Danh từ trong tiếng Anh | Các loại danh từ phổ biến - Phân biệt các loại danh từ - Luyện tập về danh từ
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Danh từ trong tiếng Anh | Các loại danh từ phổ biến - Phân biệt các loại danh từ - Luyện tập về danh từ
Khái niệm về danh từ trong tiếng anh
Danh từ trong tiếng anh (Noun)ký hiệu “n” hoặc “N” dùng để chỉ khái niệm, đồ vật, con vật, người, địa điểm hoặc hiện tượng trong tiếng anh
5 loại danh từ phổ biến
Trong tiếng Anh, danh từ được phân thành 5 loại cơ bản như sau:
Proper nouns
(Danh từ riêng)
Chỉ tên riêng của người, địa điểm, vật, chữ cái đầu phải viết hoa.
David Beckham,
London, Buddhism
Common nouns
(Danh từ chung)
Chỉ tên chung cho một loại đối tượng, vật dụng…
school, hospital, table, house…
Abstract nouns
(Danh từ trừu tượng)
Chỉ những thứ trừu tượng không nhìn thấy được mà cảm nhận được
love, sadness, opinion, knowledge
Collective nouns
(Danh từ tập hợp)
Chỉ tên một nhóm, một tập hợp các cá thể khác nhau
family, class, group, crowd,
Compound nouns
(Danh từ ghép)
Là các danh từ ghép lại với nhau để trở thành 1 danh từ khác
bedroom, mineral water, mother-in-law
Cách phân biệt các loại danh từ
1. Danh từ số ít & danh từ số nhiều (singular and plural nouns)
Trong tiếng Anh, về mặt ngữ pháp cần phân biệt được danh từ số ít và danh từ số nhiều. Đây là điều rất quan trọng vì nó sẽ liên quan tới nhiều yếu tố khác trong câu, như chia động từ, cách đọc, phát âm đúng và đủ.
Danh từ số ít được quy định với số lượng 1
Danh từ số nhiều được quy định với số lượng 2 trở lên
Quy tắc thêm “s/es” cho danh từ số nhiều:
Muốn chuyển một danh từ số ít sang số nhiều thì thêm S vào đằng sau
Những danh từ tận cùng bằng s,x,ch,sh thì thêm ES vào đằng sau
Có một số danh từ tận cùng bằng O cũng thêm ES vào đằng sau
Những danh từ tận cùng bằng Y đứng sau một phụ âm, trước khi thêm s, đổi y thành ie
Những danh từ tận cùng bằng F hoặc FE, thì bỏ f hoặc fe đi, thêm VES
Lưu ý: Danh từ bất quy tắc số ít – nhiều thường gặp: man → men / woman → women / child → children / person → people / foot → feet / fish → fish / sheep → sheep
2. Danh từ đếm được & không đếm được (Countable and uncountable nouns)
Danh từ đếm được là những từ chỉ các sự vật có thể đong đếm được.
Danh từ không đếm được là những từ chỉ các sự vật KHÔNG thể đong đếm được (Danh từ không đếm được thì không thể chia ở số ít hay số nhiều)
Một số DTKDD phổ biến: cheese, meat, tea, coffee, sugar, metal, wood, plastic, advice, love, information…
Lưu ý: Có một vài danh từ có thể vừa là danh từ đếm được lẫn không đếm được (VD: tea, chicken, fish..).
Cách hình thành danh từ
1. Tạo danh từ từ các hậu tố
Ngoài các danh từ có sẵn, ta có thể hình thành danh từ từ các loại từ khác như động từ và tính từ.
Hậu tố
Động từ - Danh từ
Hậu tố
Tính từ - Danh từ
-al
arrive – arrival
-ness
sad – sadness
-ance/-ence
perform – performance
-ity/-ty/-y
national – nationality
-ion
educate – education
-ism
minimal – minimalism
-ure
fail – failure
-th
long – length
-ment
agree – agreement
-ery
slave – slavery
-age
marry – marriage
-ion
perfect – perfection
-ing
end – ending
-er/or
act – actor
2. Tạo danh từ từ danh từ
(A/an/the) + Noun1 + Noun2
Noun1: Đóng vai trò như tính từ bổ nghĩa cho Noun2
Noun2: Danh từ chính
Ví dụ: The city center (Trung tâm thành phố)
A taxi driver (Người lái xe taxi)
3. Tạo danh từ từ V-ing
Những danh từ có V-ing đứng trước thường để biểu thị mục đích sử dụng của danh từ đó.
Ví dụ: A frying pan (= a pan used for frying)
A washing machine (= a machine used for washing clothes)
4. Tạo danh từ từ số đếm (Dạng: Number + Noun + Noun)
Ví dụ: A ten-hour flight (Chuyến bay kéo dài 10 tiếng)
A seven-storey building (Tòa nhà cao 7 tầng)
A four hundred-page dictionary (Quyển từ điển dày 400 trang)
A ten-year old boy (Cậu bé 10 tuổi)
Lưu ý:
Danh từ đứng liền sau số đếm và dấu gạch ngang Ở DẠNG SỐ ÍT. (A ten-year old boy)
Bài tập vận dụng danh từ có đáp án
Bài 1: Cho dạng đúng của các từ trong ngoặc ở những câu dưới đây.
Detroit is renowned for the _____________ of car. (produce)
If you make a good ________________ at the interview, you will get the job. (impress)
The _________________ looked dark and there were hardly any other guests. (enter)
My history teacher has a vast ________________ of past events. (know)
You are never too old to go to college and gain some _______________. ( qualify)
My greatest ________________ was graduating from university. (achieve)
The weatherman said there is a strong _______________ of rain today. (possible)
Despite her severe _________________, she fulfilled her goals in life. (disable)
I am really into eating dairy______________. (produce)
Due to the pilot's _____________, the copilot managed to land safely. (guide)
Đáp án:
production
impression
entrance
knowledge
qualifications
achievement
possibility
disability
products
guidance
Bài 2: Chọn dạng thích hợp của danh từ trong những chố trống sau để tạo thành một bài IELTS Writing task 2 hoàn chỉnh.
Some people believe that developments in the field of artificial intelligence will have a positive impact on our lives in the near future. Others, by contrast, are worried that we are not prepared for a world in which computers are more intelligent than humans. Discuss both of these views and give your own opinion.
People seem to be either excited or worried about the future impact of artificial (1-intelligent)………... Personally I can understand the two (2-oppose)……….points of view; I am both fascinated by developments in artificial intelligence and apprehensive about its possible negative effects.
On the one hand, the increasing intelligence of technology should bring some obvious benefits. Machines are clearly able to do many jobs better than humans can, especially in areas that require high levels of (3-accurate)…………or calculations using large amounts of data. For example, robots are being developed that can carry out surgical procedures with greater (4-precise)………..than a human doctor, and we already have cars that use sensors and cameras to drive themselves. Such technologies can improve safety by reducing the (5-likely)…………..of human errors. It is easy to imagine how these developments, and many others, will steadily improve our quality of life.
On the other hand, I share the concerns of people who believe that artificial intelligence may harm us if we are not careful. In the short term, it is likely that we will see a rise in (6-employ)…………..as workers in various industries are replaced by machines or software programs. For example, self-driving vehicles are expected to cause (7-redundant)…………….in driving jobs, such as lorry drivers, taxi drivers and bus drivers. In the medium term, if intelligent technologies gradually take jobs away from humans, we may find that people become deskilled and lose their sense of purpose in life. A longer term fear is that computers become so intelligent that they begin to make (8-decide)…………without human oversight and without regard for our well-being.
In conclusion, while intelligent machines will no doubt improve our lives in many ways, the potential risks of such technologies should not be ignored.
Đáp án:
intelligence
opposing
accuracy
precision
likelihood
unemployment
redundancies
decisions
Bài 3: Đoạn văn sau bao gồm 3 lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.
In many city all over the world, spectacular fireworks displays take place as soon as the clock passes midnight on 31 December. In recent years, Sydney in Australia has been the host to one of the first of these celebrate as New Year arrives there before most other major international cities. The display takes place in Sydney Harbor, with the Opera House and Harbor Bridge making it a stunning set. Fireworks light up the skies in hundreds of cities as 12 midnight strikes around the globe.
1………………. 2………………. 3………………….
Đáp án:
city => cities
celebrate => celebrations
set => setting
Bài 4: Dựa vào những từ cho sẵn, hãy viết thành câu hoàn chỉnh.
1. The bar chart/ illustrate/ gross domestic product generated from the IT and Service Industry/the UK from 1992 to 2000. ………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. It is measured in percentages. Overall, it can be seen/ both increase/ as a percentage/ GDP, but/ IT/ remain/ at/ higher rate throughout/ time. ………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. At/ beginning/ the/ period, in 1992, the Service Industry account/ for/ 4 per cent/ GDP, whereas IT exceed/ this, at just over 6 per cent. ………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Over/ next four/ year/, the levels become/ more/ similar, with/ both/ components/ standing/ between 6 / just/ over/ 8 per cent. ………………………………………………………………………………………..
The bar chart illustrates the gross domestic product generated from the IT and Service Industry in the UK from 1992 to 2000.
It is measured in percentages. Overall, it can be seen that both increased as a percentage of GDP, but IT remained at a higher rate throughout this time.
At the beginning of the period, in 1992, the Service Industry accounted for 4 per cent of GDP, whereas IT exceeded this, at just over 6 per cent.
Over the next four years, the levels became more similar, with both components standing between 6 and just over 8 per cent.
IT was still higher overall, though it dropped slightly from 1994 to 1996.
Bài 5: Mỗi câu sau chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.
There are many dirts on the floor.
We want more fuels than that.
He drank two milks.
Ten inks are needed for our class.
He sent me many foods.
Many golds are found there.
He gave me a great deal of troubles.
Cows eat grasses.
The rain has left many waters.
I didn't have many luggages.
Đáp án:
There are many dirts on the floor. => There is a lot of dirt on the floor.
We want more fuels than that. => We want more fuel than that.
He drank two milks. => He drank two bottles of milk.
Ten inks are needed for our class. => Ten bottles of ink are…
He sent me many foods. => He sent me a lot of food.
Many golds are found there. => A lot of gold is found there.
He gave me a great deal of troubles. => He gave me a number of troubles.
Cows eat grasses. => Cows eat grass.
The rain has left many waters. => The rain has left a lot of water.
I didn't have many luggages. => I didn’t have much luggage.
Bài 6: Chọn đáp án đúng cho mỗi câu sau.
If you want to hear the news, you can read (paper/ a paper).
I want to write some letters but I haven't got (a paper/ any paper) to write on.
I thought there was somebody in the house because there was (light/a light) on inside.
(Light/a light) comes from the sun.
I was in a hurry this morning. I didn't have (time/ a time) for breakfast.
"Did you enjoy your holiday?" - "Yes, we had (wonderful time/ a wonderful time)."
Sue was very helpful. She gives us some very useful (advice/advices).
We had (very bad weather/a very bad weather) while we were on holiday.
We were very unfortunate. We had (bad luck/a bad luck).
It's very difficult to find a (work/job) at the moment.
I had to buy (a/some) bread because I wanted to make some sandwiches.
Bad news (don't/doesn't) make people happy.
(Your hair is/ your hairs) are too long. You should have (it/them) cut.
Nobody was hurt in the accident but (the damage / the damages) to the car (was/were) quite bad.
She gives me (a piece of advice/ an advice) about this.
Đáp án:
a paper
any paper
light
Light
time
a wonderful time
advice
very bad weather
bad luck
job
some
doesn't
Your hair; it
the damage; was
a piece of advice
Bài 7: Dịch các câu sau đây sang tiếng Anh có sử dụng dạng Noun + Noun.
Bài 35: Điền các từ a/ an/ the/ some/ any/ little/ few/ a lot of vào các câu sau
The teacher has _________ honesty that all of her students appreciate.
____________ things have become cheaper.
__________ elephants have been hunted for 3 years.
Windy bought ________ new house behind my house for his parents.
There is ___________ hot water in this bottle.
Đáp án:
an (honesty danh từ chung nói về đức tính – trường hợp đặc biệt cần chú ý)
A lot of (things ở dạng số nhiều là danh từ đếm được)
Many/A lot of (elephants là danh từ đếm được số nhiều)
a (house là danh từ đếm được số ít)
little (water là danh từ không đếm được)
Bài 36: Tìm danh từ cụ thể và danh từ trừu tượng trong những câu dưới đây
The principal asked all the students to think about the importance of friendship.
I wore a beautiful dress to the concert.
I respected the honesty my friend showed.
Can you believe that woman’s brilliance?
We have a lot of hope for the future.
The men had much bravery on the battlefield
The boy was rewarded for his intelligence.
Fear made the child tremble.
She thought that happiness was the most important thing in life.
Mr. Long shows his creativity in this project.
Đáp án:
Danh từ cụ thể: principal (hiệu trưởng), students (học sinh). Danh từ trừu tượng: importance (tầm quan trọng), friendship (tình bạn).
Danh từ cụ thể: dress (váy), concert (buổi ca nhạc).
Danh từ trừu tượng: honesty (sự thật thà).
Danh từ trừu tượng: brilliance (sự thông minh).
Danh từ trừu tượng: hope (sự hy vọng).
Danh từ cụ thể: battlefield (sàn đấu) Danh từ trừu tượng: bravery (sự dũng cảm).
Danh từ cụ thể: child (đứa trẻ). Danh từ trừu tượng: intelligence (sự thông minh).
Danh từ cụ thể: award (giải thưởng). Danh từ trừu tượng: courage (sự dũng cảm).
Danh từ trừu tượng: happiness (sự hạnh phúc).
Danh từ cụ thể: project (dự án). Danh từ trừu tượng: creativity (sự sáng tạo).
Bài 37: Chỉ ra danh từ cụ thể và danh từ trừu tượng trong những câu sau
I felt pain when dentist took my tooth out.
I fell in love with that little child.
After dinner, Holly went out for a walk.
My mom will pick me time from school every Monday.
The puppy jumped on the table and ate the cake.
Sarah’s childhood was traumatic.
I have full trust on my child’s nanny.
She is potting plants in the garden.
That child is very intelligent.
My friends always show their loyalty.
My mother hopes that I will pass the exam.
He had a new idea about how to solve the problem.
The audience show their excitement before the show.
I could buy this house with the money that I earned, that is a pride for me.
The ticket for the performance is out of stock.
Đáp án:
Danh từ cụ thể: dentist, tooth – Danh từ trừu tượng: pain
Danh từ cụ thể: child – Danh từ trừu tượng: love
Danh từ cụ thể: dinner, Holly
Danh từ cụ thể: mom, school, Monday
Danh từ cụ thể: puppy, table, cake
Danh từ cụ thể: childhood
Danh từ cụ thể: nanny – Danh từ trừu tượng: trust
Danh từ cụ thể: plants, garden
Danh từ cụ thể: child
Danh từ cụ thể: friend – Danh từ trừu tượng: loyalty
Danh từ cụ thể: mother, exam
Danh từ trừu tượng: idea, problem
Danh từ cụ thể: audience, show – Danh từ trừu tượng: excitement
Danh từ cụ thể: house, money – Danh từ trừu tượng: pride
Danh từ cụ thể: ticket, perfomance
Bài 38: Điền vào chỗ trống bằng cách chọn đáp án đúng nhất
1. A shoe of leather is a__________
a. leather shoe b. Shoe leather c. shoed leather d. skinned leather
2. This is my________ plantation.
a. Mother-in-law b. mother-in-law’s
c. mothesr-in-law’s d. mother’s-in-law
3. ________ shoes are always of various types.
a. Woman’ b. Womans’ c. Women’s d. Womens’
4. Glasses for holding beer are________
a. glass-beer b. beerglasses c. glasses of beer d. beer’s glasses
5. A horse which runs races is called a__________
a. horse race b. race-horse c. racing horse d. Races-horse
6. A table used for writing is called__________
a. table- writing b. a writing c. a written table d. a writing table
7. They are__________
a. woman- professors b. womans-professors
c. women professors d. women’s professors
8. We have got a lot of_______
a. book of exercise b. exercises-books
c. exercise’s book’s d. exercise-books
9. They’d like to spend the week-end at ________
a. their aunt’s b. their aunt
c. their aunt’s house d. their aunt
10. The ________ is long.
a. knife’s handle b. knif’s handle
c. knife handle d. handle of the knife
Đáp án:
1.a
2.b
3.c
4.b
5.b
6.d
7.c
8.d
9.c
10.d
Bài 39: Đoán từ dựa trên gợi ý
The time at which ones go to bed is bed______.
A paved walkway is side______.
A machine for washing dishes is dish_______.
Intense sorrow, grief is heart_____.
A holiday taken by newly married couples is honey________.
Đáp án:
bedtime
sidewalk
dishwasher
heartbroken
honeymoon
Bài 40: Chọn dạng thích hợp của danh từ trong những chố trống sau để tạo thành một bài IELTS Writing task 2 hoàn chỉnh.
Some people believe that developments in the field of artificial intelligence will have a positive impact on our lives in the near future. Others, by contrast, are worried that we are not prepared for a world in which computers are more intelligent than humans. Discuss both of these views and give your own opinion.
People seem to be either excited or worried about the future impact of artificial (1-intelligent)………… Personally I can understand the two (2-oppose)……….points of view; I am both fascinated by developments in artificial intelligence and apprehensive about its possible negative effects.
On the one hand, the increasing intelligence of technology should bring some obvious benefits. Machines are clearly able to do many jobs better than humans can, especially in areas that require high levels of (3-accurate)…………or calculations using large amounts of data. For example, robots are being developed that can carry out surgical procedures with greater (4-precise)………..than a human doctor, and we already have cars that use sensors and cameras to drive themselves. Such technologies can improve safety by reducing the (5-likely)…………..of human errors. It is easy to imagine how these developments, and many others, will steadily improve our quality of life.
On the other hand, I share the concerns of people who believe that artificial intelligence may harm us if we are not careful. In the short term, it is likely that we will see a rise in (6-employ)…………..as workers in various industries are replaced by machines or software programs. For example, self-driving vehicles are expected to cause (7-redundant)…………….in driving jobs, such as lorry drivers, taxi drivers and bus drivers. In the medium term, if intelligent technologies gradually take jobs away from humans, we may find that people become deskilled and lose their sense of purpose in life. A longer term fear is that computers become so intelligent that they begin to make (8-decide)…………without human oversight and without regard for our well-being.
In conclusion, while intelligent machines will no doubt improve our lives in many ways, the potential risks of such technologies should not be ignored.
Đáp án:
intelligence
opposing
accuracy
precision
likelihood
unemployment
redundancies
decisions
Bài 41: Đoạn văn sau bao gồm 3 lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.
In many city all over the world, spectacular fireworks displays take place as soon as the clock passes midnight on 31 December. In recent years, Sydney in Australia has been the host to one of the first of these celebrate as New Year arrives there before most other major international cities. The display takes place in Sydney Harbor, with the Opera House and Harbor Bridge making it a stunning set. Fireworks light up the skies in hundreds of cities as 12 midnight strikes around the globe.
1………………. 2………………. 3………………….
Đáp án:
city => cities
celebrate => celebrations
set => setting
Bài 42: Dựa vào những từ cho sẵn, hãy viết thành câu hoàn chỉnh.
1. The bar chart/ illustrate/ gross domestic product generated from the IT and Service Industry/the UK from 1992 to 2000. ………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. It is measured in percentages. Overall, it can be seen/ both increase/ as a percentage/ GDP, but/ IT/ remain/ at/ higher rate throughout/ time. ………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. At/ beginning/ the/ period, in 1992, the Service Industry account/ for/ 4 per cent/ GDP, whereas IT exceed/ this, at just over 6 per cent. ………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Over/ next four/ year/, the levels become/ more/ similar, with/ both/ components/ standing/ between 6 / just/ over/ 8 per cent. ………………………………………………………………………………………..
The bar chart illustrates the gross domestic product generated from the IT and Service Industry in the UK from 1992 to 2000.
It is measured in percentages. Overall, it can be seen that both increased as a percentage of GDP, but IT remained at a higher rate throughout this time.
At the beginning of the period, in 1992, the Service Industry accounted for 4 per cent of GDP, whereas IT exceeded this, at just over 6 per cent.
Over the next four years, the levels became more similar, with both components standing between 6 and just over 8 per cent.
IT was still higher overall, though it dropped slightly from 1994 to 1996.
Bài 43: Mỗi câu sau chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.
1. There are many dirts on the floor. ………………………………………… 2. We want more fuels than that. ………………………………………… 3. He drank two milks. ………………………………………… 4. Ten inks are needed for our class. ………………………………………… 5. He sent me many foods. ………………………………………… 6. Many golds are found there. ………………………………………… 7. He gave me a great deal of troubles. ………………………………………… 8. Cows eat grasses. ………………………………………… 9. The rain has left many waters. ………………………………………… 10. I didn’t have many luggages. …………………………………………
Đáp án:
There are many dirts on the floor. => There is a lot of dirt on the floor.
We want more fuels than that. => We want more fuel than that.
He drank two milks. => He drank two bottles of milk.
Ten inks are needed for our class. => Ten bottles of ink are…
He sent me many foods. => He sent me a lot of food.
Many golds are found there. => A lot of gold is found there.
He gave me a great deal of troubles. => He gave me a number of troubles.
Cows eat grasses. => Cows eat grass.
The rain has left many waters. => The rain has left a lot of water.
I didn’t have many luggages. => I didn’t have much luggage.
Bài 44: Chọn đáp án đúng cho mỗi câu sau.
If you want to hear the news, you can read (newspaper/ a paper).
I want to write some letters but I haven’t got (a paper/ any paper) to write on.
I thought there was somebody in the house because there was (light/a light) on inside.
(Light/a light) comes from the sun.
I was in a hurry this morning. I didn’t have (time/ a time) for breakfast.
“Did you enjoy your holiday?” – “Yes, we had (wonderful time/ a wonderful time).”
Sue was very helpful. She gives us some very useful (advice/advices).
We had (very bad weather/a very bad weather) while we were on holiday.
We were very unfortunate. We had (bad luck/a bad luck).
It’s very difficult to find a (work/job) at the moment.
I had to buy (a/some) bread because I wanted to make some sandwiches.
Bad news (don’t/doesn’t) make people happy.
(Your hair is/ your hairs) are too long. You should have (it/them) cut.
Nobody was hurt in the accident but (the damage / the damages) to the car (was/were) quite bad.
She gives me (a piece of advice/ an advice) about this.
Đáp án:
newspaper
any paper
light
Light
time
a wonderful time
advice
a very bad weather
bad luck
job
some
doesn’t
Your hair; it
the damage; was
a piece of advice
Bài 45: Dịch các câu sau đây sang tiếng Anh có sử dụng dạng Noun + Noun.
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