Subject Verb Agreement | Các quy tắc về sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ tiếng Anh cô đọng

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Subject Verb Agreement | Các quy tắc về sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ tiếng Anh cô đọng

Sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ trong tiếng Anh là gì?

Sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ là cách động từ (V) thay đổi tùy theo chủ ngữ (S) ở dạng số nhiều hay số ít hay dạng không đếm được. Ví dụ:

  • There is one main reason we must tackle global warming (Có một lý do chính khiến chúng ta phải giải quyết vấn đề nóng lên toàn cầu).
  • There is a pen, some pencils and a rubber on the table (Có một cây bút, một số bút chì và cục gôm trên bàn).

6 quy tắc về sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ trong tiếng Anh

1. Động từ sau THERE IS, THERE ARE

  • Khi sử dụng “There is/ There are” hãy lưu ý rằng chúng ta sẽ không chia động từ “to be” dựa vào “There” mà sẽ chia dựa vào “danh từ theo sau” nó. Ví dụ: There are several reasons why we must tackle the problem of global warming (Có một số lý do tại sao chúng ta phải giải quyết vấn đề nóng lên toàn cầu) = > Ta có “several reasons” là danh từ số nhiều nên “to be” cũng chia theo ngôi số nhiều là “are”.
  • Ngoài ra, ta cũng thường xuyên bị chia động từ sai khi có nhiều danh từ theo sau. Với trường hợp có nhiều danh từ theo sau như này, chúng ta sẽ chỉ dựa vào danh từ đầu tiên để chia “to be” mà thôi.

2. Động từ đi kèm EITHER…OR and NEITHER…NOR

  • Với cấu trúc song song như “either…or” hoặc “neither…nor” thì động từ chia theo danh từ đứng gần nó nhất. 
  • Ví dụ: Neither the child nor her parents are at the school (Cả đứa trẻ và bố mẹ cô ấy đều không ở trường). Ở đây mình có “her parents” là danh từ đứng gần nhất với động từ chính, nên ta sẽ chia to be tương ứng là “are”.

3. Động từ đi với AS WELL AS, WITH, ALONG WITH, TOGETHER WITH, ACCOMPANIED BY

Tất cả các cụm giới từ mang nghĩa kết nối – ai đó cùng làm gì đó với ai như thế này sẽ đều có động từ chia theo CHỦ NGỮ THỨ NHẤT. Ví dụ:

  • Hoa, as well as her sisters, is studying in Hanoi (Hoa, cũng như các chị gái của cô, đang học ở Hà Nội).
  • She, along with me, is going to university this year (Cô ấy, cùng với tôi, sẽ vào đại học năm nay).

4. Động từ đi kèm ĐẠI TỪ BẤT ĐỊNH

Trong tiếng Anh, những đại từ bất định sẽ đều chia động từ ở dạng số ít. Đại từ bất định là những đại từ chưa xác định được cụ thể là ai, bao gồm danh sách sau:

Tài liệu VietJack

Ví dụ:

  • Something needs to be done because of the increasing rate of crime (Cần phải làm gì đó vì tỷ lệ tội phạm ngày càng tăng).
  • According to the news, nobody is directly responsible for the problems (Theo tin tức, không ai chịu trách nhiệm trực tiếp về các vấn đề).

5. Động từ sau TỪ CHỈ SỐ LƯỢNG

Một trong những cấu trúc quan trọng nhất trong IELTS Writing chính là A number/ The number of + danh từ số nhiều. Tuy nhiên 2 cách dùng này lại có cách chia động từ theo hoàn toàn khác nhau. 

  • A number of  + Danh từ số nhiều + V chia số nhiều. Ví dụ: A number of students are going to the zoo (Một số học sinh đang đi đến sở thú).
  • The number of + Danh từ số nhiều + V chia số ít. Ví dụ: The number of days in January is thirty-one (Số ngày trong tháng Giêng là ba mươi mốt).

6. Động từ sau THE + ADJECTIVE

Chúng ta đã biết cấu trúc THE + ADJECTIVE để chỉ một tập thể/ nhóm người như the rich = những người giàu, the poor = những người nghèo. Khi chúng làm chủ ngữ thì ta cũng chia động từ theo hình thức số nhiều.

THE + ADJECTIVE + V chia số nhiều

Ví dụ:

  • The young really like eating fast food (Giới trẻ rất thích ăn đồ ăn nhanh).
  • Despite not having much money, the poor are still happy (Dù không có nhiều tiền nhưng người nghèo vẫn hạnh phúc).

Bài tập về sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ 

Exercise 1. Choose the best answer for each question.

1. Apple as well as grape ………her favorite fruits.

a. has b. have c. is d. are

2. Neither Jane nor her sister ………exercise each morning.

a. do b. is doing c. does d. did

3. Drinking fruit juice…………..wonders for our health.

a. do b. is c. does d. have

4. John, along with twenty friends,……….planning a party.

a. are b. were c. is d. will

5. Reasons for this matter……………., but the most outstanding one is that people don’t like to travel a long way to pick up children afterschool.

a. has varied         b. has been varied    c. varies                      d. vary

6. Both Jane and Mary…………..going to Jimmy’s birthday party next Sunday.

a. has b. have c. are d. is

7. Physics………………..a difficult subject to some people.

a. was b. are c. is d. were

8. There……………100 people at the wedding yesterday.

a. was b. were c. are d. am

9. There……………an apple, 2 oranges and some bottles of milk on the table.

a. is b. are c. were d. being

10. There…………….several people at the convention hall now.

a. were b. are c. was d. is

Đáp án:

1. C

2. C

3. C

4. C

5. D

6. C

7. C

8. B

9. A

10. B

Exercise 2. Cho dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc

1. The English (be) ………. famous for their calmness.

2. The money that (spend) …………. on education every year (be) ………not enough.

3. The number of employees who (not, finish) …………. their work yet (have) ………. . to work on the weekend.

4. The office (close) …………on the weekend.

5. The office (try) ………a lot to win the boss’s heart recently.

6. Five kilos of gold (steal) ………. . from the bank yesterday.

7. Physics (cause) …………you any trouble at school.

8. Yesterday, neither you nor I (choose) …………. to deliver the speech.  So who (choose) ………. ?- Daisy and Ann (be) ……….

9. That you enjoy the food I cook (encourage) …………. me a lot.

10. When I (see) …………you yesterday, the boy in black trousers (try) ……. . to steal your wallet.

11. The contracts signed by the company (have) …………been voided because some stipulations were not met.

12. Ten miles (be) ………. a very long distance for us to walk.

13. Each package that is not properly wrapped (have) ………. . to be returned to the sender.

14. The keys of the house (have) ………. been lost.

Đáp án:

1. are

2. is spent/ is

3. hasn’t finished/ has

4. is closed

5. have tried

6. was stolen

7. has caused

8. was chosen/ was chosen/ were

9. encourages

10. saw/ was trying

11. have

12. is

13. has

14. have

Exercise 3. Chia động từ ở trong ngoặc

1. The old man with his dog (pass) my house every morning.

2. She has (work) for this company since her graduation.

3. A great number of tourist (flock) to Japan in summer festivals.

4. Some of the dishes in the kitchen (be) broken.

5. My brother (play) in the garden when I cooked in the kitchen.

6. She (be) going to fly to Hanoi tomorrow.

7. Many students in my class (speak) English fluently.

8. Most members in the team (agree) with the plan.

9. She (give) an excellent performance in the show.

10. Neither Tom nor his sister (like) drinking beer.

Đáp án:

1. passes

2. worked

3. flock

4. have

5. played

6. is

7. speak

8. agreed

9. gave

10. likes

Exercise 4. Hoàn thành câu bằng cách điền is/are, have/has hoặc does/do

1. James… taking a vacation in July.

2. Either John or you … responsible for taking charge of this task.

3. Both the cat and dog… fed three times a day.

4. Peter and his close friend… not gone swimming for a week.

5. It… been 5 years since I met her for the first time.

6. Her parents… proud of her success.

7. The problem… reported to the manager.

8. English… spoken in a wide range of countries in the world.

9. I… not want to eat anything after 10 p.m

10. Sophie… satisfied with her exam result.

Đáp án:

1. is

2. are

3. are

4. did

5. has

6. are

7. is

8. is

9. do

10. was

Exercise 5. Chọn đáp án đúng

1. At the end of the fall (comes/come) the hard tests.

2. The hard tests (comes/come) at the end of the fall.

3. Both of my roommates (has/have) decided to live in the dorms.

4. Both of the dogs (has/have) collars.

5. Each of the students (is/are) responsible for doing his or her work.

6. Either my mother or my brothers (is/are) going to sell the car.

7. Neither my sisters nor my father (is/are) going to sell the house.

8. Either the boy or the girls (walk/walks) into the room.

9. Either the girls or the boy (walk/walks) into the room.

10. Everyone (has/have) done his or her homework.

11. Mary and John usually (plays/play) together.

12. Neither the dogs nor the cat (is/are) very hungry.

13. The samples on the tray in the lab (need/needs) testing.

14. The slaughter of animals for their fur (has/have) caused controversy.

15. The student, as well as his teacher, (was/were) going on the field trip.

Đáp án:

1. come

2. come

3. have

4. have

5. is

6. are

7. is

8. walk

9. walks

10. has

11. play

12. is

13. need

14. has

15. was

Exercise 6. Tìm và sửa lỗi sai

1. Batik cloth from Bali, blue and white ceramics from Cambodia, and a bocce ball from Turin has made Hannah’s room the talk of the dorm.

2. Leah is the only one of the many applicants who has the ability to step into this job.

3. Measles are a contagious childhood disease.

4. Neither the explorer nor his companions was ever seen again.

5. Not until my interview with Dr Smith was other possibilities opened to me.

6. One of the main reasons for elephant poaching are the profits received from selling ivory tusks.

7. The board of directors, ignoring the wishes of the neighbourhood, have voted to allow further development.

8. The presence of certain bacteria in our bodies are one of the factors that determines our overall health.

Đáp án:

1. Batik cloth from Bali, blue and white ceramics from Cambodia, and a bocce ball from Turin have made Hannah’s room the talk of the dorm.

2. Leah is the only one of the many applicants who have the ability to step into this job.

3. Measles is a contagious childhood disease.

4. Neither the explorer nor his companions were ever seen again.

5. Not until my interview with Dr Smith were other possibilities opened to me.

6. One of the main reasons for elephant poaching is the profits received from selling ivory tusks.

7. The board of directors, ignoring the wishes of the neighbourhood, have voted to allow further development.

8. The presence of certain bacteria in our bodies is one of the factors that determines our overall health.

Exercise 7. Điền dạng đúng của từ vào chỗ trống

1. Anyone who (want) ______ to try out (need) ______ to make an appointment.

2. Each of the barrels (be) ______ full. Each one (need) ______ to be inspected. They (be) ______ from Italy.

3. Every one of the shoes (seem) ______ to need a shine. Neither of us (be) ______ ready to do it though.

4. There (have) ______ to be better bargains somewhere in town.

5. Here (come) ______ the meanest kids on the block. Why do they act so badly?

6. Jason, Timothy, Sandra, and I (be) ______ responsible for closing the store on the weekend.

7. Neither Jan nor I (be) ______ able to attend the meeting last Monday. We were sorry we had to miss it.

8. None of the tests (be) ______ graded, but all of the homework (be) ______ checked.

Đáp án:

1. Anyone who wants to try out needs to make an appointment.

2. Each of the barrels is full. Each one needs to be inspected. They are from Italy.

3. Every one of the shoes seems to need a shine. Neither of us is ready to do it though.

4. There have to be better bargains somewhere in town. 

5. Here come the meanest kids on the block. Why do they act so badly?

6. Jason, Timothy, Sandra, and I are responsible for closing the store on the weekend.

7. Neither John nor I was able to attend the meeting last Monday. We were sorry we had to miss it.

8. None of the tests is graded, but all of the homework is checked.

Exercise 8. Chọn từ ngữ đúng

1. (Is, Are) the news on at five or six?

2. (Is, Are) the tweezers in this drawer?

3. Nine dollars (is, are) the price of a movie nowadays.

4. Either answer (is, are) acceptable.

5. Either my mother or my father (is, are) coming to the meeting.

6. Either my shoes or your coat (is, are) always on the floor.

7. Every one of those books (is, are) fiction.

8. George and Fred (doesn’t, don’t) want to see that movie.

9. He (doesn’t, don’t) know the answer.

10. Mathematics (is, are) Anna’s favorite subject, while English (is, are) my favorite subject.

Đáp án:

1. Is

2. Are

3. Is

4. Is

5. Is

6. Is

7. Is

8. Don’t

9. Doesn’t

10. Is – Is

Exercise 9. Điền dạng đúng của từ vào chỗ trống

1. One of those sentences doesn’t make sense to me, but my classmates (be not) ______ confused by it.

2. The doctor and her husband (take) ______ a trip to Mexico each year.

3. The nurse or the secretary (come) ______ in on Saturday. Much work (need) ______ to be done.

4. The stories in this book don’t interest me, but my wife and son (enjoy) ______them.

5. There (be) ______ two tornadoes near here this year. They (frighten) ______ me.

6. They (be) ______ neighbours and (play) ______ in the same band.

7. This class, together with math and biology, (keep) ______ me extremely busy.

8. Tim and Jim (be) ______ friends for a long time.

Đáp án:

1. One of those sentences doesn’t make sense to me, but my classmates are not confused by it.

2. The doctor and her husband take a trip to Mexico each year.

3. The nurse or the secretary comes in on Saturday. Much work needs to be done.

4. The stories in this book don’t interest me, but my wife and son enjoy them.

5. There have been two tornadoes near here this year. They frighten me.

6. They are neighbours and play in the same band.

7. This class, together with math and biology, keeps me extremely busy.

8. Tim and Jim have been friends for a long time. 

Exercise 10. Chọn từ ngữ đúng

1. Nobody (know, knows) the trouble I’ve seen.

2. One of my sisters (is, are) going on a trip to China.

3. Emily and her brothers (is, are) at school.

4. The committee (debates, debate) these questions carefully.

5. The dog or the cats (is, are) outside.

6. The man with all the birds (live, lives) on my street.

7. The movie, including the credit, (take, takes) about one hour and a half to watch.

8. The players, as well as the captain of the team, (want, wants) to win.

9. There (was, were) ten candies in that bag. Now there (is, are) only one left!

10. Your shirt (is, are) at the cleaner’s.

Đáp án:

1. Knows

2. Is

3. Are

4. Debates

5. Is

6. Lives

7. Takes

8. Wants

9. Were – Is

10. Is

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