Little và A little | Định nghĩa, cách phân biệt và bài tập vận dụng
Ý nghĩa: Little và A little là 2 lượng từ trong tiếng Anh được sử dụng trong một câu với mục đích làm rõ ý nghĩa về mặt số lượng.
Litle: vô cùng ít ỏi, không đủ để dùng (từ này có khuynh hướng phủ định). Ví dụ: Could I try a little banana smoothie?
A little: ít những vẫn có một chút, đủ để làm gì đó. Ví dụ: My grandfather has little cash, not enough to buy any train ticket.
Cấu trúc:
Little + N không đếm được
A little + N không đếm được
Ví dụ:
“A little” và “Little” là hai lượng từ được sử dụng trong câu giúp làm rõ ý nghĩa về mặt số lượng.
Sau A little và Little là danh từ không đếm được (luôn ở dạng số ít)
A little: mang nghĩa một số lượng ít, cách dùng gần giống a few nhưng dành cho danh từ không đếm được. A little được sử dụng cho câu khẳng định.
A little + Danh từ không đếm được
Ex: I still have a little time, enough to finish this exercise
(Tôi vẫn còn chút thời gian, đủ để hoàn thành bài tập này)
Little: có nghĩa là không đủ hoặc hầu như không có, sử dụng khi mang ý nghĩa tiêu cực.
Little + Danh từ không đếm được: rất ít, không đủ để (mang tính phủ định)
Ex: I have little cash, not enough to buy any bus ticket.
(Tôi có rất ít tiền mặt, không đủ để mua chiếc vé xe bus nào)
* Lưu ý:
– Little còn được dùng như tính từ với ý nghĩa là nhỏ nhắn và dễ thương
Eg: Jennie is just a little girl
(Jennie chỉ là một cô bé)
– Only có thể được thêm vào trước a little nhằm nhấn mạnh số lượng nhưng nó mang nghĩa tiêu cực.
Eg: Hurry up! We’ve got only a little time to prepare
(Nhanh lên! Chúng ta còn rất ít thì giờ để chuẩn bị)
Ex 1. Chọn từ đúng
1. I’ve got (a little/ little) money. I’m going to the cinema.
2. I’ve been able to save (a little/ little) money this month.
3. I have very (little/ a little) time for hanging out with my friends because of the final exam comes soon.
4. I have very…………..time for going out with my club because the English mini-exam is coming soon. (little/ a little)
5. She has been able to save…………electricity this month. (little/ a little)
Đáp án:
1. a little
2. a little
3. little
4. little
5. a little
Ex 2. Chọn trạng từ chỉ số lượng phù hợp
1. I feel sorry for her. She has (few/ a few) friends.
2. There are (a few/ a little) elephants at the zoo.
3. I’ve got (a little/ little) money. I’m going to the cinema.
4. I’ve been able to save (a little/ little) money this month.
5. (A few/ A little) students passed the exam because it was very difficult.
6. We should try to save (a little/ a few) electricity this month.
7. I have very (little/ a little) time for hanging out with my friends because of the final exam comes soon.
Đáp án:
1. I feel sorry for her. She has few friends.
2. There are a few elephants at the zoo.
3. I’ve got a little money. I’m going to the cinema.
4. I’ve been able to save a little money this month.
5. A few students passed the exam because it was very difficult.
6. We should try to save a little electricity this month.
7. I have very little time for hanging out with my friends because of the final exam comes soon.
Ex 3. Điền Few và A few, Little và A little để hoàn thành câu
1. There are_____ people she really trusts. It’s a bit sad.
2. Do you need information on English grammar? I have _____ books on the topic if you would like to borrow them.
3. She has ______ self-confidence. She has a lot of trouble talking to new people.
4. He has _____ education. He can’t read or write, and he can hardly count.
5. There are______ women politicians in the UK. Many people think there should be more.
Đáp án:
1. There are few people she really trusts. It’s a bit sad.
2. Do you need information on English grammar? I have a few books on the topic if you would like to borrow them.
3. She has little self-confidence. She has a lot of trouble talking to new people.
4. He has little education. He can’t read or write, and he can hardly count.
5. There are few women politicians in the UK. Many people think there should be more.
Ex 4. Điền các từ few, a few, little, a little vào chỗ trống thích hợp
1. We have _____________ time left. Let’s try to get finished quickly.
2. You have _____________ ideas left, so let’s hear them.
3. I have got very _____________ friends, so I’m alone most of the time.
4. Would you like _____________ water?
5. What you need is _____________ more self-confidence.
6. _____________ is known about how the disease spreads.
7. I’m sorry, but I speak _____________ Spanish. Can’t we communicate in English?
8. Very _____________ people went to see the movie.
9. Mary managed to get _____________ piece of cake.
10. She saves _____________ money every month because she wants to go on a cruise next summer.
11. There are _____________ posts that are really worth reading. Most of them are rubbish.
12. I have drunk _____________ water today, so I guess that’s why I’m so thirsty.
13. There are _____________ good books that I would recommend reading.
14. Have you got any money left in your bank account? Yes, I have _____________, but not very much.
15. There are _____________ cities in the world that have a multicultural society.
16. There was _____________ time to finish the project, so we had to work on weekends.
17. We stayed in New York for _____________ days before moving on to the Midwest.
18. I’d like to tell you _____________ about my childhood.
19. I made very _____________ mistakes, so I got a very good mark.
20. I see _____________ reason for giving him _____________ days off.
Đáp án:
1. We have little time left. Let’s try to get finished quickly.
2. You have a few ideas left, so let’s hear them.
3. I have got very few friends, so I’m alone most of the time.
4. Would you like a little water?
5. What you need is a little more self-confidence.
6. Little is known about how the disease spreads.
7. I’m sorry, but I speak little Spanish. Can’t we communicate in English?
8. Very few people went to see the movie.
9. Mary managed to get a little piece of cake.
10. She saves a little money every month because she wants to go on a cruise next summer.
11. There are few posts that are really worth reading. Most of them are rubbish.
12. I have drunk little water today, so I guess that’s why I’m so thirsty.
13. There are a few good books that I would recommend reading.
14. Have you got any money left in your bank account? Yes, I have a little, but not very much.
15. There are few / a few cities in the world that have a multicultural society.
16. There was little time to finish the project, so we had to work on weekends.
17. We stayed in New York for a few days before moving on to the Midwest.
18. I’d like to tell you a little about my childhood.
19. I made very few mistakes, so I got a very good mark.
20. I see little reason for giving him a few days off.
Ex 5. Điền a few hoặc a little vào các câu sau:
1. There are ___ students at the bus stop.
2. I can see only ___ apples in the bowl.
3. The cook is putting ___ olive oil into the vegetable soup.
4. I want ___ sugar for my tea. Can you add it, please?
5. Ruby wants to take ___ photographs of the birds.
6. I want ___ jam on my bread. I like jam and bread.
7. There are ___ coloured pencils and a book on the table.
8. Mr. Turner is carrying ___ boxes. He doesn’t need any help.
9. Dad, I have got only ___ homework today. Can you help me, please?
10. Suzy has got ___ kittens.She wants to sell them.
11. You are very fat,dear.You should only eat ___ bread every day.
12. I think I will add ___ ketchup to my chips.I like ketchup.
13. ___ painters are painting the wall. They are using green and yellow.
14. I’m having a difficult exam and I have got only ___ time.
15. Susan needs ___ cucumbers for the salad.
16. Look! ___ birds are flying over that yellow house.
17. Mr.Sad is unhappy because he has got only ___ money.
18. ___ racers are running to the finish line.
19. Sir,I have got ___ questions about the plan.
20. There is only ___ water in that glass.I want some more.
21. My grandmother adds ___ flour to the omelette.
22. There are ___ easter eggs in front of the rabbit.
Đáp án:
1. a few
2. a few
3. A little
4. a little
5. a few
6. a little
7. a few
8. a few
9. a little
10. a few
11. a little
12. a little
13. a few
14. a little
15. a few
16. a few
17. a little
18. a few
19. a few
20. a little
21. a little
22. a few
Ex 6. Khoanh vào đáp án thích hợp nhất trong các câu dưới đây
1. Look at these lovely little fish/ fishes.
2. My parents bought a lot of furniture/ furnitures for our new house.
3. Physics/ physic is one of my favourite subject.
4. I’d like to travel abroad to broaden my knowledge/ knowledges.
5. These umbrella/ umbrellas will be very useful for this picnic.
6. There are a lot of green tree/ trees in the garden.
7. We haven’t got much rice/ rices left.
8. We’ve got a lot of milk/ milks.
Đáp án:
1. fishes
2. furniture
3. physics
4. knowledge
5. umbrellas
6. trees
7. rice
8. milk
Ex 7. Tìm lỗi sai (nếu có) và sửa lại
1. Would you help me with few money?
2. We have to delay this course because he knows little.
3. I think that few lemon juice on fish makes it taste better.
4. January is a cold month in the northern states. There is little sunshine during that month
5. Many people are multilingual, but very much people speak more than ten languages.
Đáp án:
1. Sai: few -> Sửa: a little
2. Sai: little -> Sửa: a little
3. Sai: few -> Sửa: a little
4. little -> Đúng
5. Sai: very much -> Sửa: Very few
Ex 8. Hãy chọn danh từ đúng khi đứng sau few/a few/little/a little.
1. I have a few apple/apples in my basket, but not enough to make a pie.
2. There are few thing/things more relaxing than taking a long walk in the park.
3. She has little patience/patiences when it comes to waiting in long lines.
4. I have little interest/interests in attending that conference; it seems quite boring.
5. We need a few more chair/chairs for the guests coming to the party.
6. After my hectic week, I decided to take a little time/times for myself and relax.
7. I know a little about Japanese culture/cultures, but I’d like to learn more.
8. There are a few student/students who always excel in math class.
9. We have little food/foods left in the refrigerator; we should go shopping.
10. Just a few more page/pages to read, and I’ll finish this thrilling book.
Đáp án:
1. I have a few apples in my basket, but not enough to make a pie.
2. There are few things more relaxing than taking a long walk in the park.
3. She has little patience when it comes to waiting in long lines.
4. I have little interest in attending that conference; it seems quite boring.
5. We need a few more chairs for the guests coming to the party.
6. After my hectic week, I decided to take a little time for myself and relax.
7. I know a little about Japanese culture, but I’d like to learn more.
8. There are a few students who always excel in math class.
9. We have little food left in the refrigerator; we should go shopping.
10. Just a few more pages to read, and I’ll finish this thrilling book.
Ex 9. Chọn đáp án đúng
1. We have got quite ………………. friends there.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
2. Would you like to try ………………. wine?
A. a little B. few C. little D. a few
3. His theories are too complex that only ………………. people understand them.
A. a few B. little C. a little D. few
4. You don’t need to go shopping. We have got ……………………… eggs and some rice.
A. a little B. little C. few D. a few
5. Very ………………. can speak a foreign language perfectly.
A. little B. a few C. few D. a little
6. ………………………… politicians are really honest.
A. Few B. A few C. A little D. Little
7. ‘Would you like some more soup?’
‘Just ……………., please.’
A. little B. a few C. few D. a little
8. Give the roses ……………………… water everyday if you don’t want them to die.
A. few B,.little C. a few D. a little
9. We have got ………………………… steak if you are really hungry.
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
10. Very …………. pupils in our class can do such difficult sums.
A. little B. few C. a few D. a little
Đáp án:
1. B
2. A
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. A
7. D
8. D
9. B
10. B
Ex 10. Tìm lỗi sai và sửa lại
1. They live in a very small flat because they have a few money.
2. I really need to see him. I've got few questions to ask him.
3. Could we have a few champagne, please?
4. 'Were you surprised ?' ‘Little.’
5. They've already been to Spain few times.
6. These plants require a little water and it's very handy.
7. At home, the kitchen was a pleasant place. There were always little flowers in a vase.
8. 'How's your father ?' ‘A few better, thanks.’
9. 'Sandra is fluent in Italian, French and Spanish.' 'It's quite rare, a few people can speak several foreign languages.'
10. This boy isn't very popular at school. He's got very a little friends.’
Đáp án:
1. a few → little
2. few → a few
3. a few → a little
4. Little → A little
5. few → a few
6. a little → little
7. little → a few
8. A few → A little
9. a few → few
10. a little → few
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