Cấu trúc câu gián tiếp, trực tiếp trong tiếng Anh | Bài tập về câu trực tiếp, gián tiếp
Vậy cấu trúc câu gián tiếp là gì? cấu trúc câu trực tiếp là gì? Chúng ta hãy đi là rõ hai khái niệm này nhé!
Đây là một câu nói chính xác lời của một người diễn đạt, do đó nó còn được gọi là câu trích dẫn.
Cấu trúc câu trực tiếp bao gồm: [Mệnh đề tường thuật] + [“mệnh đề được tường thuật lại”]. Mệnh đề được tường thuật lại sẽ đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép nhằm nhắc lại chính xác câu từ của người nói.
Ví dụ: He said, “ I went to school yesterday” -> Anh ấy nói là hôm qua anh ấy đi học.
Là một câu nói thuật lại lời của một người khác nói ở dạng gián tiếp, cấu trúc câu gián tiếp không sử dụng dấu ngoặc kép và có sự biến đổi về thì của câu.
Cấu trúc câu gián tiếp bao gồm: [Mệnh đề tường thuật] + that + [Mệnh đề được tường thuật lại]. Câu gián tiếp được thêm từ “that” để nối hai vế câu lại với nhau.
Ví dụ: Mary said that she is hungry now. -> Mary nói là cô ấy đang đói bụng.
Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề chính là thì hiện tại đơn - simple present - (say), hiện tại hoàn thành - present perfect - (have/has said) hoặc thì tương lai đơn -simple future - (will say), thì trong câu gián tiếp chúng ta đổi đại từ và chia động từ tương ứng với đại từ đó là được.
Ví dụ 1: My mother says, “I hope it will rain tomorrow” -> My mother says that she hopes it will rain tomorrow.
Ví dụ 2: Mira has said, “ I am sad now” -> Mira has said that she is sad now.
Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính ở thì quá khứ đơn - simple past - (said) thì trong cấu trúc câu gián tiếp chúng ta cần đổi thì, đổi đại từ và một số cụm từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn. Trong trường hợp này, khi chuyển cấu trúc câu từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp bạn cần lưu ý những thay đổi sau:
Trường hợp ngoại lệ, nếu lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một thói quen hoặc một sự thật hiển nhiên thì khi chuyển chúng về gián tiếp bạn có thể sử dụng simple present thay vì simple past.
Ví dụ: I go to bed late every evening -> She said she goes/ gone to bed late every evening
Câu mệnh lệnh/yêu cầu thường được sử dụng các động từ như: order, command, tell, ask, request, require,...
Cách chuyển:
Câu trực tiếp: S + tell/request/require/… + O + to-infinitive.
-> Câu gián tiếp: S + told/requested/ required + O + not to-infinitive.
Ví dụ: “Hurry up”, the teacher said to them -> The teacher told them to hurry up.
Về câu hỏi thì được chia làm 2 dạng là câu hỏi yes-no và câu hỏi Wh
Cấu trúc: S+ asked/inquired/wondered, wanted to know + if/whether +S +V
Ví dụ: “Have you watched that film?” -> He asked if/whether I had watched that film.
Cấu trúc: S + asked(+O)/wanted to know/required/wondered + Wh-words + S + V.
Ví dụ: What time does the class begin? -> She wanted to know what time the class began
Cấu trúc: S+ said/told/exclaimed + that + S + V(lùi thì) + O
Ví dụ: What a lovely house they have! -> She said what a lovely house they had.
Cấu trúc: S + say(s)/said + that + S + V
Ví dụ: I saw him yesterday -> She said she had seen him the previous day.
Khi chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, chúng ta không đổi thì ở mệnh đề phù trong các trường hợp đặc biệt sau:
Ví dụ: She said, “ I was born in 1990” -> She said that she was born in 1990.
Ví dụ: She said, “If I were you, I wouldn’t come here” -> She said if she were me she wouldn’t come here.
Ví dụ: Mira said, “I wish I were a boy” -> Mira said that she wished she were a boy
Ví dụ: Mary said to me, “ you had better not call him” - > Mary said to me I had better not call him.
Ví dụ: My teacher said, “the sun rises in the East” -> My teacher said the sun rises in the East.
Bài tập 1: Chuyển các câu sau từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
Linh asked................................................................................. .................
Lan asked us................................................................................ .......................
My brother asked................................................................................. .................
Mother asks her daughter...........................................................................
I asked my boyfriend……………………. ..................................
My father wants to know...................................................................
My brother wants to know.................................................................................
Teachers want to know ................................................................................. …
She asked me.............................................. .................
My friend asked me ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Đáp án:
Linh asked where his book was.
Lan asked where we were going
My brother asked if I cleaned the room
The mother asks where her daughter has been.
I asked my boyfriend what color shirt he liked best.
My dad wants to know what they're doing.
My brother wants to know if Lan is going to the movies.
The teacher wants to know if the whole class has done the English homework.
She asked me why I lied.
My friend asked me if I talked to my family.
Bài tập 2: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. “How old are you?” he asked.
A. He asked me how old are you.
B. He asked me how old I am
C. He asked me how old was I.
D. He asked me how old I was.
2. My mother asked me: “Where are you going?”
A. My mother asked me where was I going.
B. My mother asked me where I was going.
C. My mother asked me where is I going.
D. My mother asked me where I is going.
3. “Keep silent” said the teacher to the kids.
A. The teacher told the kids to keep silent.
B. The teacher said the kids to keep silent.
C. The teacher told the kids keep silent.
D. The teacher told to the kids to keep silent.
4. “I didn't see my family last week.”, Linh said.
A. Linh said he didn’t see my family last week before.
B. Linh said he hasn’t seen my family last week.
C. Linh said he hadn’t seen my family last week.
D. Linh said he hadn’t seen my family last week before.
5. “We are ready for the next event”, they said to us.
A. They told us they are ready for the next event.
B. They told us they will ready for the next event.
C. They told us we were ready for the next event.
D. They told us they were ready for the next event.
6. “I have finished the project.”, Linh said to me.
A. Linh told me she has finished the project
B. Linh told me she finished the project.
C. Linh told me she had finished the project.
D. Linh told me she has been finished the project.
7. “Please bring me the menu.” he said to the waitress.
A. He asked the waitress bring him the menu.
B. He asked the waitress to bring her the menu.
C. He asked the waitress to bring him the menu.
D. He asked the waitress bring her the menu.
8. “Don’t shout”, she said to me.
A. She told me don’t shout.
B. She told to me not to shout.
C. She told me not to shout.
D. She said to me don’t shout.
9. “I cleaned the house yesterday”, she said.
A. She told me she had cleaned the house the day before.
B. She said to me I cleaned the house the day before.
C. She told me she had cleaned the house yesterday.
D. She told me she cleaned the house yesterday.
10. “Can you lend me the book?”, he asked me.
A. He asked me can you lend him the book.
B. He asked me could you lend him the book.
C. He asked me if I can lend him the book.
D. He asked me if I could lend him the book.
Đáp án:
1 - D 2 - B 3 - A 4 - D 5 - D
6 - C 7 - C 8 - C 9 - A 10 - D
Bài tập 3: Chọn đáp án đúng:
1. Linh asked me _____.
A. Where do you come from?
B. where I came from
C. where I came from
D. where did I come from?
2. She asked me _____ I liked Korean music.
A.when
B.what
C.if
D.x
3. The doctor ____ him to drink 2 liters of water.
A.told
B.tell
C. have told
D. are telling
4. My brother wanted to know_____ complete this project..
A. when would she
B. when will she
c. when she will
D. when she would
5. Linh told me that her father____ a luxury car.
A. owns
B. owned
C. owning
D. A and B
6. What did that man say ______?
A. at you
B. for you
C. to you
D. you
7. I called my friend in America last night, and she said it _______ sunny there.
A. is
B. were
C. has been
D. was
8. The architects have ______ that the house blueprint will be completed on time.
A. promised
B. promise
C. promises
D. promising
9. The doctor _______ him to take more exercise.
A. told
B. tell
C. have told
D. are telling
10. The last time I saw my mother she looked very happy. She explained she’d been on holiday the ______ week.
A. ago
B. following
C. next
D. previous
11. Last week, Lan ______ she put the key on the cupboard.
A. asked
B. is asking
C. ask
D. was asked
12. My sister has ______ this answer wasn’t completely true.
A. admitting that
B. was admitted that
C. admitted that
D. admit that
13. When I called my brother yesterday, he said he was busy ______ days.
A. that
B. the
C. then
D. this
14. My mother wonders _____ the clothes are on sale yet.
A. what
B. when
C. where
D. whether
15. Linh _____ me that my train was about to leave.
A. has reminded
B. has reminded that
C. reminded
D. reminded that
16. Hello, Lan. I didn’t expect to see you today. John said you _____ ill.
A. are B. were C. was D. should be
17. Lan ______ and left.
A. said goodbye to me B. says goodbye to me C. tell me goodbye D. told me goodbye
18. I told you ______ switch off the light, didn’t I?
A. don’t B. not C. not to D. to not
19. Lan was slow, so her brother ________ hurry up.
A. tell him B. told him for C. told to D. told him to
20. Lan was driving too fast, so I ______ to slow down.
A. asked her B. asked C. ask D.have asked her
Đáp án:
Bài tập 4: Viết lại câu
- John accused .....................................................................................................
- Lan accused .............................. .......................................................
- The nurse asked Mrs. Lan ........................... ................................. ........
- Doctor advised .....................................................................................
- Lan wonders .....................................................................................
- Lan apologizes ..........
- Lan asked Linh ............................ ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...
- I ask ............................................... .................................. .....
9.. “Don't hang out until I get back, Peter,” his mother said.
- Peter's mother told him .............................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...
- Mrs. James told her son ............................ ................................. .. ...
Đáp án:
John accused Linh of stealing his best watch.
Lan accused John of damaging her phone.
The nurse asked Mrs. Lan where her little daughter was born.
The doctor advised Mr. John to drink enough 2 liters of water every day.
Lan wondered if she could find this homestay.
Lan apologizes to Susan for lying to her.
Lan asked Linh when he would start his summer vacation.
I asked her mother if she could get a new pair of shoes.
Peter's mother told him not to go out until she got back.
Mrs. James told her son not to touch knives.
Bài tập 5: Viết lại câu mà nghĩa không đổi
.................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...
................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...
.................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...
.................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...
.................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...
.................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...
................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...
.................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...
.................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...
.................................. ................................. ... ... ... ... ... ...
Đáp án:
He said if the weather is nice, he will go on a picnic with his family.
I asked him what he would do if he had (have) five days off.
She told James that she would come to see him if she didn't have to take the exam.
He told me he was sure he wouldn't be jealous if I told him the truth.
They told me that if there is a storm tomorrow, we won't have to go to school.
She told me that if she were me, she wouldn't choose to give up this dream job.
The receptionist told us if many guests come, the homestay will be full.
Linh tells Linda that she will be very surprised if she meets you.
She said she would get sick if she stayed out in the sun for too long.
Linh asked me what I would do if I met him.
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