Topic: Fish and Fishing | Bài mẫu IELTS Speaking part 1
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Bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu là gì?| Định nghĩa, công thức, cấu trúc và bài tập vận dụng
Động từ khuyết thiếu (Modal verbs) là những động từ dùng để bổ nghĩa cho động từ chính, dùng để nói về khả năng, dự định, lời khuyên hoặc yêu cầu. Điều đặc biệt là động từ chính sẽ để ở dạng nguyên mẫu khi đi cùng động từ khuyết thiếu.
Câu bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu là sử dụng động từ khuyết thiếu kết hợp với động từ “be” và quá khứ phân từ (V3) để diễn tả hành động được thực hiện bởi một chủ ngữ khác.
1. Can/Could: có thể
|
Thì hiện tại |
Thì quá khứ |
---|---|---|
Thể chủ động |
Can + Bare-inf |
Could + Bare-inf |
Thể bị động |
Can + be + V-ed/PP (Past Participle) |
Could + have been + V-ed/PP (Past Participle) |
Ví dụ:
2. May/Might: có lẽ
|
Thì hiện tại |
Thì quá khứ |
---|---|---|
Thể chủ động |
May/Might + Bare-inf |
May/Might + Bare-inf |
Thể bị động |
May/Might + be + V-ed/PP (Past Participle) |
May/Might + have been + V-ed/PP (Past Participle) |
Ví dụ:
3. Should/Ought to: nên
|
Thì hiện tại |
Thì quá khứ |
---|---|---|
Thể chủ động |
Should/Ought to + Bare-inf |
Should/Ought to + Bare-inf |
Thể bị động |
Should/Ought to + be + V-ed/PP (Past Participle) |
Should/Ought to + have been + V-ed/PP (Past Participle) |
Ví dụ:
4. Must/Have to: phải
|
Thì hiện tại |
Thì quá khứ |
---|---|---|
Thể chủ động |
Must/Have to + Bare-inf |
Must/Have to + Bare-inf |
Thể bị động |
Must/Have to + be + V-ed/PP (Past Participle) |
Must/Have to + have been + V-ed/PP (Past Participle) |
Ví dụ:
5. Will/Be going to: sẽ
Thể chủ động |
Will/Be going to + Bare-inf |
Thể bị động |
Will/be going to + be + V-ed/PP (Past Participle) |
Ví dụ:
Sau khi đã hiểu về động từ khuyết thiếu và câu bị động, hãy cùng 1900 tìm hiểu cấu trúc chung của câu bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu dưới đây:
Hiện tại: S + model verbs + (not) + be + V3/Ved (Past Participle)
Quá khứ: S + model verbs + (not) + have been + V3/Ved (Past Participle)
Cụ thể cấu trúc câu bị động với từng loại động từ khuyết thiếu như sau:
Động từ khuyết thiếu |
Cấu trúc câu bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu |
Ví dụ |
Can/Could: có thể |
Hiện tại: S + can/could + (not) + be + V3/Ved Quá khứ: S + can/could + (not) + have been + V3/Ved |
|
May/Might: có lẽ |
Hiện tại: S + may/might + (not) + be + V3/Ved Quá khứ: S + may/might + (not) + have been + V3/Ved |
|
Should/ Ought to: nên |
Hiện tại: S + should/ought to + (not) + be + V3/Ved Quá khứ: S + should/ought to + (not) + have been + V3/Ved |
|
Will/ Would: sẽ, có thể |
Hiện tại: S + will/would + (not) + be + V3/Ved Quá khứ: S + will/would + (not) + have been + V3/Ved |
|
Must: phải |
Hiện tại: S + must + (not) + be + V3/Ved Quá khứ: S + must + (not) + have been + V3/Ved |
|
Have to: phải Chú ý: “have to” được sử dụng giống động từ thường |
Hiện tại:
Quá khứ:
|
|
Bài 1: Chuyển những câu sau sang câu bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu
1. The government must take action to address the climate crisis.
2. The company may announce the new policy soon.
3. The doctor will perform surgery on this patient next month.
4. Sarah should explain the homework to the students.
5. The company will send out a new product announcement next week.
6. The students must complete their assignments by the end of the week.
7. He may not have finished the project yet.
8. Jenny should clean her room every day.
9. You have to sign the document before leaving.
10. Martin will announce the winner tomorrow.
Đáp án:
1. Action must be taken by the government to address the climate crisis.
2. The policy may be announced by the company soon.
3. Surgery will be performed on this patient by the doctor next month.
4. The homework should be explained to the students by Sarah.
5. A new product announcement will be sent out next week by the company.
6. The assignments must be completed by the students by the end of the week.
7. The project may not have been finished by him yet.
8. The room should be cleaned by Jenny every day.
9. The document has to be signed by you before leaving.
10. The winner will be announced by Martin tomorrow.
Bài 2: Chuyển các câu từ thể chủ động sang thể bị động, sử dụng động từ khuyết thiếu phù hợp.
1. They can finish the project on time.
The project _______________ on time.
2. She should call her mother.
Her mother _______________ by her.
3. They must complete the task before the deadline.
The task _______________ before the deadline.
4. You could have helped him with his homework.
He _______________ with his homework.
5. They might announce the results next week.
The results _______________ next week.
6. She will organize a meeting for the team.
A meeting _______________ for the team.
7. You must wear a uniform at school.
A uniform _______________ at school.
8. They can see the movie tonight.
The movie _______________ tonight.
9. She should take her medication regularly.
Her medication _______________ regularly.
10. He might have visited his grandparents last weekend.
His grandparents _______________ last weekend.
Đáp án
1. The project can be finished on time.
2. Her mother should be called by her.
3. The task must be completed before the deadline.
4. He could have been helped with his homework.
5. The results might be announced next week.
6. A meeting will be organized for the team.
7. A uniform must be worn at school.
8. The movie can be seen tonight.
9. Her medication should be taken regularly.
10. His grandparents might have been visited last weekend.
Bài 3: Chuyển các câu từ thể bị động sang thể chủ động, sử dụng động từ khuyết thiếu phù hợp.
1. The report can be submitted by you.
You _______________ the report.
2. The room must be cleaned by us.
We _______________ the room.
3. The documents might be reviewed by the manager.
The manager _______________ the documents.
4. The package should be delivered by the courier.
The courier _______________ the package.
5. The problem can be solved by the team.
The team _______________ the problem.
6. The song will be performed by the band.
The band _______________ the song.
7. The car must be repaired by the mechanic.
The mechanic _______________ the car.
8. The invitation could have been sent by her.
She _______________ the invitation.
9. The decision might have been made by the committee.
The committee _______________ the decision.
10. The proposal should be reviewed by the board.
The board _______________ the proposal.
Đáp án
1. You can submit the report.
2. We must clean the room.
3. The manager might review the documents.
4. The courier should deliver the package.
5. The team can solve the problem.
6. The band will perform the song.
7. The mechanic must repair the car.
8. She could have sent the invitation.
9. The committee might have made the decision.
10. The board should review the proposal.
Bài 4: Chọn động từ khuyết thiếu và cấu trúc câu bị động phù hợp để hoàn thành câu.
1. The cake _______________ by her for the party.
A) can be baked
B) must bake
C) will bake
D) should be baking
2. The project _______________ on time if you start now.
A) can be finished
B) should finish
C) might be finishing
D) must be finished
3. The announcement _______________ at the end of the meeting.
A) will be made
B) could make
C) may be making
D) should be done
4. The report _______________ by the end of this week.
A) must be completed
B) will be completing
C) can complete
D) might be complete
5. The application _______________ by tomorrow.
A) should be submitted
B) could submit
C) must be submitted
D) will submit
6. The problem _______________ next week.
A) might be solved
B) will solve
C) should solving
D) must solve
7. The tickets _______________ at the gate.
A) can be bought
B) must be buy
C) will be buying
D) should buy
8. The email _______________ as soon as possible.
A) should be sent
B) could be send
C) must sending
D) will sent
9. The new policy _______________ next month.
A) will be implemented
B) should implement
C) can implement
D) might be implementing
10. The lecture _______________ by a famous professor.
A) will be given
B) might giving
C) should give
D) could be gave
Đáp án
1. A) can be baked
2. A) can be finished
3. A) will be made
4. A) must be completed
5. C) must be submitted
6. A) might be solved
7. A) can be bought
8. A) should be sent
9. A) will be implemented
10. A) will be given
Bài 5: Chọn đáp án đúng để chuyển đổi câu từ thể chủ động sang thể bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu.
1. She will finish the book.
The book _______________ by her.
A) will be finished
B) could be finished
C) can be finished
D) should be finished
2. They should clean the house.
The house _______________ by them.
A) should be cleaned
B) will clean
C) might clean
D) could be cleaned
3. We might organize a trip.
trip _______________ by us.
A) might be organized
B) should be organized
C) could organize
D) will organize
4. You must follow the instructions.
The instructions _______________ by you.
A) must be followed
B) can follow
C) should follow
D) might be followed
5. She can solve the issue.
The issue _______________ by her.
A) can be solved
B) should solve
C) will be solved
D) might solve
6. He could help us with the project.
We _______________ with the project.
A) could be helped
B) might help
C) can be helped
D) should be helped
7. They must deliver the goods.
The goods _______________ by them.
A) must be delivered
B) should be delivered
C) will deliver
D) can be delivered
8. She might attend the conference.
The conference _______________ by her.
A) might be attended
B) should attend
C) will attend
D) could be attended
9. You should review your notes.
Your notes _______________ by you.
A) should be reviewed
B) could review
C) must be reviewed
D) might review
10. We will discuss the plan.
The plan _______________ by us.
A) will be discussed
B) could be discussed
C) should discuss
D) might be discussed
Đáp án
1. A) will be finished
2. A) should be cleaned
3. A) might be organized
4. A) must be followed
5. A) can be solved
6. A) could be helped
7. A) must be delivered
8. A) might be attended
9. A) should be reviewed
10. A) will be discussed
Bài 6: Điền động từ khuyết thiếu và cấu trúc câu bị động vào các chỗ trống.
1. The cake _______________ by her for the party.
2. The issue _______________ by the team last week.
3. The book _______________ by the author next month.
4. The car _______________ by the mechanic now.
5. The lesson _______________ by the teacher every day.
6. The test _______________ on time if you study hard.
7. The rules _______________ before the event starts.
8. The report _______________ by the end of the week.
9. The problem _______________ by the end of the day.
10. The email _______________ as soon as possible.
Đáp án
1. can be baked
2. could have been resolved
3. will be published
4. is being repaired
5. is taught
6. can be passed
7. should be explained
8. must be submitted
9. will be solved
10. should be sent
Bài 7: Xác định và sửa lỗi trong các câu bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu.
1. The report should completed by the end of the day.
2. The project can be complete on time.
3. The email will be sent tomorrow by me.
4. The new policy might be implemented next month.
5. The exam should be taking place now.
6. The issue could resolved yesterday.
7. The invitation must be sent by her.
8. The meeting will be arranged by the secretary.
9. The books might have been finished last week.
10. The lesson must be taught every day.
Đáp án
1. The report should be completed by the end of the day.
2. The project can be completed on time.
3. The email will be sent by me tomorrow.
4. The new policy might be implemented next month.
5. The exam should be taking place now.
6. The issue could have been resolved yesterday.
7. The invitation must be sent by her.
8. The meeting will be arranged by the secretary.
9. The books might have been finished last week.
10. The lesson must be taught every day.
Bài 8: Chọn động từ khuyết thiếu đúng để hoàn thành câu bị động.
1. The homework _______________ by the students.
A) must be done
B) could be done
C) should do
D) will done
2. The report _______________ by tomorrow.
A) will be submitted
B) could submit
C) should be submitted
D) can be submit
3. The book _______________ by the library next month.
A) will be returned
B) could be returned
C) should return
D) must be returning
4. The issue _______________ soon.
A) might be resolved
B) can resolve
C) must resolving
D) should be resolved
5. The meeting _______________ on Friday.
A) will be held
B) could hold
C) should be holding
D) might hold
6. The food _______________ by the caterer.
A) will be prepared
B) must prepare
C) could prepare
D) should be prepared
7. The task _______________ by the team next week.
A) should be completed
B) might complete
C) will be completing
D) can completed
8. The presentation _______________ next month.
A) will be given
B) should giving
C) could give
D) must be given
9. The letter _______________ by the end of the day.
A) must be sent
B) can send
C) should send
D) might be sending
10. The issue _______________ if you study harder.
A) can be solved
B) should solve
C) will solve
D) might be solving
Đáp án
1. A) must be done
2. A) will be submitted
3. A) will be returned
4. A) might be resolved
5. A) will be held
6. D) should be prepared
7. A) should be completed
8. A) will be given
9. A) must be sent
10. A) can be solved
Bài 9: Chuyển những câu sau sang thể bị động
1. Teachers should give students a lot of care and attention.
→..............................................................................................................…
2. They founded an association to offer poor women more help in the city.
→..............................................................................................................…
3. Authorities must take prompt action to deal with recent rising problems.
→..............................................................................................................…
4. The school will send a congratulation card and an invitation to a private meeting to students who receive the scholarship.
→..............................................................................................................…
5. Schools should hold more outdoor activities for students to experience and learn from.
→..............................................................................................................…
6. They should prevent gender discrimination between men and women at all costs, especially in the
workplace.
→..............................................................................................................…
7. My father will take my motorcycle to the store to do a check-up.
→..............................................................................................................…
8. She has to wash the towels every two weeks.
→..............................................................................................................…
9. A lack of sleep could cause a splitting headache.
→..............................................................................................................…
10. They are going to pull down the house to rebuild it.
→..............................................................................................................…
11. I have to read at least one story for my children before bedtime.
→..............................................................................................................…
12. The restaurant will serve their local cuisine tonight as part of their special menu.
→..............................................................................................................…
13. They may offer outer-space tours for those who love astronomy and can afford them.
→..............................................................................................................…
14. This new device could sense the possibility of an earthquake with a pretty high rate of accuracy.
→..............................................................................................................…
15. The police might give a reward to anyone who provides sufficient information about the wanted
criminal.
→..............................................................................................................…
Đáp án
1. Students should be given a lot of care and attention by teachers.
2. An association was founded to offer poor women more help in the city.
3. Prompt action must be taken to deal with recent rising problems by authorities.
4. A congratulation card and an invitation to a private meeting will be sent to students who receive the
scholarship by the school.
5. More outdoor activities should be held for students to experience and learn from.
6. Gender discrimination between men and women should be prevented at all costs, especially in the
workplace.
7. My motorcycle will be taken to the store for a check-up by my father.
8. The towels have to be washed every two weeks.
9. A splitting headache could be caused by a lack of sleep.
10. The house is going to be pulled down and rebuilt.
11. At least one story has to be read to my children before bedtime.
12. The local cuisine will be served at the restaurant tonight as part of their special menu.
13. Outer-space tours may be offered for those who love astronomy and can afford them.
14. The possibility of an earthquake could be sensed with a pretty high rate of accuracy by this new
device.
15. A reward might be given to anyone who provides sufficient information about the wanted criminal by
the police.
Bài 10: Chuyển những câu sau sang thể bị động
1. I can not answer the question.
_________________________________
2. Jenny could lift up that big box without any help.
_________________________________
3. It is raining. You should close the window.
_________________________________
4. We might cancel our trip due to bad weather.
_________________________________
5. You ought to wash the car.
_________________________________
6. He must complete the form before giving it to the accountant.
_________________________________
7. We shouldn’t buy that used car because it looks so old and rusty.
_________________________________
8. He could not leave her in the middle of nowhere like that.
_________________________________
9. You have to take a test so that we can evaluate your knowledge of English.
_________________________________
10. You should cook this type of meat for 90 minutes to get all the flavors out of it.
_________________________________
Đáp án
1. The question can not be answered.
2. That big box could be lifted up by Jenny without any help.
3. It is raining. The window should be closed.
4. Our trip might be canceled due to bad weather.
5. Your car ought to be washed.
6. The form must be completed before being given to the accountant.
7. That used car shouldn’t be bought because it looks so old and rusty.
8. She could not be left in the middle of nowhere like that.
9. A test has to be taken so that we can evaluate your knowledge of English.
10. This type of meat should be cooked for 90 minutes to get all the flavors out of it
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