Thì hiện tại đơn (Present Simple) | Khái niệm, công thức, bài tập có đáp án
Hiện tại đơn là thì được sử dụng để diễn tả một thói quen/hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong hiện tại hoặc chân lý, điều hiển nhiên.
Ví dụ về một sự thật hiển nhiên sử dụng thì hiện tại đơn:
- The Sun sets in the West (Mặt trời lặn ở phía Tây)
- The Sun doesn’t (does not) set in the South (Mặt trời không lặn ở phía Nam)
Các trạng từ này thường đứng trước động từ thường, đứng sau động từ to be và trợ động từ (Always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom,…).
| ST | Động từ tobe | Động từ thường |
| Công thức |
- I + am - He/ She/ It/ Danh từ số ít/ Danh từ không đếm được + is - You/ We/ They/ Danh từ số nhiều + are |
S + V(s/es) - I/ We/ You/ They/ Danh từ số nhiều + V(nguyên thể) - He/ She/ It/ Danh từ số ít/ Danh từ không đếm được + V(s/es) |
| Ví dụ |
- I am an engineer. (Tôi là một kỹ sư.) - He is a lecturer. (Ông ấy là một giảng viên.) - The car is expensive. (Chiếc ô tô này rất đắt tiền.) - They are students. (Họ là sinh viên.) |
- I often go to school on foot. (Tôi thường đi bộ đến trường.) - She does yoga every evening. (Cô ấy tập yoga mỗi tối.) - The Sun sets in the West. (Mặt trời lặn ở hướng Tây.) |
Lưu ý:
- Với các từ có tận cùng là “o”, “ch”, “sh”, “x”, “s” thì khi dùng với ngôi số ít, thêm đuôi “es”. (go -goes; do – does; watch – watches; fix – fixes, miss – misses, wash - washes )
- Với các từ có tận cùng là “y” thì khi dùng với ngôi số ít, bỏ “y” và thêm đuôi “ies” (copy – copies; study – studies)
- Với các từ còn lại, thêm đuôi “s”. (see – sees; play – plays,…)
|
Động từ “to be” |
Động từ chỉ hành động |
|
|
Công thức |
S + am/are/is + not +N/ Adj |
S + do/ does + not + V(nguyên thể) (Trong đó: “do”, “does” là các trợ động từ.) |
|
Chú ý (Viết tắt) |
is not = isn’t are not = aren’t |
do not = don’t does not = doesn’t |
|
Ví dụ |
• I am not an engineer. (Tôi không phải là một kỹ sư.) • He is not (isn’t) a lecturer. (Ông ấy không phải là một giảng viên.) • The car is not (isn’t) expensive. (Chiếc ô tô không đắt tiền.) • They are not (aren’t) students. (Họ không phải là sinh viên.) |
• I do not (don’t) often go to school on foot. (Tôi không thường đi bộ đến trường.) • She does not (doesn’t) do yoga every evening. (Cô ấy không tập yoga mỗi tối.) • The Sun does not (doesn’t) set in the South. (Mặt trời không lặn ở hướng Nam.) |
Đối với Câu phủ định, phần động từ thường, các bạn rất hay mắc phải lỗi thêm “s” hoặc “es” đằng sau động từ. Các bạn chú ý:
Chủ ngữ + don’t/ doesn’t + V (nguyên thể - không chia)
Ví dụ:
Câu sai: She doesn’t likes chocolate. (Sai vì đã có “doesn’t” mà động từ “like” vẫn có đuôi “s”)
=> Câu đúng: She doesn’t like chocolate.
a. Câu nghi vấn sử dụng trợ động từ (Câu hỏi Yes/ No)
|
|
Động từ to “be” |
Động từ chỉ hành động |
|
|
Công thức |
Q: Am/ Are/ Is (not) + S + N/Adj? A: - Yes, S + am/ are/ is. - No, S + am not/ aren’t/ isn’t. |
Q: Do/ Does (not) + S + V (nguyên thể)? A: - Yes, S + do/ does. - No, S + don’t/ doesn’t. |
|
|
Ví dụ |
Q: Are you an engineer? (Bạn có phải là kỹ sư không? A: Yes, I am. (Đúng vậy) No, I am not. (Không phải) |
Q: Does she go to work by taxi? (Cô ấy đi làm bằng taxi phải không?) A: Yes, she does. (Có) No, she doesn’t. (Không) |
|
b. Câu nghi vấn sử dụng từ hỏi bắt đầu bằng Wh-
|
|
Động từ to “be” |
Động từ chỉ hành động |
|
|
Công thức |
Wh- + am/ are/ is (not) + S + N/Adj? |
Wh- + do/ does (not) + S + V (nguyên thể)….? |
|
|
Ví dụ |
- Where are you from? (Bạn đến từ đâu?) - Who are they? (Họ là ai?) |
- Where do you come from? (Bạn đến từ đâu?) - What do you do? (Bạn làm nghề gì?) |
|
|
Trạng từ chỉ tần suất |
|
|
always, constantly usually, frequently often, occasionally |
sometimes seldom, rarely every day/ week/ month ... |
Có 3 quy tắc chia động từ trong thì hiện tại đơn như sau:
1. Với các từ có tận cùng là “o“, “ch“, “sh“, “x“, “s” thì khi dùng với ngôi số ít, thêm đuôi “es”. Ví dụ: Go -Goes, Do – Does, Teach – Teaches, Mix – Mixes, Kiss – Kisses, Brush – Brushes.
2. Với các từ có tận cùng là “y” thì khi dùng với ngôi số ít, bỏ “y” và thêm đuôi “ies” Ví dụ: Apology – Apologies; Ability – Abilities).
3. Với các từ còn lại, thêm đuôi “s”. (Get – Gets, Swim – Swims,…).
Có 4 cách dùng thì hiện tại đơn trong cuộc sống hàng ngày và hãy đảm bảo rằng bạn đã xác định đúng đại từ nhân xưng (chia ngôi của chủ ngữ) nhé!
Ví dụ:
My boyfriend always gets up early (Bạn trai của tôi lúc nào cũng dậy sớm).
➝ Chủ ngữ ” My boyfriend” nên động từ “get” phải thêm “s”
I usually go to school at 7 a.m (Tôi thường đi học lúc 7 giờ sáng).
➝ Chủ ngữ “I” nên động từ “go” không chia
Ví dụ:
Ví dụ:
Ví dụ:
Bài 1. Chọn đáp án đúng
1. I ——————— at a bank.
A. work
B. works
C. working
2. She ——————– with her parents.
A. live
B. lives
C. living
3. Cows ———————– on grass.
A. feed
B. feeds
C. feeding
4. He ———————- a handsome salary.
A. earn
B. earns
C. earning
5. Janet ———————- to be a singer.
A. want
B. wants
C. wanting
6. Emily ———————– delicious cookies.
A. make
B. makes
C. making
7. Arti and her husband ——————- in Singapore.
A. live
B. lives
C. living
8. Rohan and Sania ———————- to play card games.
A. like
B. likes
C. liking
9. Sophia ————————– English very well.
A. speak
B. speaks
C. speaking
10. Martin ———————– for a walk in the morning.
A. go
B. goes
C. going
11. My grandfather ——————– his pet dog.
A. adore
B. adores
C. adoring
12. Plants ———————– water and sunlight for making their food.
A. need
B. needs
C. needing
Đáp án:
1 - A; 2 - B; 3 - A; 4 - B; 5 - B; 6 - B;
7 - A; 8 - A; 9 - B; 10 - B; 11 - B; 12 - A.
Bài 2. Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng đúng
1. I (be) ________ at school at the weekend.
2. She (not study) ________ on Friday.
3. My students (be not) ________ hard working.
4. He (have) ________ a new haircut today.
5. I usually (have) ________ breakfast at 7.00.
6. She (live) ________ in a house?
7. Where (be)____ your children?
8. My sister (work) ________ in a bank.
9. Dog (like) ________ meat.
10. She (live)________ in Florida.
11. It (rain)________ almost every day in Manchester.
12. We (fly)________ to Spain every summer.
13. My mother (fry)________ eggs for breakfast every morning.
14. The bank (close)________ at four o'clock.
15. John (try)________ hard in class, but I (not think) ________ he'll pass.
16. Jo is so smart that she (pass)________ every exam without even trying.
17. My life (be)_____ so boring. I just (watch)________ TV every night.
18. My best friend (write)________ to me every week.
19. You (speak) ________ English?
20. She (not live) ________ in HaiPhong city.
Đáp án:
1. I am at school at the weekend.
2. She doesn’t study on Friday.
3. My students are not/ aren’t hard working.
4. He has a new haircut today.
5. I usually have breakfast at 7.00.
6. Does she live in a house?
7. Where are your children?
8. My sister works in a bank.
9. Dog likes meat.
10. She lives in Florida.
11. It rains almost every day in Manchester.
12. We fly to Spain every summer.
13. My mother fries eggs for breakfast every morning.
14. The bank closes at four o’clock.
15. John tries hard in class, but I do not think/ don’t think he’ll pass.
16. Jo is so smart that she passes every exam without even trying.
17. My life is so boring. I just watch TV every night.
18. My best friend writes to me every week.
19. Do you speak English?
20. She does not live/ doesn’t live in Hai Phong city.
Bài 3. Chọn đáp án đúng
1. I don’t stay/ doesn’t stay at home.
2. We don’t wash/ doesn’t wash the family car.
3. Doris don’t do/ doesn’t do her homework.
4. They don’t go/ doesn’t go to bed at 8.30 p.m.
5. Kevin don’t open/ doesn’t open his workbook.
6. Our hamster don’t eat/ doesn’t eat apples.
7. You don’t chat/ doesn’t chat with your friends.
8. She don’t use/ doesn’t use a ruler.
9. Max, Frank and Steve don’t skate/ doesn’t skate in the yard.
10. The boy don’t throw/ doesn’t throw stones.
Đáp án:
1. I don’t stay/ doesn’t stay at home.
2. We don’t wash/ doesn’t wash the family car.
3. Doris don’t do/ doesn’t do her homework.
4. They don’t go/ doesn’t go to bed at 8.30 p.m.
5. Kevin don’t open/ doesn’t open his workbook.
6. Our hamster don’t eat/ doesn’t eat apples.
7. You don’t chat/ doesn’t chat with your friends.
8. She don’t use/ doesn’t use a ruler.
9. Max, Frank and Steve don’t skate/ doesn’t skate in the yard.
10. The boy don’t throw/ doesn’t throw stones.
Bài 4. Hoàn thành các câu sau (Chuyển sang câu phủ định)
1. She feeds the animals. - She __________________ the animals.
2. We take photos. - We ______________ photos.
3. Sandy does the housework every Thursday. - Sandy _____________ the housework every Thursday.
4. The boys have two rabbits. - The boys ___________ two rabbits.
5. Simon can read English books. - Simon ___________ read English books.
6. He listens to the radio every evening. - She ___________ to the radio every evening.
7. Annie is the best singer of our school. - Annie __________ the best singer of our school.
8. The children are at home. - The children ___________ at home.
9. The dog runs after the cat. - The dog __________ after the cat.
10. Lessons always finish at 3 o'clock. - Lessons _________________ at 3 o'clock.
Đáp án:
1. She does not feed/ doesn't feed the animals.
2. We do not take/ don't take photos.
3. Sandy does not do/ doesn't do the housework every Thursday.
4. The boys do not have/ don't have two rabbits.
5. Simon can not read/ can't read English books.
6. He does not listen/ doesn't listen to the radio every evening.
7. Annie is not/ isn't the best singer of our school.
8. The children are not/ aren't at home.
9. The dog does not run/ doesn't run after the cat.
10. Lessons don't/ do not always finish at 3 o'clock.
Bài 5: Hoàn thành các câu hỏi sau
1. How/ you/ go to school/ ?
- How do you go to school?
2. what/ you/ do/ ?
___________________________________ ?
3. where/ John/ come from/ ?
___________________________________ ?
4. how long/ it/ take from London to Paris/ ?
___________________________________ ?
5. how often/ she/ go to the cinema/ ?
___________________________________ ?
6. when/ you/ get up/ ?
___________________________________ ?
7. how often/ you/ study English/ ?
___________________________________ ?
8. what time/ the film/ start/ ?
___________________________________ ?
9. where/ you/ play tennis/ ?
___________________________________ ?
10. what sports/ Lucy/ like/ ?
___________________________________ ?
Đáp án:
1. How do you go to school?
2. What do you do?
3. Where does John come from?
4. How long does it take from London to Paris?
5. How often does she go to the cinema?
6. When do you get up?
7. How often do you study English?
8. What time does the film start?
9. Where do you play tennis?
10. What sports does Lucy like?
Bài 6: Dùng "do not" hoặc "does not" để hoàn thành những câu sau
1. I ....... prefer coffee.
2. She ....... ride a bike to her office.
3. Their friends ....... live in a small house.
4. They ....... do the homework on weekends.
5. Mike ....... play soccer in the afternoons.
6. The bus ....... arrive at 8.30 a.m.
7. We ....... go to bed at midnight.
8. My brother ....... finish work at 8 p.m.
Đáp án:
1. I don't prefer coffee.
2. She doesn't ride a bike to her office.
3. Their friends don't live in a small house.
4. They don't do the homework on weekends.
5. Mike doesn't play soccer in the afternoons.
6. The bus doesn't arrive at 8.30 a.m.
7. We don't go to bed at midnight.
8. My brother doesn't finish work at 8 p.m.
Bài 7: Hoàn thành cách câu sau
1. ....... Jack like eating hamburgers? => Yes, ........
2. ....... you get up early on Sundays? => No, ........
3. ....... the students always work hard for the exam? => No, ........
4. ....... the train leave at noon every day? => Yes, ........
5. ....... he often play the guitar? => No, ........
6. ....... they take a taxi to school every morning? => Yes, ........
7. ....... Anna and Daisy visit their old teachers on winter holidays? => No, ........
8. ....... water boil at 100 degrees Celsius? => Yes, ........
Đáp án:
1. Does Jack like eating hamburgers? => Yes, he does.
2. Do you get up early on Sundays? => No, I don't/ I do not.
3. Do the students always work hard for the exam? => No, they don't/ they do not.
4. Does the train leave at noon every day? => Yes, it does.
5. Does he often play the guitar? => No, he doesn't/ he does not.
6. Do they take a taxi to school every morning? => Yes, they do.
7. Do Anna and Daisy visit their old teachers on winter holidays? => No, they don't/ they do not.
8. Does water boil at 100 degrees Celsius? => Yes, it does.
Bài 8: Hoàn thành các câu sau
1. Robin (play)..........football every Sunday.
2. We (have)..........a holiday in December every year.
3. He often (go)..........to work late.
4. The moon (circle)..........around the earth.
5. The flight (start)..........at 6 a.m every Thursday.
6. Peter (not/ study)..........very hard. He never gets high scores.
7. My mother often (teach)..........me English on Saturday evenings.
8. I like Math and she (like)..........Literature.
9. My sister (wash)..........dishes every day.
10. They (not/ have)..........breakfast every morning.
Đáp án:
1. Robin (play) plays football every Sunday.
2. We (have) have a holiday in December every year.
3. He often (go) goes to work late.
4. The moon (circle) circles around the earth.
5. The flight (start) starts at 6 a.m every Thursday.
6. Peter (not/ study) doesn't study/ does not study very hard. He never gets high scores.
7. My mother often (teach) teaches me English on Saturday evenings.
8. I like Math and she (like) likes Literature.
9. My sister (wash) washes dishes every day.
10. They (not/ have) don't have/ do not have breakfast every morning.
Bài 9: Hoàn thành cách câu sau với từ trong ngoặc
1. My brothers (sleep) on the floor. (often)
=>
2. He (stay) up late? (sometimes)
=>
3. I (do) the housework with my brother. (always)
=>
4. Peter and Mary (come) to class on time. (never)
=>
5. Why Johnson (get) good marks? (always)
=>
6. You (go) shopping? (usually)
=>
7. She (cry). (seldom)
=>
8. My father (have) popcorn. (never)
=>
Đáp án:
1. My brothers often sleep on the floor.
2. Does he sometimes stay up late?/ Does he stay up late sometimes?
3. I always do the housework with my brother.
4. Peter and Mary never come to class on time.
5. Why does Johnson always get good marks?
6. Do you usually go shopping?
7. She seldom cries.
8. My father never has popcorn.
Bài 10: Chia động từ trong ngoặc đúng để hoàn thành đoạn văn sau (thì hiện tại đơn hoặc hiện tại tiếp diễn)
Dear Editor! I _____________________ (write) this letter because it _____________________ (seem) to me that far too many changes _____________________ (take) place in my country these days, and, as a result, we _____________________ (lose) our identity. I _____________________ (live) in a small town but even this town _____________________ (change) before my eyes. For example, town authorities _____________________ (build) a burger place where my favourite restaurant used to be. Our culture _____________________ (belong) to everybody, and I _____________________ (not understand) why the town leaders _____________________ (not do) to preserve it. They simply _____________________ (not care). In fact, I _____________________ (think) of starting an action group. I _____________________ (appear) on a TV show on Friday evening to make people aware of how important this issue is. It’s time for us to start doing something before it _____________________ (get) too late.
Đáp án:
1. am writing
2. seems
3. are taking
4. are losing
5. is changing
6. are building
7. belongs
8. don’t understand
9. aren’t doing
10. don’t care
11. am thinking
12. am appearing
13. gets
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