Describe a beautiful city | Bài mẫu IELTS Speaking Part 2+3
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Quy tắc OSASCOMP | Trật tự tính từ trong tiếng Anh và bài tập vận dụng
Tính từ + Danh từ
Opinion -> Size -> Age -> Shape -> Color -> Origin -> Material -> Purpose
Thứ tự tính từ | Loại tính từ | Ví dụ |
---|---|---|
1 | Opinion: quan điểm | beautiful: đẹp terrible: khủng khiếp wonderful: tuyệt vời |
2 | Size: kích cỡ | long: dài short: ngắn small: nhỏ |
3 | Age: độ tuổi | young: trẻ old: già/cũ new: mới |
4 | Shape: hình dáng | circular: tròn square: vuông fat: mập |
5 | Color: màu sắc | pink: hồng blue: xanh da trời red: đỏ |
6 | Origin: nguồn gốc | American: Mỹ Vietnamese: Việt Nam Chinese: Trung Quốc |
7 | Material: chất liệu | plastic: nhựa dẻo glass: thủy tinh stone: đá wooden: gỗ |
8 | Purpose: mục đích | washing machine: máy giặt hound dog: chó săn pickup truck: xe bán tải |
Cụ thể thứ tự như sau:
[Determiner – Quantity] + [Opinion -> Size -> Age -> Shape -> Color -> Origin -> Material -> Purpose] + Noun |
Trong đó:
Ví dụ | Dịch nghĩa | ||
---|---|---|---|
Determiner (từ hạn định) | The, this, that, these, those,… | This cute cat is mine. | Con mèo dễ thương này là của tôi |
Quantity (từ chỉ số lượng) → Đứng sau từ hạn định, đứng trước tính từ |
Many, a lot of, three, few,… | These two naughty kids are Thuy’s children. | Hai đứa trẻ nghịch ngợm này là con của Thủy. |
Ngoài ra, tính từ còn có thể đứng sau động từ To be và một số động từ liên kết (thường gọi là linking verb)
Cấu trúc | Ví dụ | Dịch nghĩa |
---|---|---|
To be + Adj | – She is beautiful – It is terrible – They are happy |
– Cô ấy thật xinh đẹp – Nó thật kinh khủng – Họ đang rất vui vẻ |
Linking Verb + Adj (seem, look, feel, taste, remain, sound, become,..) |
– He feels tired – It looks nice |
– Anh ấy cảm thấy mệt – Nó trông thật đáng yêu |
O | S | A | S | C | O | M | P |
Opinion | Size | Age | Shape | Color | Origin | Material | Purpose |
Ông | Sáu | Ăn | Súp | Cua | Ông | Mập | Phì |
Giải thích:
Chỉ cần nhớ “câu thần chú” Ông – Sáu – Ăn – Súp – Cua – Ông – Mập – Phì thì bạn đã có thể tự tin sử dụng tính từ mà không sợ sai cấu trúc.
Ví dụ: Sắp xếp những từ sau theo đúng trật tự tính từ: Japanese/ bike/ a/ new/ luxurious/ big/ blue
Sắp xếp theo trật tự OSASCOMP → A luxurious big new blue Japanese bike. (Một chiếc xe đạp Nhật Bản lớn màu xanh mới sang trọng).
Các tính từ cùng loại đặt trước 1 danh từ -> Cần có dấu phẩy Các tính từ khác loại đặt trước 1 danh từ -> Không cần dấu phẩy |
Để hiểu rõ hơn, cùng xét 2 ví dụ dưới đây:
1. Henry is a lovely tiny white British dog that they adopted 1 week ago.
Lovely, adj: dễ thương → tính từ chỉ quan điểm
Tiny, adj: nhỏ bé → tính từ chỉ kích cỡ
White, adj: trắng → tính từ chỉ màu sắc
British, adj: thuộc về nước Anh → tính từ chỉ nguồn gốc
⇒ Tính từ khác loại với nhau nên theo quy tắc không cần sử dụng dấu phẩy
2. She was such a beautiful, thoughtful and delicate woman.
Beautiful, adj: đẹp → tính từ chỉ quan điểm
Thoughtful, adj: biết suy nghĩ → tính từ chỉ quan điểm
Delicate, adj: tinh tế → tính từ chỉ quan điểm
=> Tính từ cùng loại với nhau nên cần ngăn tách bởi dấu phẩy.
Lưu ý quan trọng:
Lưu ý | Ví dụ |
---|---|
Không đặt dấu phẩy giữa tính từ cuối cùng và danh từ | – Long black hair -> Đúng – Long black, hair -> Sai |
Không đặt dấu phẩy giữa từ hạn định và tính từ | – This small and handy bag -> Đúng – This, small and handy bag -> Sai |
Khi từ cuối cùng trong cụm từ, mệnh đề hoặc câu là 1 tính từ → thêm “and” vào trước tính từ đó |
The concert was crowded and loud → Buổi hòa nhạc thật đông đúc và ồn ào. She was such a pretty, delicate, and thoughtful woman. → Cô ấy là một người phụ nữ xinh đẹp, tinh tế và chu đáo. |
Ex 1. Chọn ý đúng
1. Susan had a ________ in her hair yesterday. | A. Nice pink bow | B. Pink nice bow | C. Bow nice pink |
2. She lost a ________ . | A. mall yellow cat | B. Cat small yellow | C. Yellow small cat |
3. I bought ________ apples. | A. Great some big | B. Big great some | C. Some great big |
4. We met ________ people at the concert. | A. Very smart three | B. Three very smart | C. Very three smart |
5. The clown was wearing a ________ hat. | A. Big green-red | B. Big green and red | C. Red and green big |
6. The biscuit that you. | A. Smell delicious baked | B. Baked smell delicious | C. Delicious smell baked |
7. My grandfather has collected a ________ clock | A. Old German wonderful | B. Wonderful old, German | C. Wonderful old German |
8. Yesterday, the post officer gave me a ________ box, and I didn’t notice that it was a birthday gift from my distant relative. | A. Big square blue | B. Blue big square | C. Square big blue |
9. These ________ ornaments should not be used to decorate the Christmas tree. Throw them away now! | A. Yellow disgusting plastic | B. Disgusting yellow plastic | C. Plastic yellow disgusting |
Đáp án
1. A | 2. A | 3. C | 4. B | 5. B |
6. B | 7. C | 8. A | 9. B |
Ex 2. Chọn ý đúng
1. John has a ________________ cat.
A. cute small British
B. small British cute
C. cute British small
2. I have __________________ brothers.
A. two naughty young
B. two young naughty
C. nfughty two young
3. My friend gave me a _______________ dress for my birthday.
A. white beautiful silk
B. beautiful white silk
C. beautiful silk white
4. Sarah is a _____________ girl.
A. wonderful hard-working and clever
B. wonderful, hard-working, and clever,
C. wonderful, hard-working, and clever
5. She bought ________________ oranges.
A. big juicy some
B. some big juicy
C. juice some big
Đáp án
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. B
Ex 3: Sắp xếp các từ sau thành câu hoàn chỉnh
1. a / That / flower / beautiful / is / red / tiny.
_____________________________________________________.
2. stunning / She / wore / a / white / wedding / dress.
_____________________________________________________.
3. has / a / black / Jack / Egyptian / cat / big / lovely.
_____________________________________________________.
4. house / My sister / a / new / wooden / blue / nice / lives / in.
_____________________________________________________.
5. tall / girl / Do you / that / young / beautiful / girl?
_____________________________________________________.
Đáp án
1. That is a beautiful tiny red flower.
2. She wore a stunning white wedding dress.
3. Jack has a lovely big black Egyptian cat.
4. My sister lives in a nice new blue wooden house.
5. Do you know that beautiful tall young girl?
Ex 4: Sắp xếp các từ gợi ý để hoàn thành câu
1. We wanted ____________ (metal / a / grey) table.
2. They bought ____________ (new / a / red) car.
3. She went home and sat on her _____________ (comfortable / old / wooden) bed.
4. He bought a _________ (British / fabulous / woolen) suit.
5. They have _________ (Dutch / black) bicycles.
6. He wants __________ (French / delicious / some) cheese.
7. ________________ (pretty / A / young) girl walked into the room.
8. He has ____________ (interesting / a lot of / old) books.
9. She bought ____________ (plastic / new / red) gnome.
10. He is looking for ___________ (black / stylish / leather) bag.
Đáp án
1. a grey metal
2. a new red
3. old comfortable wooden
4. fabulous British woolen
5. black Dutch
6. some delicious French
7. A pretty young
8. a lot of interesting old
9. a new red plastic
10. a stylish black leather
Ex 5: Sắp xếp các từ đúng với trật tự:
1. blue / lovely / long / silk / dress
2. Italian / round / wooden / dining / table
3. big / new / red / sports / car
4. delicious / homemade / pepperoni / pizza
5. old / valuable / Chinese / painting
6. tiny / antique / silver / spoon
7. white / cotton / soft / blanket
8. cozy / old / leather / armchair
9. cold / tall / glass / refreshing / lemonade
10. small / round / wooden / coffee / table
Đáp án
1. A lovely long blue silk dress.
2. An Italian round wooden dining table.
3. A big new red sports car.
4. Delicious homemade pepperoni pizza.
5. An old valuable Chinese painting.
6. A tiny antique silver spoon.
7. A soft white cotton blanket.
8. A cozy old leather armchair.
9. A tall cold refreshing glass of lemonade.
10. A small round wooden coffee table.
Ex 6: Sắp xếp các từ thành câu hoàn chỉnh dựa trên quy tắc trật tự tính từ:
1. It / is / modern / a / apartment / stylish / cozy / city / in / the.
2. She / a / beautiful / long / white / wedding / wore / gown / elegant / lace.
3. The / garden / tranquil / has / a / small / lovely / Japanese / fountain.
4. They / together / old / many / have / happy / loving / years / spent.
5. It / old / a / is / rare / book / valuable / antique.
6. The / kids / colorful / an / with / painted / wall / outdoor / mural.
7. We / stay / a / cozy / mountain / in / cabin / wooden / the.
8. She / wrote / a / beautiful / poem / inspiring / about / nature / the.
9. The / students / a / project / creative / presentation / prepared / for / them.
10. It / delicious / an / chocolate / cake / homemade / moist / was.
Đáp án
1. It is a cozy modern stylish apartment in the city.
2. She wore an elegant beautiful long white lace wedding gown.
3. The garden has a lovely small tranquil Japanese fountain.
4. They have spent many happy loving old years together.
5. It is a valuable rare old antique book.
6. The kids painted an outdoor colorful wall mural.
7. We stayed in a cozy wooden mountain cabin.
8. She wrote an inspiring beautiful poem about the nature.
9. The students prepared a creative project presentation for them.
10. It was a moist delicious homemade chocolate cake.
Ex 7: Hãy chọn đáp án đúng để sắp xếp các tính từ trong câu theo trật tự:
1. She received a _________ letter.
A. wonderful unexpected long
B. unexpected long wonderful
C. long wonderful unexpected
D. unexpected wonderful long
2. We visited a _________ temple.
A. ancient beautiful serene
B. serene ancient beautiful
C. beautiful ancient serene
D. beautiful serene ancient
3. They are planning a _________ vacation.
A. relaxing family tropical
B. family tropical relaxing
C. tropical relaxing family
D. relaxing tropical family
4. The artist painted a _________ portrait.
A. realistic stunning self
B. self realistic stunning
C. stunning realistic self
D. stunning self realistic
5. It’s a _________ story.
A. heartwarming touching true
B. true touching heartwarming
C. touching true heartwarming
D. heartwarming true touching
6. He built a _________ treehouse.
A. wooden small cozy
B. small cozy wooden
C. cozy small wooden
D. wooden cozy small
7. The bakery sells _________ pastries.
A. delicious French flaky
B. flaky French delicious
C. French delicious flaky
D. delicious flaky French
8. She adopted a _________ kitten.
A. playful cute little
B. little cute playful
C. cute little playful
D. playful little cute
9. They ordered a _________ dinner.
A. candlelit Italian romantic
B. Italian candlelit romantic
C. romantic candlelit Italian
D. romantic Italian candlelit
10. He found an _________ treasure.
A. ancient hidden buried
B. hidden buried ancient
C. buried ancient hidden
D. ancient buried hidden
Đáp án
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. A
9. C
10. D
Ex 8: Sắp xếp các từ thành câu hoàn chỉnh
1. It / chair/ was / a / wooden / old / small / red.
2. She / an / elegant / silk / long / blue / wore / dress.
3. The / sells / large / round / delicious / shop / Italian / cheese.
4. This / a beautiful / is / small / old / wooden cottage.
5. He / a / sparkling / expensive / received / diamond / engagement / ring.
Đáp án
1. It was a small old red wooden chair.
2. She wore an elegant long blue silk dress.
3. The shop sells delicious large round Italian cheese.
4. This is a beautiful small old wooden cottage.
5. He received a sparkling expensive diamond engagement ring.
Ex 9: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất
1. He bought a _____ car.
A. big new blue Italian
B. Italian blue big new
C. new blue Italian big
D. blue big new Italian
2. She lives in a _____ cottage.
A. charming small old
B. old charming small
C. small charming old
D. cottage old small charming
3. The chef prepared a _____ meal.
A. delicious traditional French three-course
B. three-course traditional French delicious
C. traditional French delicious three-course
D. French delicious three-course traditional
4. They have a ______.
A. large garden beautiful
B. beautiful large garden
C. garden beautiful large
D. garden beautiful large
5. He wore a ____ shirt.
A. black new comfortable
B. comfortable black new
C. new black comfortable
D. comfortable new black
Đáp án
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. D
Ex 10: Sắp xếp các câu tiếng anh sau thành câu đúng.
1. wedding/ dress/ she/ long/ wore/ white/ a.
-> ………………………………………
2. woman/ English/is/an/ young/ intelligent/ it.
-> ………………………………………
3. is/ bag/ this/ sleeping/ black/ a/ new. -
-> ………………………………………
4. pink/ he/ house/ bought/ big/beautiful/
-> ………………………………………
5. gave/ wallet/ him/ she/ brown/ small/ leather
-> ………………………………………
Đáp án
1. She wore a long white wedding dress.
2. It is an intelligent young English woman.
3. This is a new black sleeping bag.
4. He bought a beautiful big pink house.
5. She gave him a small brown leather walleted.
Ex 11: Sắp xếp trật tự đúng của tính từ
1. I wanted to buy a ___________________ table. (round/ blue/ dinning/ big)
2. Does Mirian need that ___________________ chair? (wooden/ small/ square)
3. What is this ___________________ thing? (red/ triangular/ feather)
4. Did you notice the brand of that ___________________ car? (green/ streamlined/ splendid/ sport)
5. William can take care of your ___________________ cat. (Persian/ naughty/ white)
6. This ___________________ scarf belongs to my brother. (wooden/ long/ multicolored)
7. Are you sure this ___________________ sabre is Turkish? (curved/ nice/ steel)
8. Press this ___________________ button never! (plastic/ red/ round)
9. Mike will order a ___________________ breakfast. (English/ light/ nice)
10. This ___________________ wardrobe is my friends’ gift. (elegantly/ shaped/ amazing/ brown/ wooden)
Đáp án
1. I wanted to buy a _____big, round, blue, Italian. dinning______________ table. (round/ blue/ dinning/ big)
2. Does Mirian need that _____small, square, wooden______________ chair? (wooden/ small/ square)
3. What is this ______triangular, red, leather_____________ thing? (red/ triangular/ feather)
4. Did you notice the brand of that ______splendid, streamlined, green, sport_____________ car? (green/ streamlined/ splendid/ sport)
5. William can take care of your _______naughty white Persian____________ cat. (Persian/ naughty/ white)
6. This ______long, multicolored, woolen________ scarf belongs to my brother. (woolen/ long/ multicolored)
7. Are you sure this ______nice curved steel________ sabre is Turkish? (curved/ nice/ steel)
8. Press this _____round red plastic________ button never! (plastic/ red/ round)
9. Mike will order a ______nice, light, English_______ breakfast. (English/ light/ nice)
10. This _____amazing, elegantly - shaped brown wooden______________ wardrobe is my friends’ gift. (elegantly- shaped/ amazing/ brown/ wooden)
Ex 12: Sắp xếp tính từ trong ngoặc theo đúng trật tự tính từ
1. The radio was made of _____ (metallic/red/a/unique) material.
2. He bought _ (wooden/a/an/antique/Japanese) chair.
3. She once was _____ (young/beautiful/a/skinny) girl.
4. It was _____ (bronze/old/dessert/a/an/English) spoon.
5. He introduced me to _____ (young/two/beautiful/his) daughters.
Đáp án
1. a unique red metallic
2. an antique Japanese wooden
3. a beautiful skinny young
4. an old English bronze dessert spoon
5. his two beautiful young
Ex 13: Chọn từ thích hợp trong ngoặc để đúng với trật tự tính từ
1. My new neighbor is a _____ (American/short/black) old man.
2. He looks so proud of his new ______ (amazing/big/ceramic) mugs.
3. Can you pass me the green _____ (old/wool/long) cardigan over there?
4. The post officer is an old ______ (Asian/slender/friendly) man.
5. I’m off to wash my _____ (dirty/running/gray) newly-bought sweatshirt.
Đáp án
1. short
2. ceramic
3. wool
4. Asian
5. dirty
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