Cấu trúc câu gián tiếp, trực tiếp trong tiếng Anh | Bài tập về câu trực tiếp, gián tiếp

Cấu trúc câu gián tiếp, trực tiếp trong tiếng Anh | Bài tập về câu trực tiếp, gián tiếp

Cấu trúc câu gián tiếp là gì? Cấu trúc câu trực tiếp là gì?

Vậy cấu trúc câu gián tiếp là gì? cấu trúc câu trực tiếp là gì? Chúng ta hãy đi là rõ hai khái niệm này nhé!

Cấu trúc câu trực tiếp (direct speech)

Đây là một câu nói chính xác lời của một người diễn đạt, do đó nó còn được gọi là câu trích dẫn. 

Cấu trúc câu trực tiếp bao gồm: [Mệnh đề tường thuật] + [“mệnh đề được tường thuật lại”]. Mệnh đề được tường thuật lại sẽ đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép nhằm nhắc lại chính xác câu từ của người nói. 

Ví dụ:  He said, “ I went to school yesterday” -> Anh ấy nói là hôm qua anh ấy đi học. 

Cấu trúc câu gián tiếp (indirect speech)

Là một câu nói thuật lại lời của một người khác nói ở dạng gián tiếp, cấu trúc câu gián tiếp không sử dụng dấu ngoặc kép và có sự biến đổi về thì của câu. 

Cấu trúc câu gián tiếp bao gồm: [Mệnh đề tường thuật] + that + [Mệnh đề được tường thuật lại]. Câu gián tiếp được thêm từ “that” để nối hai vế câu lại với nhau. 

Ví dụ: Mary said that she is hungry now. -> Mary nói là cô ấy đang đói bụng. 

Quy tắc chuyển cấu trúc câu trực tiếp sang cấu trúc câu gián tiếp

1. Trường hợp 1

Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề chính là thì hiện tại đơn - simple present - (say), hiện tại hoàn thành - present perfect - (have/has said) hoặc thì tương lai đơn -simple future - (will say), thì trong câu gián tiếp chúng ta đổi đại từ và chia động từ tương ứng với đại từ đó là được. 

Ví dụ 1: My mother says, “I hope it will rain tomorrow” -> My mother says that she hopes it will rain tomorrow. 

Ví dụ 2: Mira has said, “ I am sad now” -> Mira has said that she is sad now. 

2. Trường hợp 2

Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính ở thì quá khứ đơn - simple past - (said) thì trong cấu trúc câu gián tiếp chúng ta cần đổi thì, đổi đại từ và một số cụm từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn. Trong trường hợp này, khi chuyển cấu trúc câu từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp bạn cần lưu ý những thay đổi sau: 

• Biến đổi thì động từ 

Trường hợp ngoại lệ, nếu lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một thói quen hoặc một sự thật hiển nhiên thì khi chuyển chúng về gián tiếp bạn có thể sử dụng simple present thay vì simple past. 

Ví dụ: I go to bed late every evening -> She said she goes/ gone to bed late every evening 

• Đối với những động từ khiếm khuyết (modal verbs) ta có thể sử dụng những động từ cùng nghĩa khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp: 

•  Thay đổi giới từ và trạng từ của câu

Các cách chuyển đổi câu trực tiếp sang cấu trúc câu gián tiếp

1. Cấu trúc câu gián tiếp dạng mệnh lệnh/yêu cầu

Câu mệnh lệnh/yêu cầu thường được sử dụng các động từ như: order, command, tell, ask, request, require,...

Cách chuyển: 

Câu trực tiếp: S + tell/request/require/… + O + to-infinitive.

-> Câu gián tiếp: S + told/requested/ required + O + not to-infinitive.

Ví dụ: “Hurry up”, the teacher said to them -> The teacher told them to hurry up. 

2. Câu gián tiếp dạng câu hỏi 

Về câu hỏi thì được chia làm 2 dạng là câu hỏi yes-no và câu hỏi Wh

• Câu hỏi yes-no

Cấu trúc: S+ asked/inquired/wondered, wanted to know + if/whether +S +V

Ví dụ: “Have you watched that film?” -> He asked if/whether I had watched that film.

• Câu hỏi wh ( who, what, where, when)

Cấu trúc: S + asked(+O)/wanted to know/required/wondered + Wh-words + S + V.

Ví dụ: What time does the class begin? -> She wanted to know what time the class began

3. Câu gián tiếp dạng câu cảm thán 

Cấu trúc: S+ said/told/exclaimed + that + S + V(lùi thì) + O

Ví dụ: What a lovely house they have! -> She said what a lovely house they had.

4. Câu gián tiếp dạng trần thuật 

Cấu trúc:  S + say(s)/said + that + S + V

Ví dụ: I saw him yesterday -> She said she had seen him the previous day. 

5. Những trường hợp đặc biệt của câu gián tiếp 

Khi chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, chúng ta không đổi thì ở mệnh đề phù trong các trường hợp đặc biệt sau: 

• Động từ trong câu trực tiếp có thời gian cụ thể 

Ví dụ: She said, “ I was born in 1990” -> She said that she was born in 1990. 

• Câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3

Ví dụ: She said, “If I were you, I wouldn’t come here” -> She said if she were me she wouldn’t come here. 

• Quá khứ giả định

Ví dụ: Mira said, “I wish I were a boy” -> Mira said that she wished she were a boy

• Câu trực tiếp có chứa could, should, might, used to, ought to, would rather, had better,...

Ví dụ: Mary said to me, “ you had better not call him” - > Mary said to me I had better not call him. 

• Câu trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lý, một tình huống không đổi. 

Ví dụ: My teacher said, “the sun rises in the East” -> My teacher said the sun rises in the East.

Bài tập về câu trực tiếp, gián tiếp trong tiếng Anh

Bài tập 1: Chuyển các câu sau từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp

1. "Where's my book?" Linh asked.

Linh asked................................................................................. .................

2. "Where are you going?" Lan asked us.

Lan asked us................................................................................ .......................

3. My brother asked: "Have I cleaned the room?"

My brother asked................................................................................. .................

4. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter.

Mother asks her daughter...........................................................................

5. "What color shirt do you like the most?" I asked my boyfriend.

I asked my boyfriend……………………. ..................................

6. "What are they doing?" My father asked.

My father wants to know...................................................................

7. "Will she go to the movies?" My brother asked Lan

My brother wants to know................................................................................. 

8. The teacher asked: "Did the whole class do the English homework?"

Teachers want to know ................................................................................. …

9. "Why did you lie?" she asked me.

She asked me.............................................. .................

10. "Have you talked to your family?" my friend asked me.

My friend asked me ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 

Đáp án:

1. Linh asked where his book was.

2. Lan asked where we were going

3. My brother asked if I cleaned the room

4. The mother asks where her daughter has been.

5. I asked my boyfriend what color shirt he liked best.

6. My dad wants to know what they're doing.

7. My brother wants to know if Lan is going to the movies.

8. The teacher wants to know if the whole class has done the English homework.

9. She asked me why I lied.

10. My friend asked me if I talked to my family.

Bài tập 2: Chọn đáp án đúng

1. “How old are you?” he asked.

A. He asked me how old are you.

B. He asked me how old I am

C. He asked me how old was I.

D. He asked me how old I was.

2. My mother asked me: “Where are you going?”

A. My mother asked me where was I going.

B. My mother asked me where I was going.

C. My mother asked me where is I going.

D. My mother asked me where I is going.

3. “Keep silent” said the teacher to the kids.

A. The teacher told the kids to keep silent.

B. The teacher said the kids to keep silent.

C. The teacher told the kids keep silent.

D. The teacher told to the kids to keep silent.

4. “I didn't see my family last week.”, Linh said.

A. Linh said he didn’t see my family last week before.

B. Linh said he hasn’t seen my family last week.

C. Linh said he hadn’t seen my family last week.

D. Linh said he hadn’t seen my family last week before.

5. “We are ready for the next event”, they said to us.

A. They told us they are ready for the next event.

B. They told us they will ready for the next event.

C. They told us we were ready for the next event.

D. They told us they were ready for the next event.

6. “I have finished the project.”, Linh said to me.

A. Linh told me she has finished the project

B. Linh told me she finished the project.

C. Linh told me she had finished the project.

D. Linh told me she has been finished the project.

7. “Please bring me the menu.” he said to the waitress.

A. He asked the waitress bring him the menu.

B. He asked the waitress to bring her the menu.

C. He asked the waitress to bring him the menu.

D. He asked the waitress bring her the menu.

8. “Don’t shout”, she said to me.

A. She told me don’t shout.

B. She told to me not to shout.

C. She told me not to shout.

D. She said to me don’t shout.

9. “I cleaned the house yesterday”, she said.

A. She told me she had cleaned the house the day before.

B. She said to me I cleaned the house the day before.

C. She told me she had cleaned the house yesterday.

D. She told me she cleaned the house yesterday.

10. “Can you lend me the book?”, he asked me.

A. He asked me can you lend him the book.

B. He asked me could you lend him the book.

C. He asked me if I can lend him the book.

D. He asked me if I could lend him the book.

Đáp án:

1 - D               2 - B            3 - A              4 - D               5 - D

6 - C               7 - C            8 - C             9 - A               10 - D 

Bài tập 3: Chọn đáp án đúng:

1. Linh asked me _____.

A. Where do you come from?                            

B. where I came from 

C. where I came from                                                 

D. where did I come from?

2. She asked me _____ I liked Korean music.

A.when                                        

B.what                                

C.if                                                

D.x

3. The doctor ____ him to drink 2 liters of water.

A.told                                            

B.tell                         

C. have told                                   

D. are telling

4. My brother wanted to know_____ complete this project..

A. when would she                                   

B. when will she               

c. when she will                               

D. when she would

5. Linh told me that her father____ a luxury car.

A. owns       

B. owned                    

C. owning           

D. A and B

6. What did that man say ______?

A. at you      

B. for you             

C. to you                 

D. you

7. I called my friend in America last night, and she said it _______ sunny there.

A. is      

B. were      

C. has been           

D. was

8. The architects have ______ that the house blueprint will be completed on time.

A. promised     

B. promise              

C. promises               

D. promising

9. The doctor _______ him to take more exercise.

A. told         

B. tell               

C. have told           

D. are telling

10. The last time I saw my mother she looked very happy. She explained she’d been on holiday the ______ week.

A. ago      

B. following            

C. next              

D. previous

11. Last week, Lan ______ she put the key on the cupboard.

A. asked         

B. is asking             

C. ask              

D. was asked

12. My sister has ______ this answer wasn’t completely true.

A. admitting that       

B. was admitted that       

C. admitted that                

D. admit that

13. When I called my brother yesterday, he said he was busy ______ days.

A. that           

B. the            

C. then                

D. this

14. My mother wonders _____ the clothes are on sale yet.

A. what          

B. when           

C. where            

D. whether

15. Linh _____ me that my train was about to leave.

A. has reminded       

B. has reminded that      

C. reminded            

D. reminded that

16. Hello, Lan. I didn’t expect to see you today. John said you _____ ill.

A. are         B. were             C. was               D. should be

17. Lan ______ and left.

A. said goodbye to me  B. says goodbye to me    C. tell me goodbye  D. told me goodbye

18. I told you ______ switch off the light, didn’t I?

A. don’t            B. not            C. not to              D. to not

19. Lan was slow, so her brother ________ hurry up.

A. tell him          B. told him for               C. told to       D. told him to

20. Lan was driving too fast, so I ______ to slow down.

A. asked her          B. asked                C. ask           D.have asked her

Đáp án:

1. C                         2. C                    3. A               4. D                   5. D
2. C                         7. D                    8. A               9. A                 10. D
3. A                      12. C                   13. A             14. D                15. C
4. B                     17. A                   18. C              19. D               20. A

Bài tập 4: Viết lại câu

1. “You stole my best watch, Linh!” John said.

- John accused ..................................................................................................... 

2. “You broke my phone, John!” Lan said.

- Lan accused .............................. ....................................................... 

3. “Where was your baby girl born?” the nurse said to Mrs. Lan.

- The nurse asked Mrs. Lan ........................... ................................. ........

4. “Brother John, you should drink 2 liters of water a day,” said the doctor.

- Doctor advised ..................................................................................... 

5. “Will I be able to find this homestay?” Lan said to herself.

- Lan wonders ..................................................................................... 

6. “I'm sorry I lied to you,” Lan told Susan.

- Lan apologizes ..........

7. “When do you get your summer vacation?” Lan asked.

- Lan asked Linh ............................ ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...

8. “Can I have a new pair of shoes, please?” I told her mother.

- I ask ............................................... .................................. .....

9.. “Don't hang out until I get back, Peter,” his mother said.

- Peter's mother told him .............................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...

10. “Don't touch the knife,” Mrs. James told her son.

- Mrs. James told her son ............................ ................................. .. ...

Đáp án:

1. John accused Linh of stealing his best watch.

2. Lan accused John of damaging her phone.

3. The nurse asked Mrs. Lan where her little daughter was born.

4. The doctor advised Mr. John to drink enough 2 liters of water every day.

5. Lan wondered if she could find this homestay.

6. Lan apologizes to Susan for lying to her.

7. Lan asked Linh when he would start his summer vacation.

8. I asked her mother if she could get a new pair of shoes.

9. Peter's mother told him not to go out until she got back.

10. Mrs. James told her son not to touch knives.

Bài tập 5: Viết lại câu mà nghĩa không đổi

1. “If the weather is nice, I will go on a picnic with my family,” he said.

.................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...

2. “What would you do if you had five days off?” I asked him.

................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...

3. “I would come to see you if I didn't have to take the exam, James,” she said.

.................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...

4. "I'm sure I won't be jealous if you tell me the truth", he told me

.................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...

5. “If there's a storm tomorrow, we won't have to go to school,” they told me.

.................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...

6. She told me: “If I were you, I wouldn't choose to give up this dream job.”

.................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...

7. “If a lot of guests come, the homestay will be full.”

................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...

8. “You will be surprised if you meet her.”, Linh told Linda.

.................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...

9. She said: “I will get sick if I stay out in the sun for too long.”

.................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...

10. “What would you do if you saw him?” Linh asked me

.................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...

Đáp án:

1. He said if the weather is nice, he will go on a picnic with his family.

2. I asked him what he would do if he had (have) five days off.

3. She told James that she would come to see him if she didn't have to take the exam.

4. He told me he was sure he wouldn't be jealous if I told him the truth.

5. They told me that if there is a storm tomorrow, we won't have to go to school.

6. She told me that if she were me, she wouldn't choose to give up this dream job.

7. The receptionist told us if many guests come, the homestay will be full.

8. Linh tells Linda that she will be very surprised if she meets you.

9. She said she would get sick if she stayed out in the sun for too long.

10. Linh asked me what I would do if I met him.

Bài tập 6: Chuyển đổi từ câu gián tiếp sang câu trực tiếp

Chuyển các câu gián tiếp sau thành câu trực tiếp:

1. Tom asked if I could help him with his homework.

2. Mary wondered whether it would rain that day.

3. She asked me if I had finished the report.

4. The teacher inquired whether the students understood the lesson.

5. Peter asked me how long I had been waiting.

Đáp án:

1. "Can you help me with my homework?" Tom asked.

2. Mary wondered, "Will it rain today?"

3. "Have you finished the report?" she asked.

4. The teacher asked, "Do you understand the lesson?"

5. Peter asked, "How long have you been waiting?"

Bài tập 7: Chọn đáp án đúng

Chọn câu đúng trong số các câu sau:

1. "Have you ever been to Paris?" she asked me.

A. She asked me if I have ever been to Paris.
B. She asked me if I had ever been to Paris.
C. She asked me if I have ever been to Paris.
D. She asked me if had I ever been to Paris.

2. "Please close the door," she said to him.

A. She asked him to close the door.
B. She said him to close the door.
C. She asked him close the door.
D. She told him close the door.

3. "Are you coming to the party?" John asked.

A. John asked if I was coming to the party.
B. John asked if I am coming to the party.
C. John asked if was I coming to the party.
D. John asked if I coming to the party.

4. "I don't know the answer," she said.

A. She said that she didn't know the answer.
B. She said that she doesn’t know the answer.
C. She said that she hadn’t known the answer.
D. She said that she don’t know the answer.

5. "Will you join us for dinner?" they asked.

A. They asked if I will join them for dinner.
B. They asked if I would join them for dinner.
C. They asked if I would join us for dinner.
D. They asked if will I join them for dinner.

Đáp án:

1. B
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. B

Bài tập 8: Viết lại câu

Viết lại các câu sau theo cách gián tiếp:

1. “I will call you when I arrive,” she said.

2. “What time does the meeting start?” he asked.

3. “I need some help with this project,” she told me.

4. “Did you finish your homework?” the teacher asked.

5. “We will arrive at the airport by noon,” they said.

Đáp án:

1. She said that she would call me when she arrived.

2. He asked what time the meeting started.

3. She told me that she needed some help with that project.

4. The teacher asked if I had finished my homework.

5. They said that they would arrive at the airport by noon.

Bài tập 9: Điền từ và cấu trúc vào câu

Điền từ và cấu trúc phù hợp vào các câu sau để chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp:

1. "Please sit down," the teacher said to the students.

The teacher asked the students ______.

2. "Are you coming to the picnic?" she asked.

She wanted to know ______.

3. "I will finish the report by tomorrow," he said.

He said ______.

4. "Can you tell me the way to the station?" she asked him.

She asked him ______.

5. "What did you do over the weekend?" he asked.

He asked me ______.

Đáp án:

1. The teacher asked the students to sit down.

2. She wanted to know if I was coming to the picnic.

3. He said that he would finish the report by the next day.

4. She asked him if he could tell her the way to the station.

5. He asked me what I had done over the weekend.

Bài tập 10: Viết lại câu theo cấu trúc gián tiếp và trực tiếp

Chuyển các câu từ cấu trúc gián tiếp sang cấu trúc trực tiếp và ngược lại:

1. “You should wear a coat, it’s cold outside,” my friend said.

My friend advised ______.

2. “Have you met my sister?” she asked him.

She asked him ______.

3. “We have finished the project,” they said to the manager.

They informed the manager ______.

4. “Do you want to join the club?” he asked me.

He asked me ______.

5. “I’m sorry for the mistake,” she said to me.

She apologized ______.

Đáp án:

1. My friend advised, "Wear a coat, it’s cold outside."

2. She asked him if he had met her sister.

3. They informed the manager that they had finished the project.

4. He asked me if I wanted to join the club.

5. She apologized to me for the mistake.

Hy vọng các bài tập này giúp bạn luyện tập và củng cố kỹ năng chuyển đổi giữa câu trực tiếp và gián tiếp!

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