Spend là gì? | Định nghĩa, cấu trúc, cách sử dụng Spend - Các thành ngữ về Spend - Bài tập vận dụng
Spend là một động từ mạnh nghĩa là “tiêu xài, sử dụng, dành cái gì đó (thường là thời gian và tiền bạc)”. Ví dụ:
Cấu trúc Spend với danh từ mang ý nghĩa là chi bao thứ gì vào điều gì: Cấu trúc:
S + spend + Something + on + N
Ví dụ:
Cấu trúc Spend với động từ mạng ý nghĩa là chi bao nhiêu thứ gì vào việc gì. Cấu trúc:
S + spend + Something + Ving
Ví dụ:
It take được sử dụng nhằm chỉ khối lượng thời gian cần thiết đối với một đối tượng nào đó đã được thực hiện, hoàn thành một công việc nhất định.
Cấu trúc:
It take/took (Somebody) + time + to do something
(Ai đó mất bao nhiêu thời gian để làm việc gì đó)
Ví dụ:
Cấu trúc waste khá giống với Spend nhưng nó lại mang ý nghĩa khác. Cấu trúc Waste dùng để chỉ sự lãng phí.
Cấu trúc với danh từ:
S + waste(s) + something + “on” + N
(Ai đó lãng phí cái gì đó vào việc gì.)
Ví dụ:
Cấu trúc với động từ:
S + waste(s) + something + (“on”) + V-ing
(Lãng phí thời gian tiền bạc để làm gì)
Ví dụ:
Do cấu trúc Spend và It Take có ý nghĩa tương đương nhau nên chúng ta có thể viết lại câu giữa hai cấu trúc này. Đây là bài tập cực kỳ phổ biến khi ta học tiếng Anh. Ta có thể biến đổi qua lại giữa hai cấu trúc như sau:
S + Spend + something + Ving/N…
=> It takes + somebody + something + to Vinf…
Ví dụ:
|
Idiom |
Định nghĩa |
Ví dụ |
|
Spend money as if/like there’s no tomorrow |
Tiêu tiền hoang phí/ Tiêu như thể không có ngày mai |
Nam spends money as if there is no tomorrow(Nam tiêu tiền như thể không có ngày maI) |
|
Spend money like water |
Tiêu tiền lãng phí |
For year Trung was an absolute penny-pincher, but now he has a steady job, he spends money like a water (Nhiều năm trước Trung là một kẻ keo kiệt, nhưng giờ anh ta có công việc ổn định nên anh ta tiêu tiền như nước) |
|
Spend the rest of (one’s) life |
Dành những ngày tháng của ai đó cho đến cuối đời |
Lan said she wants to spend the rest of her life on s tropical island (Lan nói cô ấy muốn sống hết quãng đời còn lại của cô ấy trên đảo nhiệt đới) |
|
Spend the night with somebody |
Dành cả đêm với ai đó |
My son was spending the night with his girlfriend (Con trai tôi đã dành cả đêm với người yêu của nó) |
|
Spend a king’s ransom |
Dành một món tiền lớn cho cái gì đó |
Nam spend a king’s ransom for studying abroad (Nam dành khoản tiền lớn để đi du học) |
Bài 1: Điền Spend, waste, it takes vào chỗ trống:
1. Why ______money on jewels you don’t need?
2. He returned to his room, eager to _____ the day drawing.
3. We won’t ______ our life being a monster!
4. _______ time to gain weight just as________ time to lose it.
5. His excellent cooking will _______ on those who do not appreciate it.
6. _______ ten or more people to cause a quarrel, one cannot blame an argument entirely on the other side.
7. It looks like she’ll have to accept your invitation to ______ the night, but she’ll pay you as soon as she gets her things.
8. Why _________ time beating around the bush?
9. We have to _______ the night, because of the head injury.
10. She could _________ the rest of my life with him.
Đáp án:
1. waste
2. spend
3. spend
4. It takes – it takes
5. be wasted
6. it takes
7. spend
8. waste
9. spend
10. spend
Bài 2: Viết lại các câu sau:
1. Nam spent lots of time doing this experiment.
=> It …………………………………………………………………….
2. It took Huy all morning to prepare for lunch.
=> I …………………………………………………………….
3. John spent three days visiting VN.
=> It ……………………………………………………………..
4. It took his daughter three years to study at this college.
=> My son spent …………………………………………………..
5. Trung spends two hours doing his homework every day.
=> It ……………………………………………………………
Đáp án:
1. It took Nam lots of time to do this experiment.
2. Huy spent all the morning preparing for lunch.
3. It took John three days to visit VietNam.
4. His daughter spent three years studying at this college.
5. It takes Trung two hours each day to do his homework.
Bài 3: Viết lại câu
1. He spent lots of time doing this experiment.
⟹ It …………………………………………………………………….
2. It took me all the morning to prepare for lunch.
⟹ I spent …………………………………………………………….
3. Anna spent three days visiting VN.
⟹ It took ……………………………………………………………..
4. It took my son three years to study in this college.
⟹ My son spent …………………………………………………..
5. I spend two hours doing my home work everyday.
⟹ It takes ……………………………………………………………
6. They spent ten days painting this house.
⟹ It …………………………………………………………………….
7. Last week , she spent 2 days tidying her room.
⟹ It …………………………………………………………………….
8. They used to go to school in half an hour.
⟹ It …………………………………………………………………….
⟹ They ……………………………………………………………….
9. We often spend 30 minutes reviewing our lesson before class.
⟹ It …………………………………………………………………….
10. It took him twelve hours to fly from Hanoi to London.
⟹ He …………………………………………………………………..
Đáp án
1. I spent all the morning preparing for lunch.
2. It took Anna three days to visit VietNam.
3. My son spent three years studying in this college.
4. It takes me two hours each day to do my homework.
5. It took them ten days to paint this house.
6. It took her two days to tidy her room.
7. It took them half an hour to go to school.
8. They spent half an hour going to school.
9. It takes us 30 minutes to review our lesson before class.
10. He spent twelve hours flying from Hanoi to London.
Bài 4: Chọn ý đúng
1. My father often … 8 hours a day working in the factory.
A. Spends
B. Spent
2. You should not … The whole day on computer games.
A. To waste
B. Waste
3. Jim spends a little time … His homework.
A. On
B. In
4. Girls often waste hours … Buying one pair of shoes.
A. On
B. In
5. How long did you spend on …?
A. Doing your housework
B. To do your housework
6. My sister always … Money on clothes.
A. Waste
B. Wastes
Đáp án:
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. A
6. B
Bài 5: Dựa vào những từ đã cho dưới đây để viết thành 1 câu hoàn chỉnh đúng ngữ pháp.
1. last night/ information/ the/ collect/ she/ 3.5 hours/ necessary/ spend/ all.
--> _______________________________________________________________ .
2. salary/ betting/ quarter/ James/ of/ monthly/ on/ waste/ usually/ football/ his/ a.
--> _______________________________________________________________ .
3. program/ Mr. Harding/ yesterday/ a/ locate/ in/ error/ take/ day/ to/ half/ the/ it/ the.
--> _______________________________________________________________ .
4. spend/ hang out/ friends/ go shopping/ a lot of/ she/ with/ usually/ and/ time/ her.
--> _______________________________________________________________ .
5. ride/ waste/ yesterday/ for/ bus station/ she/ all day/ her/ at/ wait/ the.
--> _______________________________________________________________ .
6. Preservation/ money/ spend/ the government/ on/ are/ forest/ more.
--> _______________________________________________________________ .
7. lesson preparation/ take/ it/ every day/ review/ 30 minutes/ them/ to/ their.
--> _______________________________________________________________ .
8. money/ don’t/ sometimes/ they/ waste/ they/ on/ things/ need.
--> _______________________________________________________________ .
Đáp án:
1. She spent 3.5 hours last night to collecting the necessary information.
2. James usually waste a quarter of his monthly salary on football betting.
3. It took Mr. Harding half a day yesterday to locate the error in the program.
4. She usually spends a lot of time going shopping and hanging out with her friends.
5. She wasted all day yesterday at the bus station waiting for her ride.
6. The government are spending more money on forest preservation.
7. It takes them 30 minutes every day to review their lesson preparation.
8. They sometimes waste money on things they don’t need.
Bài 6: Viết lại câu
Ex: It took them 20 minutes to walk to the train station.
--> They spent 20 minutes walking to the train station.
1. Last week, they spent 3 days repainting the house.
--> Last week, it_____________________________________________________ .
2. It took her a full day at the book shop to search for the book she was looking for only to find out that it was sold out.
--> She wasted _____________________________________________________ .
3. It took us approximately 3 days to get to the lake.
--> We ____________________________________________________________ .
4. I usually spend 15 minutes at the beginning of each shift turning up the machinery.
--> It takes _________________________________________________________ .
5. My family spent the whole afternoon preparing for my grandfather’s birthday.
--> _______________________________________________________________ .
Đáp án:
1. Last week, it took us 3 days to repaint the house.
2. She wasted a full day at the book shop searching for the book she was looking for only to find out that it was sold out.
3. We spent approximately 3 days getting to the lake.
4. It usually takes me 15 minutes at the beginning of each shift to turn up the machinery.
5. It took my family the whole afternoon to prepare for my grandfather’s birthday.
Bài 7: Từ các câu trả lời có trong ô trống, chọn đáp án đúng
1. It him an hour to find all the necessary information for the essay.
2. He most of his time in college in developing a new search engine.
3. It usually the department several days to work out a solution for a problem.
4. Tom half a million dollars on gambling last year.
5. It will at least 2 days for the transaction to process.
6. They a fortune on this business but ended up failing because of the pandemic.
7. He most of his career on the completion of the equation.
8. Thanks to the efforts of the fire fighters, the fire finally itself.
Đáp án:
1. took
2. spent
3. takes
4. spent
5. take
6. spent
7. spent
8. spent
Bài 8: Viết lại các câu sau đây.
Ex: It took me nearly 3 days to completely clean up the mess in the storage.
--> I spent nearly 3 days to completely clean up the mess in the storage.
1. It took nearly 3 days for the setup team to complete the preparation for the event.
--> _____________________________________________________________________
2. The manager often spends 20 minutes before each shift to review the work schedule.
--> _____________________________________________________________________
3. It usually takes her 20 minutes each day to put her makeup on.
--> _____________________________________________________________________
4. It took me almost a week to finish that book.
--> _____________________________________________________________________
5. They spent their whole week identifying the problem in the production line.
--> _____________________________________________________________________
Đáp án:
1. The setup team spent nearly 3 days to complete the preparation for the event.
2. It often takes the manager 20 minutes before each shift to review the work schedule.
3. She usually spends 20 minutes each day putting her makeup on.
4. I spent almost a week finishing that book.
5. It took them their whole week to identify the problem in the production line.
Bài 9: Khoanh tròn vào ô có đáp án đúng
1. How often do you … money on luxury items?
A. spend B. spends C. spending D. spent
2. She never … much time on social media.
A. spends B. spend C. spending D. spent
3. How long does it … you to decide what to wear?
A. take B. takes C. spend D. spends
4. They … too much time watching television.
A. spends B. spent C. spend D. spending
5. How much time do you … preparing for a meeting?
A. spend B. takes C. take D. spending
6. He … a small fortune on that car last year.
A. spent B. spend C. spends D. spending
Đáp án:
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. A
Bài 10: Viết lại câu dùng cấu trúc phù hợp
1. I usually use about an hour to read the news.
2. My brother uses three hours a day to work out.
3. It requires her forty minutes to commute from home to office.
4. They needed the whole Sunday to clean the garage.
5. Our family requires a significant sum annually on vacation.
Đáp án:
1. I spend about an hour reading the news.
2. My brother spends three hours a day working out.
3. It takes her forty minutes to commute from home to office.
4. They spent the whole Sunday cleaning the garage.
5. Our family spends a significant sum annually on vacation.
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