When là gì? | Cấu trúc, cách dùng When - Phân biệt cấu trúc When và While - Bài tập vận dụng
When có nghĩa là “khi, trong khi, lúc, trong lúc”.
Cấu trúc When dùng để nói về sự việc, hành động, tình huống đang diễn ra trong cùng tại 1 thời điểm.
Cấu trúc When được sử dụng nhiều ở trong các mệnh đề với vị trí là liên từ chỉ thời gian, When có thể đứng ở giữa hai mệnh đề để liên kết, hoặc có thể đứng ngay đầu mệnh đề chính nhưng hai mệnh đề ngăn cách nhau bởi dấu phẩy (,). Mệnh đề có chứa When là mệnh đề được bổ sung ngữ nghĩa cho mệnh đề chính. Ví dụ:
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Các cấu trúc When trong tiếng Anh |
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Công thức |
Cách dùng |
Ví dụ |
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When + present simple, present simple/ future simple |
Diễn tả mối quan hệ giữa hành động và kết quả, hoặc sự việc trong tương lai. |
When Jenny receives my letter, she will know my address. (Khi Jenny nhận được bức thư của tôi, cô ấy sẽ biết địa chỉ của tôi.) |
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When + simple past, past perfect |
Hành động xảy ra trước một hành động trong quá khứ (hành động ở mệnh đề when). |
When Kathy came to John’s home, John had gone to work. (Khi Kathy đến nhà của John thì John đã đi làm rồi.) |
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When + simple past, simple past |
Diễn tả hai hành động xảy ra song song, hoặc liên tiếp trong quá khứ. |
Kathy took a rest when the plane took off. (Kathy nghỉ ngơi trong lúc máy bay cất cánh.) |
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When + past continuous, simple past |
Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra, một hành động ngắn xen vào. |
When Harry was playing football, his phone rang. (Khi Harry đang chơi bóng đá thì điện thoại của anh ấy reo lên.) |
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When + past perfect, simple past |
Hành động xảy ra nối tiếp hành động trong quá khứ. |
When the opportunity had passed, Jenny realized that she had lost it. (Khi cơ hội đã đi qua, Jenny nhận ra rằng cô ta đã lỡ mất nó.) |
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When + simple past, past continuous |
Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra, một hành động ngắn xen vào. |
When Daisy called, Hanna was taking a bath. (Khi Daisy gọi, Hanna đang tắm.) |
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When + present simple, S + will + be + V_ing |
Hành động đang diễn ra trong tương lai song song với hành động ở mệnh đề when. |
When Peter receives Anna’s souvenir, she will be flying to Korea. (Khi Peter nhận được món quà lưu niệm của Anna, cô ấy sẽ bay đến Hàn Quốc.) |
Hardly/Scarcely + had + S + PII (Past Participle) when + S + V(ed) = Vừa mới…. thì….
Ví dụ: Hardly had Jenny left the house when she found out that she forgot her wallet. (Jenny vừa mới ra khỏi nhà thì cô ấy phát hiện ra mình quên ví tiền của mình.)
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Phân biệt cấu trúc When và While |
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Cấu trúc When |
Cấu trúc While |
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Giống nhau |
When và While đều là hai cấu trúc được sử dụng để nói về sự việc, hành động, tình huống đang diễn ra trong cùng tại một thời điểm. |
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Khác nhau |
When thường được dùng để nói về hai hành động đồng thời đang diễn ra trong một thời gian ngắn hoặc rất ngắn. |
While thường được dùng để nói về hai hành động đang diễn ra và kéo dài tại cùng 1 thời điểm nhất định. |
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Ví dụ |
Hanna went out when John arrived. (Hanna ta đã đi ra ngoài ngay sau khi John đến nơi.) => Hành động “đi ra ngoài” xảy ra ngay sau hành động đến và chỉ xảy ra trong khoảng thời gian ngắn. |
Hanna went out while John arrived. (Hanna đã đi ra ngoài ngay khi John đang đến.) => Hành động “đi ra ngoài” xảy ra đồng thời với hành động “đến” và xảy ra trong một khoảng thời gian nhất định. |
Bài 1: Chọn cấu trúc When hoặc While vào chỗ trống
1. Hanna first met her husband (when/while) ____ she was staying in the UK.
2. (When/While) ____ Jenny was talking to her boyfriend on the phone, her mom came home.
3. Harry was playing video games (when/while) ____ the electricity went off.
4. (When/While) ____ Martin was in his hometown, power cuts were frequent.
5. Daisy was very upset (when/while) ____ things hadn’t been going well for weeks.
6. Martin was having breakfast ___ Hanna came.
7. Kathy watched TV ____ Daisy cooked dinner.
8. Sara often visited her grandmother ____ she was a child.
Đáp án:
1. while
2. While
3. when
4. When
5. when
6. when
7. while
8. when
Bài 2: Chia động từ
1. When Hanna (study)______hard for the exam, Martin (pass) ______ by to visit me.
2. When Martin (do) ______a language course in Korea, he (visit) _____ Seoul.
3. Happily, when Harry (get up) _______ yesterday, the rain (not, fall) ______
Đáp án:
1. was studying/passed
2. was doing/visited
3. got up/wasn’t falling
Bài 3: Điền vào chỗ trống cấu trúc when hoặc while:
1. I was cooking the meal,.....the bell rang.
2. The children slept………..she cooked dinner.
3. …….we were having dinner, someone stole the car.
4. I often ate candy, ……..I was a child.
5. We first met each other……….we were staying in Vietnam.
6. My mother watched TV……………...I washed clothes.
7. She called him……………He was going to sleep.
8. ……………Marry got up yesterday, the rain was falling.
9. We saw the first signs of winter,.......................we were driving down the street.
10. I will text you…………….I get home.
Đáp án:
1. when
2. while
3. while
4. when
5. while
6. while
7. while
8. when
9. while
10. when
Bài 4: Điền vào chỗ trống với “When” hoặc “While”
1. I was having lunch __________ James arrived.
2. __________ I heard the doorbell, I went to the door.
3. __________ Jo was washing her hair, and I did my homework.
4. __________ I buy the bread, you can go to the butcher’s.
5. I was at the baker’s __________ I met Jo.
6. The customer was being helped by the salesman __________ the thief came into the store.
7. __________ you saw Keith, was he with Jo?
8. I was in the shop __________ someone stole my bag.
9. I hurt my back __________ I tried to lift the piano.
10. __________ we were standing outside the cinema, someone picked my pocket.
11. __________ Mrs Scott came back to her hotel, she called the elevator.
Đáp án:
1. when
2. When
3. While
4. While
5. when
6. when
7. When
8. when
9. when
10. While
11. When
Bài 5: Chọn ý đúng1. I saw him while/when I was on my way home
2. While/when he was young, he used to smoke a lot
3. George had a terrible accident while/when he was a child
4. While/when Jane was taking a bath, the phone rang three times
5. While/when we lived in London, we met many interesting people
6. Where are my friends while/when I most need them?
7. While/when I was driving, I listened to a very interesting radio program.
8. Who did you meet while/when you arrived at the party?
9. While/when I was speaking, they were thinking of something else!
10. I had many problems while/when I was a teenager
Đáp án:
1.while
2. When
3. When
4. While
5. When
6. when
7. While
8. when
9. While
10. when
Bài 6: Chia động từ đúng để hoàn thành câu
1. When I (study) _________ hard, my crowd (pass) _______ by to visit me.
2. When Jane (do) ________a language course in English, she (visit)________ the USA.
3. Happily, when we (get up) _________ yesterday, the rain (not, fall) _________.
4. While Jenny (play) ________ the guitar, her boyfriend (walk) ________ the dog.
5. While we (jog) _______ in the park, we (see) ________ the first signs of winter.
6. While my sister is cooking, my grandfather (read) ________ a newspaper.
Đáp án:
1. was studying/passed
2. was doing/visited
3. got up/wasn’t falling
4. was playing/was walking
5. were jogging/saw
6. is reading
Bài 7: Viết lại câu đã cho, sử dụng when hoặc while
1. I was making dinner. My brother was watching television.
2. We were watching a movie. A friend came over.
3. We were watching the movie. We were laughing.
4. The movie ended. I turned off the TV.
5. I was talking on the phone. My friend was reading a newspaper.
6. My friend stood up to leave. It was midnight.
7. He touched the door knob. We heard a thud on the roof.
Đáp án:
1. While I was making dinner, my brother was watching television.
2. We were watching the movie when a friend came over.
3. While we were watching the movie, we were laughing.
4. When the movie ended, I turned off the TV.
5. While I was talking on the phone, my friend was reading a newspaper.
6. My friend stood up to leave when it was midnight.
7. When he touched the doorknob, we heard a thud on the roof.
Bài 8: Chọn when/while điền vào chỗ trống.
1. I first met my husband (when/while) I was staying in Germany.
2. (when/while) I was talking to my aunt on the phone, and my dad came home.
3.We were watching Netflix (when/while) the electricity went off.
4. (when/while) Jane is working, she doesn’t often listen to music.
5. (when/while) I was in my hometown in the summer, and power cuts were very frequent.
6. My student texted me (when/while) I was going to sleep.
7. Linh was very sad (when/while) things hadn’t been going well for days.
8..We were having dinner (when/while) my teacher came.
9. He read the newspaper (when/while) I cooked dinner.
10. I often visited my uncle (when/while) I was a child.
11. I was having dinner the telephone rang.
12. they were sleeping, somebody broke into their house.
13. She slept I cooked.
14. you called, he picked up his cell phone.
15. I often went to the museum I was 10.
Đáp án:
1. while
2. While
3. when
4. While
5. When
6. while
7. when
8. when
9. while
10. when
11. when
12. While
13. while
14. When
15. when
Bài 9: Chia động từ trong ngoặc
1. When I (study) hard for the final exam, my friend (pass) by to visit me.
2. When Hoa (do) a language course in English, she (visit) the USA.
3. Happily, when we (get up) yesterday, the rain (not, fall) .
4. While John (play) badminton, his sister (walk) around.
5. While we (jog) in the park, we (see) a lot of butterflies.
6. While my mother is washing dishes, my father (water) the trees.
7. When he (be) a child, he usually went to the zoo.
8. While I was doing exercise, my wife (cook) dinner.
9. When I lived in Japan, I (work) as an electrical engineer.
10. While I (talking) with my friend, the bus arrived.
11. My uncle (break) his leg while he was fixing his house’s roof.
12. Our parents (divorce) when I was 12.
13. I was doing my homework when my father (come) home.
14. She watched the news on TV when she (sit) in the restaurant.
15. When she (finish) the exam, she went shopping.
Đáp án:
1. was studying
2. passed
3. was doing
4. visited
5. got up
6. wasn’t falling
7. was playing
8. was walking
9. were jogging
10. saw
11. is watering
12. was
13. was cooking
14. worked
15. was talking
16. broke
17. divorced
18. came
19. was sitting
20. finished
Bài 10: Điền vào ô trống với “When” hoặc “While”
1. I was having breakfast Lan arrived.
2. I heard the phone ring, I woke up.
3. Jane was washing the dishes, and I cleaned up the house.
4. I buy some milk, you can go to the park.
5. I was at the market I met Linh.
6. The salesman was arranging the goods the thief came into the store.
7. you saw Tuan, was he with his girlfriend?
8. Someone stole my bag I was buying some books.
9. I hurt my hand I tried to lift the wardrobe.
10. we were standing outside the stadium, someone picked my bag.
Đáp án:
1.when
2. when
3. While
4. While
5. when
6. when
7. when
8. while
9. when
10. while
Bài 11: Sắp xếp các từ sau thành câu hoàn chỉnh
1. on my way home/ I/ was/ him/ saw/ I/ while.
2. smoke a lot/ young/ used to/ he/ was/ When/ he.
3. a terrible accident/ when/ a child/ was/ Peter/ had.
4. rang/ taking a bath,/ While/ the phone/ three times/ Lan/ was.
5. London,/ we/ lived in/ When/ many interesting people/ met/ we.
6. when/ my friends/ Where/ are/ most need them/ I?
7. was driving,/ a very interesting radio program/ While/ I/ listened to/ I.
8. you/ Who/ when/ did/ arrived at/ meet/ you/ the party?
9. were thinking of/ While/ was speaking,/ I/ they/ something else!
10. a teenager/ had/ I/ when/ many problems/ I/ was.
Đáp án:
1. I saw him while I was on my way home.
2. When he was young, he used to smoke a lot.
3. Peter had a terrible accident when he was a child.
4. While Lan was taking a bath, the phone rang three times.
5. When we lived in London, we met many interesting people.
6. Where are my friends when I most need them?
7. While I was driving, I listened to a very interesting radio program.
8. Who did you meet when you arrived at the party?
9. While I was speaking, they were thinking of something else!
10. I had many problems when I was a teenager.
Bài 12:Tìm và sửa lỗi sai
1. She met him while she traveled on a train.
2. While the woman was getting off the bus, she was falling down.
3. The thief was breaking into while we were sleeping.
4. Lan took a photo while I didn't look.
5. While my mum was working in the garden, she was hurting her back.
6. We were living in Hanoi when our old aunt die.
7. When I got up this morning, it rained heavily.
8. While my dad was brushing his teeth, my mum was falling asleep.
9. I saw a nightmare while I slept last night.
10. What happened in your dream while a monster chased you?
Đáp án:
1. traveled -> was traveling
2. was falling down -> fell down
3. was breaking -> broke
4. didn't look -> wasn't looking
5. was hurting -> hurt
6. die -> died
7. rained -> was raining
8. was falling asleep -> fell asleep
9. slept -> was sleeping
10. chased -> was chasing
Bài 13: Điền when hoặc while vào chỗ trống
1. She said that ______ she first met him, she fell in love right away.
2. _________I was chatting with my best friend about my crush, my brother suddenly went into my room.
3. ___________ we were watching the Insidious, someone heard a voice outside the window
4. He would never answer phone calls _______ working.
5. I have known her for a _______, she’s a kind person.
6. My boyfriend called me just _____ I decided to study.
7. They went devastated _______ they heard about the bad news on the phone
8. She was doing the housework ______ her husband was taking care of their kids.
Đáp án:
1. When
2. While
3. When
4. While
5. While
6. When
7. When
8. While
Bài 14: Điền “when” hoặc “while” vào chỗ trống các câu sau: (1 số câu có thể có nhiều đáp án)
a) I usually go to the gym ________ I finish work.
b) He likes to listen to music ________ he’s driving.
c) She fell asleep ________ she was studying.
d) ________ he was on vacation, he visited many famous landmarks.
e) They always go for a walk ________ the sun is setting.
Đáp án:
1. a) I usually go to the gym when I finish work. (Tôi thường đi tập gym sau khi kết thúc công việc.)
Giải thích: “When” được sử dụng để chỉ thời điểm một sự kiện xảy ra sau một sự kiện khác, diễn tả 2 hành động gần kề hoặc nối tiếp nhau.
2. b) He likes to listen to music while he’s driving. (anh ấy thích nghe nhạc trong khi đang lái xe)
Giải thích: “While” được sử dụng để chỉ thời gian hai hành động diễn ra đồng thời.
3. c) She fell asleep while/when she was studying. (cô ấy đã ngủ gật khi/trong khi đang học.)
Giải thích: “While/When” được sử dụng để chỉ hành động đang xảy ra thì hành động khác xen vào.
4. d) When he was on vacation, he visited many famous landmarks.
(anh ấy đã thăm nhiều danh lam thắng cảnh khi đang nghỉ phép.)
Giải thích: “When” được sử dụng để chỉ thời điểm một sự kiện xảy ra trong quá khứ.
5. e) They always go for a walk when the sun is setting. (họ thường đi dạo khi mặt trời đang lặn)
Giải thích: “When” được sử dụng để chỉ thời điểm hoặc điều kiện một hành động xảy ra.
Bài 15: Điền “when” hoặc “while” vào chỗ trống các câu sau: (1 số câu có thể có nhiều đáp án)
a) He called me ________ I was doing my homework.
b) I like to take a walk ________ the weather is nice.
c) ________ she was reading a book, her phone rang.
d) ________ I was on vacation, I visited many museums.
e) She fell asleep ________ she was watching a movie.
Đáp án:
1. a) He called me while/when I was doing my homework.
(anh ấy đã gọi điện cho tôi khi/ trong khi tôi đang làm bài tập về nhà.)
Giải thích: “While/when ” được sử dụng để chỉ thời gian một hành động đang xảy ra thì hành động khác xen vào.
2. b) I like to take a walk when the weather is nice. (tôi thích đi dạo khi thời tiết đẹp.)
Giải thích: “When” được sử dụng để chỉ thời điểm hoặc điều kiện một hành động xảy ra.
3. c) While/when she was reading a book, her phone rang
(Khi/trong khi cô ấy đang đọc sách và điện thoại của cô ấy reo.)
Giải thích: “While/when” được sử dụng để chỉ hành động đang xảy ra thì hành động khác xen vào.
4. d) When I was on vacation, I visited many museums.
(tôi đã đi du lịch khi tôi đang nghỉ phép và thăm nhiều bảo tàng.)
Giải thích: “When” được sử dụng để chỉ thời điểm một sự kiện xảy ra trong quá khứ.
5. e) She fell asleep while/when she was watching a movie.
(cô ấy đã ngủ gật trong khi/trong khi đang xem phim.)
Giải thích: “While/when” được sử dụng để chỉ thời điểm một hành động đang xảy ra thì hành động khác xen vào.
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