Not until | Cấu trúc - Cách dùng- Phân biệt cấu trúc Not until với Only When - Bài tập vận dụng
Until là gì? Until là giới từ chỉ thời gian, được sử dụng với ý nghĩa “đến khi”. Ví dụ:
Cấu trúc Not until là gì? Not until mang ý nghĩa “mãi cho đến khi, cho đến khi”. Not until thường đi kèm với các từ, cụm từ chỉ thời gian để nhấn mạnh sự việc xảy ra ở mệnh đề phía sau. Ví dụ:
Dưới đây 1900 sẽ giúp bạn hiểu rõ hơn về cấu trúc Not until trong câu đảo ngữ và câu chẻ với Not until nhé!
Cấu trúc Not until đảo ngữ thường được sử dụng để nhấn mạnh vào mệnh đề chính trong câu. Cấu trúc Not until đảo ngữ:
| Not until + time word/clause/phrase + trợ động từ + S + (V). |
Ví dụ:
Câu chẻ (câu phức) với cấu trúc Not until thường được sử dụng để diễn đạt một sự việc xảy ra sau một thời điểm cụ thể. Công thức này thường gồm có hai phần chính: mệnh đề phụ (có chứa "not until") và mệnh đề chính (diễn đạt sự việc xảy ra sau thời điểm đã đề cập). Cấu trúc:
| It (be) + not until + time word/clause/phrase + that + S + (V). |
Trong đó: time word/clause/phrase là các từ, mệnh đề, cụm từ chỉ thời gian.
Ví dụ:
Câu chẻ với cấu trúc Not until thể hiện mối quan hệ thời gian giữa hai sự kiện và thường được sử dụng để làm nổi bật thời điểm quan trọng mà sự kiện sau cần phải xảy ra.
Ở phần đầu bài 190 có lưu ý, nhiều bạn thường nhầm lẫn cấu trúc Not until với Only When. Vậy làm thế nào để phân biệt được cách dùng, cấu trúc của Not until và Only When? Hãy cùng 1900 tìm hiểu ngay dưới đây nhé!
| Phân biệt | Not until | Only When | |
| Giống nhau |
Cấu trúc Not until và Only when đều là các cụm từ chỉ thời gian trong tiếng Anh, nhấn mạnh vào thời gian xảy ra của sự việc. Hai cấu trúc có thể sử dụng để thay thế cho nhau (bài tập viết lại câu). Ví dụ: Cathy didn't start her homework until her mother reminded her. (Cathy không chịu làm bài tập cho đến khi mẹ nhắc.) ➞ Only when Cathy’s mother reminded her did she start her homework. |
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Khác nhau |
Cách dùng |
Cấu trúc Not until được sử dụng để diễn tả một sự việc xảy ra sau một thời điểm cụ thể, và cho đến thời điểm đó, sự việc đó không xảy ra. | Cấu trúc Only when thường được sử dụng để chỉ ra một điều kiện cần để một sự việc khác xảy ra. |
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Cấu trúc |
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Ví dụ |
I didn't realize the truth until he explained it to me. (Tôi không nhận ra sự thật cho đến khi anh ấy giải thích cho tôi.) Smith didn't leave the office until 7 PM. (Mãi đến 7 giờ tối Smith mới rời khỏi văn phòng.) |
Only when the rain stops will we go for a walk. (Chỉ khi mưa dừng lại thì chúng tôi mới đi dạo.) Only when she finishes her presentation will she be able to relax. (Chỉ khi cô ấy hoàn thành bài thuyết trình thì cô ấy mới có thể thư giãn.) |
Lưu ý: Sau cấu trúc Not until có thể là time word/clause/phrase, tuy nhiên đối với cấu trúc Only when BẮT BUỘC là một mệnh đề (clause).
Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu sử dụng cấu trúc Not until, Only
1. Not until he finished his work did he take a break.
➞ Only when………………………………………………………
2. She didn't understand the instructions until the teacher explained them again.
➞Only when……………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Not until they had left the house did they realize they forgot their keys.
➞ Only when…………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. They didn't start the movie until all the guests had arrived.
➞ Only when…………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. Not until the sun had set did we begin our evening walk.
➞ Only when…………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. Only when the rain stopped did they come out to play.
➞ Not until…………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Only when she finished her chores could she watch TV.
➞ Not until…………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. Only when the clock strikes twelve does the magic happen.
➞ Not until…………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. Only when he apologized did she forgive him.
➞ Not until…………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. Only when the guests arrived did they start cooking dinner.
➞ Not until…………………………………………………………………………………………….
Đáp án:
1. Only when he finished his work did he take a break.
2. Only when the teacher explained the instructions again did she understand them.
3. Only when they had left the house did they realize they forgot their keys.
4. Only when all the guests had arrived did they start the movie.
5. Only when the sun had set did we begin our evening walk.
6. Not until the rain stopped did they come out to play.
7. Not until she finished her chores could she watch TV.
8. Not until the clock strikes twelve does the magic happen.
9. Not until he apologized did she forgive him.
10. Not until the guests arrived did they start cooking dinner.
Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu bằng một cách khác
1. The scale of the damage couldn’t be seen until morning.
=> It was not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
2. The first of the vitamins was not identified until 1911.
=> It was not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
3. The test will not start until 8a.m.
=> It is not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
4. I wasn’t able to solve the math problem until she taught me.
=> It was not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
=> Only when…………………….…………………..
5. Mary didn’t feel insecure about her nose until her friend constantly made fun of it.
=> It was not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
=> Only when…………………….…………………..
6. She didn’t regain her confidence until she met Joana.
=> It was not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
=> Only when…………………….…………………..
7. The coach won’t leave until there are enough tourists.
=> It is not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
=> Only when…………………….…………………..
8. Until after his death, his paintings were not famous.
=> It was not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
9. Jane never knew how much her father loved her until he’s gone.
=> It was not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
=> Only when…………………….…………………..
10. You shouldn’t talk to her until she is less angry.
=> It is not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
=> Only when…………………….…………………..
Đáp án:
1. It was not until morning that the scale of the damage could be seen.
= Not until morning could the scale of the damage be seen.
2. It was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified.
= Not until 1911 was the first of the vitamins identified.
3. It is not until 8a.m that the test will start.
= Not until 8a.m will the test start.
4. It was not until she taught me that I was able to solve the math problem.
= Not until she taught me was I able to solve the math problem.
= Only when she taught me was I able to solve the math problem.
5. It was not until her friend constantly made fun of her nose that Mary felt insecure about it.
= Not until her friend constantly made fun of her nose did Mary feel insecure about it.
= Only when her friend constantly made fun of her nose did Mary feel insecure about it.
6. It was not until she met Joana that she regained her confidence.
= Not until she met Joana did she regain her confidence.
= Only when she met Joana did she regain her confidence.
7. It is not until there are enough tourists that the coach will leave.
= Not until there are enough tourists will the coach leave.
= Only when there are enough tourists will the coach leave.
8. It was not until after his death that his paintings became world-wide famous.
= Not until after his death did his paintings become world-wide famous.
9. It was not until Jane’s father was gone that she knew how much her father loved her.
= Not until Jane’s father was gone did she know how much her father loved her.
= Only when Jane’s father was gone did she know how much her father loved her.
10. It is not until she is less angry that you should talk to her.
= Not until she is less angry should you talk to her.
= Only when she is less angry should you talk to her.
Bài tập 3: Hãy chọn từ loại đúng để hoàn thành mỗi câu:
1. She __________ her homework, ____________ her favorite TV show.
A. doesn’t finish / she watches
B. didn’t finish / until she watches
C. doesn’t finish / not until she watches
D. didn’t finish / not until she watches
2. They won’t go to the beach ___________ the weather ____________ sunny.
A. until / is
B. only when / is
C. not until / will be
D. only when / will be
3. The store __________ until 9 AM, __________ they opened early for the sale.
A. didn’t open / only when
B. didn’t open / not until
C. wasn’t opened / until
D. wasn’t opened / only when
4. He __________ his homework ____________ his mom helps him.
A. doesn’t start / until
B. won’t start / only when
C. doesn’t start / not until
D. didn’t start / not until
5. She didn’t understand the lesson ____________ the teacher explained it again.
A. until
B. only when
C. not until
D. only
6. They won’t leave for the party ___________ everyone __________ ready.
A. until / is
B. only when / is
C. not until / will be
D. only when / will be
7. The concert ___________ the band ___________ set up the stage.
A. didn’t start / until
B. didn’t start / only when
C. wasn’t started / until
D. wasn’t started / only when
8. He __________ his essay ____________ he finishes his research.
A. doesn’t write / until
B. won’t write / only when
C. doesn’t write / not until
D. didn’t write / not until
9. The bus won’t arrive ___________ the driver ____________ back from break.
A. until / is
B. only when / is
C. not until / will be
D. only when / will be
10. She didn’t feel comfortable _____________ she had met everyone at the party.
A. until
B. only when
C. not until
D. only
Đáp án:
1. D
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. C
9. A
10. C
Bài tập 4: Hoàn thành câu với các từ gợi ý và dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
1. Not until the meeting was over ______________________ (they/ realize) the importance of the decision.
2. It was not until she opened the gift that ______________________ (she/ find) the surprise inside.
3. Not until ______________________ (the sun/ set) did we start the campfire.
4. It was not until 2005 that ______________________ (Sarah/ graduate) from university.
5. It is not until ______________________ (we/ face) challenges that we truly grow.
6. Not until the storm passed ______________________ (the team/ resume) their journey.
7. It was not until ______________________ (the guests/ arrive) that he started preparing the meal.
8. Not until ______________________ (the exam/ end) ______________________ (the students/ breathe) a sigh of relief.
Đáp án:
| 1. did they realize | 2. she found | 3. the sun set | 4. Sarah graduated |
| 5. we face | 6. did the team resume | 7. the guests arrived | 8. the exam ended / could the students breathe |
Bài tập 5: Viết lại các câu bên dưới sử dụng cấu trúc until, not until và only when.
1. She didn’t understand the lesson until the teacher explained it again.
2. It was not until _________________________________________________________
3. It was not until 2010 that they started their own business.
4. They _________________________________________________________________
5. The manager won’t approve the budget until he reviews all the details.
6. Only when ____________________________________________________________
7. John didn’t realize he was lost until he checked the map.
8. Not __________________________________________________________________
9. Only when the clock struck midnight did the party end.
10. It was not _____________________________________________________________
11. I can’t enjoy the movie until all the chores are done.
12. Not __________________________________________________________________
13. They won’t leave the office until the report is completed.
14. Not __________________________________________________________________
15. Only when the semester is over do students fully relax.
16. It is not _______________________________________________________________
Đáp án:
1. It was not until the teacher explained it again that she understood the lesson.
2. They didn’t start/ hadn’t started their own business until 2010.
3. Only when the manager reviews all the details will he approve the budget.
4. Not until John checked the map did he realize he was lost.
5. It was not until the clock struck midnight that the party ended.
6. Not until all the chores are done can I enjoy the movie.
7. Not until the report is completed will they leave the office.
8. It is not until the semester is over that students fully relax.
Bài tập 6: Chọn câu đúng để hoàn thành câu với cấu trúc Not until.
| 1. ______ the rain stopped could we continue our picnic. | a) It was not until |
| b) Not until | |
| c) Until | |
| 2. Not until he explained it to me ______ the problem. | a) that I understood |
| b) did I understand | |
| c) I understand | |
| 3. ______ she apologized did he forgive her. | a) It was not until |
| b) Not until | |
| c) Until | |
| 4. Not until the exam results were announced ______. | a) everyone was relieved |
| b) was everyone relieved | |
| c) did everyone relieve | |
| 5. ______ they moved to the city that they found better job opportunities. | a) It was not until |
| b) Not until | |
| c) Until |
Đáp án:
1. b) Not until
2. b) did I understand
3. b) Not until
4. b) was everyone relieved
5. a) It was not until
Bài tập 7: Sử dụng cấu trúc Not until để hoàn thành các câu trong đoạn văn sau:
1. The researchers worked tirelessly. ________________ (the experiment/ succeed) did they celebrate their achievement.
2. The mystery of the ancient ruins puzzled scientists for decades. ________________ (the archaeologists/ discover) the hidden chamber was the truth revealed.
3. Many students found the new subject challenging. ________________ (the teacher/ simplify) the concepts did they begin to understand.
4. The town remained quiet for most of the year. ________________ (the festival/ start) did the streets come alive with people.
5. The team struggled in the first half of the game. ________________ (the coach/ motivate) them during halftime did they make a comeback.
Đáp án:
1. Not until the experiment succeeded did they celebrate their achievement.
2. Not until the archaeologists discovered the hidden chamber was the truth revealed.
3. Not until the teacher simplified the concepts did they begin to understand.
4. Not until the festival started did the streets come alive with people.
5. Not until the coach motivated them during halftime did they make a comeback.
Bài tập 8: Điền từ phù hợp vào chỗ trống để hoàn thành câu với cấu trúc Not until.
1. _______________ she finished her homework could she watch TV.
2. It was not until _______________ he moved abroad that he realized how important family was.
3. Not until _______________ the lights went out did we notice the stars.
4. _______________ the last guest left did we start cleaning up.
5. It was not until _______________ she read the letter that she understood the situation.
Đáp án:
1. Not until
2. it was not until
3. not until
4. Not until
5. it was not until
Bài tập 9: Hoàn thành câu với các từ gợi ý và dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
1. Not until the area is made safe ______________________ (their construction/ can continue).
2. It was not until he tried to jump that ______________________ (he/ discover) he had injured his knee.
3. Not until ______________________ (someone/ complain) did they realise the painting had been hung upside down.
4. It was not until 1981 that ______________________ (my grandparents/ move) to the countryside.
5. It is not until ______________________ (we/ lose) our health that we realise the value of it.
6. Not until her daughter called her ______________________ (she/ stop) worrying about her.
7. It was not until ______________________ (Jerry/ forget) my birthday that he went on holiday.
8. Not until ______________________ (the last train/ depart) ______________________ (Dylan/ will/ come) home.
Đáp án:
1. can their construction continue
2. he discovered
3. someone complained
4. my grandparents moved
5. we lose
6. did she stop
7. Jerry forgot/ had forgot(ten)
8. the last train departs/ will Dylan come
Bài tập 10: Viết lại các câu bên dưới sử dụng cấu trúc until, not until và only when.
1. The gang didn’t know that the police had them under surveillance until yesterday.
It was not until _________________________________________________________
2. It was not until 1994 that Jack won many matches for his team.
Jack _________________________________________________________________
3. My mother won’t sign a contract until she has read it thoroughly.
Only when ____________________________________________________________
4. Henry didn’t realise that he had lost his keys until he got home.
Not __________________________________________________________________
5. Only when Alan arrived in Mexico yesterday was he caught by the police.
It was not _____________________________________________________________
6. I can’t read the comic until the football game has finished.
Not __________________________________________________________________
7. They won’t consider you for the national basketball team until you grow up.
Not __________________________________________________________________
8. Only when it is the end of the year does the traffic law take effect.
It is not _______________________________________________________________
Đáp án:
1. It was not until yesterday that the gang knew that the police had them under surveillance.
2. Jack didn’t win/ hadn’t won many matches for his team until 1994.
3. Only when my mother has read a contract thoroughly will she sign it.
4. Not until Henry got home did he realise that he had lost his key.
5. It was not until Alan arrived in Mexico yesterday that he was caught by the police.
6. Not until the football game has finished can I read the comic.
7. Not until you grow up will they consider you for the national basketball team.
8. It is not until the end of the year that the traffic law takes effect.
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