự việc gì đó. Tuy nhiên cách dùng Since và For khác nhau tùy thuộc vào từng trường hợp khác nhau.
Trước khi đến với cách dùng Since và For, chúng ta hãy cùng tìm hiểu về cấu trúc của Since trước tiên nhé!
Since được dùng để mô tả mốc thời gian mà sự việc/hành động bắt đầu xảy ra. Thông thường, Since sẽ trả lời cho câu hỏi When?, đồng thời được sử dụng nhiều tại các thì hoàn thành. Ví dụ: Since 10 p.m, since September, since 1990….
Cấu trúc:
Since + mốc thời gian
Khi Since đứng ở giữa câu: Được sử dụng để chỉ một mốc thời gian cụ thể mà sự việc, hành động nào đó xảy ra. Ví dụ:
Khi Since đứng đầu câu: Được sử dụng để diễn tả lý do hay một mốc thời gian với ý nghĩa là “kể từ khi”. Ví dụ:
Chúng ta sử dụng For khi nói đến một khoảng thời gian, để trả lời cho câu hỏi hành động đó kéo dài được bao lâu (How long?) Tuy nhiên, để đề cập đến một thời gian bắt đầu trong quá khứ kéo dài đến hiện tại ta sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành thay vì quá khứ đơn.
Cấu trúc:
For + một khoảng thời gian
Ví dụ: I have learned English for 7 years (Tôi đã học tiếng Anh được 7 năm) Tính đến thời điểm hiện tại
- Chúng ta có thể sử dụng For cho tất cả các thì của động từ
| Cách dùng Since | Ví dụ |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành |
|
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn |
|
| Thì quá khứ hoàn thành |
|
| Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn |
|
| Since + Thì quá khứ đơn |
|
| Since + Thời điểm ở quá khứ |
|
| Since there: kể từ đó |
|
| Cách dùng For | Ví dụ |
| Thì hiện tại đơn |
|
| Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn |
|
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành |
|
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn |
|
| Thì quá khứ đơn |
|
| Thì tương lai |
|
| Phân biệt cách dùng Since và For | ||
| Since | For | |
| Giống nhau | Since và For đều được sử dụng trong câu với mục đích diễn tả về thời gian xảy ra sự việc/hành động nào đó. | |
| Khác nhau |
Ví dụ: since 10 o’clock, since Sunday, since 20 June, since lunchtime, since she came… |
Ví dụ: for 4 hours, for 2 days, for 10 minutes, for 3 weeks, for ages, for a long time… |
Ex 1: Phân biệt Since và For để điền từ phù hợp vào câu
1. Jenny has lived in Saigon … 2003.
2. John has lived in Hanoi … 2 years.
3. Ann has been sitting here … 3 hours.
4. Sara has been looking for a job … she left school.
5. Peter hasn’t been to a party … ages.
6. Harry hasn’t seen Anna … last week.
Đáp án:
1. since
2. for
3. for
4. since
5. for
6. since
Ex 2: Dùng Since và For để hoàn thành câu
1. How long has Jenny been a teacher? – She has been a teacher … June.
2. How long has John known Sara? – John has known Anna … 1997.
3. How long has Anna studied Chemistry? – Anna has studied Chemistry … a month.
4. How long has Peter played badminton? – Peter has played badminton … a long time.
5. How long has Daisy played the guitar? – Daisy has played the guitar … secondary school.
6. How long has Peter driven a car? – Peter has driven a motorbike … my birthday.
7. How long has Candy had her new house? – She has had her new house … last year.
Đáp án:
1. since
2. since
3. for
4. for
5. since
6. since
7. since
Ex 3: Chọn giới từ đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau
1. I’ve lived with my parents for/since I was born.
2. My younger brother has been sick for/since last night.
3. I have heard about that for/since last week.
4. His family has lived in this town for/since over three decades.
5. I’ve been working in this industry for/since five months.
6. I didn't go to a cinema for/since May.
7. I had to cook for myself for/since my mom is going on a trip.
8. I have been studying Chinese for/since more than a week.
9. I’ve been in touch her for/since a long time.
10. I’ve last seen him for/since last year.
Đáp án:
1. I’ve lived with my parents since I was born.
2. My younger brother has been sick since last night.
3. I have heard about that since last week.
4. His family has lived in this town for over three decades.
5. I’ve been working in this industry for five months.
6. I didn't go to a cinema since May.
7. I had to cook for myself since my mom is going on a trip.
8. I have been studying Chinese for more than a week.
9. I’ve been in touch her for a long time.
10. I’ve last seen him since last year.
Ex 4: Dùng ‘since’ hoặc ‘for’ để hoàn thành câu trả lời
1. How long have you lived in the USA? – I have lived in the USA … three year.
2. How long has Marie been a nurse? – She has been a nurse … August.
3. How long has Kai known Tom? – He has known Tom … 1997.
4. How long have they studied Math? – They have studied Math … a few months.
5. How long has Kang played soccer? – He has played soccer … a long time.
6. How long has he worn glasses? – He has worn glasses … 1998.
7. How long has Emily played the piano? – She has played the piano … high school.
8. How long will you be on vacation? – I will be on vacation… three months.
9. How long have you driven a motorbike? – I have driven a motorbike … my birthday.
10. How long has Ron had his new mouse? – He has had his new mouse … last month.
11. How long has she owned the book store? – She has owned the book store … ten years.
12. How long has Gary played basketball? – He has played basketball … several years.
13. How long have your friends been in town? – They have been in town … Monday.
14. How long has Mrs. Smith lived on Shing Street? – She has lived on Shing Street … many years.
15. How long has the post office been closed? – It has been closed … six o’clock.
Đáp án: For/ Since/ Since/ For/ For/ Since/ Since/ For/ Since/ Since/ For/ For/ Since/ For/ Since
Ex 5: Write whether you should use FOR or SINCE with the following phrase
1. ______ 3 years
2. ______ 6 minutes
3. ______ The 19th Century
4. ______ 1990
5. ______ 5 weeks
6. ______ 1st April
7. ______ 30 seconds
8. ______ Tuesday
9. ______ a long time
10. ______ last night
11. ______ she left home
12. ______ they were children
13. ______ half an hour
14. ______ my birthday
15. ______ it started to snow
Đáp án
| 1. for | 2. for | 3. since | 4. since | 5. for |
| 6. since | 7. for | 8. since | 9. for | 10.since |
| 11.since | 12. since | 13. for | 14.since | 15.since |
Ex 6: Fill the gaps with either SINCE or FOR
1. Nobody has come to see us ______ we moved here.
2. She has been a teacher ______ 2000.
3. Nobody has done this ______ then.
4. Liz has gone out with her boyfriend ______ last night.
5. He has studied ______ a long time. He can pass the test.
6. It has been very rainy ______ early morning.
7. Mr and Mrs Brown have been married ______ 10 years.
8. They have fixed many cars ______ this morning.
9. I have driven ______ 7 hours.
10. Things have changed ______ the financial crisis in 2020 due to Covid-19.
Đáp án
| 1. since | 2. since | 3. since | 4. since | 5. for |
| 6. since | 7. for | 8. since | 9. for | 10.since |
Ex 7: Completing the sentences with either SINCE or FOR
1. He hasn’t eaten anything ______ 24 hours.
2. He hasn’t eaten anything ______ yesterday.
3. We haven’t spoken to each other ______ we were in grade 8.
4. We haven’t spoken to each other ______ 6 years.
5. She has read this book ______ several years.
6. She has read this book several times ______ I gave her.
7. I have learnt Spanish ______ six months.
8. I have learnt Spanish ______ September 2009.
9. They have wanted to watch this movie ______ they saw the advert.
10. They have wanted to watch this movie ______ a long time.
Đáp án
| 1. for | 2. since | 3. since | 4. for | 5. for |
| 6. since | 7. for | 8. since | 9. since | 10.for |
Ex 8: Answer the question with either SINCE or FOR
1. How long have you done this work? (5 years)
2. How long have you studied French? (2015)
3. How long have you been in Japan? (I was small)
4. How long has she known him? (September)
5. How long have they sold all the cakes? (2 hours)
6. How long has Peter played football? (he was 5)
7. How long has Mary played the piano? (3 years)
8. How long have they been here? (yesterday)
9. How long has the baby drunk milk? (30 minutes)
10. How long have you found this job to earn your living? (July October)
Đáp án
1. I have done this work for 5 years.
2. I have studied French since 2015.
3. I have been in Japan since I was small.
4. She has known him since September.
5. They have sold all the cakes for 2 hours.
6. Peter has played football since he was 5.
7. Mary has played the piano for 3 years.
8. They have been here since yesterday.
9. The baby has drunk milk for 30 minutes.
10. I have found this job to earn my living since July October.
Ex 9: Chọn for hoặc since điền vào chỗ trống
1. She has been there (for/ since) four days.
2. I have known Linda (for/ since) two years.
3. Jack has stayed here (for/ since) Thursday.
4. My aunt has lived in Australia (for/ since) 15 years.
5. We have had a camera (for/ since) 1995.
6. They have been married (for/ since) six months.
7. Liz has studied medicine (for/ since) a long time.
8. It has rained (for/ since) an hour.
9. Indian has been an independent country (for/ since) 1947.
10. Mike has been ill (for/ since) a long time.
Đáp án
1. for
2. for
3. since
4. for
5. since
6. for
7. for
8. for
9. since
10. for
Ex 10: Điền since hoặc for vào chỗ trống trong các câu sau:
1. They have been best friends __________ childhood.
2. I have been studying French __________ three years.
3. She hasn’t eaten any fast food __________ last month.
4. We have been waiting for the bus __________ 20 minutes.
5. He has been working at that company __________ 2010.
6. She has been working here ________ three years.
7. We have been friends ________ childhood.
8. He has been studying Spanish ________ last semester.
9. They have been living in this city ________ a decade.
10. I have been waiting for the bus ________ half an hour.
Đáp án
1. since
2. for
3. since
4. for
5. since
6. for
7. since
8. since
9. for
10. for
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