Asked | Định nghĩa, cấu trúc, cụm từ đi kèm với Asked và bài tập vận dụng
Ask là một động từ trong tiếng Anh dùng để hỏi, yêu cầu hay đề nghị điều gì đó với ai. Thì quá khứ 2 và 3 của Ask được chia là Asked.
Cấu trúc Asked được sử dụng để tường thuật lại các câu hỏi một cách gián tiếp. Vì thế bạn hãy lưu ý lùi thì và thay đổi một số trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn theo quy tắc khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp hoặc gián tiếp nhé. Ví dụ:
Câu hỏi Yes/No question là loại câu hỏi mà người nghe phải lựa chọn trả lời “Yes” hoặc “No”. Cấu trúc Asked Sb khi sử dụng với câu hỏi Yes/No ở dạng gián tiếp thì có công thức như sau:
S + asked/asked (sb)/wondered/wanted to know/ + if/whether + Clause
Ví dụ:
=> Jenny asked Peter if/whether he likes reading comics.
(Jenny hỏi Peter liệu anh ấy có thích đọc truyện tranh không.)
Lưu ý:
Nếu như trong câu trực tiếp chứa “or not” thì câu gián tiếp bắt buộc phải sử dụng “Whether”, không sử dụng cấu trúc asked if ở trường hợp này. Ví dụ:
=> Sara asked her son whether she loves to eat chicken. (Sara hỏi con trai có thích ăn thịt gà không.)
Wh-question là một trong những loại câu hỏi khá phổ biến với cấu trúc Asked. Đây là dạng câu hỏi bắt đầu từ những từ để hỏi với “Wh” (Ví dụ như what, when, where, why,… ).
Cấu trúc Asked câu gián tiếp dạng Wh-questions:
S + asked/asked + sb/wondered/wanted to know + Clause
Ví dụ:
=> Martin asked Anna what she was doing with his pet. (Martin hỏi Anna rằng cô ta đang làm gì với thú cưng của anh ấy.)
Khác với hai cấu trúc ở trên. cấu trúc Asked dùng trong câu mệnh lệnh có nghĩa là đề nghị, yêu cầu.
Trực tiếp: V-inf/ Don’t + V-inf, please
Gián tiếp: S + asked/told/advised/ordered/wanted/warned + sb + (not) + to V-inf
Ví dụ:
=> Jenny asked me to turn on the ceiling fans. (Jenny yêu cầu tôi bật quạt trần.)
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Ask |
Request |
Require |
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Giống nhau |
Cả ba cấu trúc Ask, Request, Require để được sử dụng để yêu cầu hay đề nghị về điều gì đó. |
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Khác nhau |
Cấu trúc Asked có nghĩa yêu cầu ai làm gì hoặc cho bạn điều gì. Ask được dùng ở bất cứ trường hợp nào, không phân biệt sắc thái formal hay informal. Khi dùng cấu trúc Ask, người nói muốn đối phương thực hiện điều mà họ mong muốn. Sự nhấn mạnh không bằng động từ Request. |
Request có nghĩa yêu cầu ai làm gì theo một cách lịch sự, trang trọng hoặc những hoàn cảnh chính thức. Request là động từ cũng đồng thời là danh từ. Khi dùng Request thì mang ý chủ động còn trong trường hợp bị động thì thường dùng Require. |
Require nghĩa là yêu cầu ai đó làm gì hoặc việc gì xảy ra. Thường dùng trong các trường hợp yêu cầu ai đó dựa theo nội quy, luật lệ. Request được sử dụng trong những trường hợp mang nghĩa bị động. |
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Ví dụ |
Jenny asked Martin what time the shop opened to go shopping. (Jenny hỏi Martin mấy giờ thì cửa hàng mở cửa để đi mua sắm.) |
Police requested to arrest the suspect. (Cảnh sát yêu cầu bắt tạm giam nghi phạm.) |
The employees are required to comply with the company’s rules. (Các nhân viên bị yêu cầu phải tuân thủ nội quy công ty.) |
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Cấu trúc |
Dịch nghĩa |
Ví dụ |
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Ask sb to go on a date |
Mời/Hẹn hò ai đó đi chơi. |
Harry asked Anna to go out tonight. (Harry rủ Anna đi chơi tối nay.) |
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Ask after somebody |
Hỏi thăm sức khỏe ai đó |
John asked after his mother. (John hỏi thăm mẹ anh ấy.) |
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Ask sb for a lift |
Hỏi ai cho đi nhờ xe |
Peter was driving, a woman asking him for a lift. (Peter đang lái xe, có một người phụ nữ xin đi nhờ.) |
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Ask somebody to do something |
Yêu cầu ai làm gì |
Kathy asked her son to come back home before 11pm (Kathy yêu cầu con trai trở về nhà trước 11 giờ tối.) |
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Ask for it |
xứng đáng phải nhận lấy điều tồi tệ nào đó |
“You shouldn’t treat John badly.” (Bạn không nên đối xử tệ với John.” “He asked for it!” (Anh ta xứng đáng phải chịu điều đó.) |
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Be asking for trouble/ Be asking for it |
gây sự |
Peter was asking for trouble when he insulted their country. (Peter đã gây sự khi anh ta xúc phạm đất nước của họ.) |
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I ask you |
thể hiện sự bực tức về điều gì đó |
Jenny told me I had to work late on Monday night. I ask you! (Jenny nó với tôi rằng tôi phải làm việc tới tối muộn vào thứ Hai. Thật bực mình!) |
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If you ask me |
thể hiện ý kiến cá nhân |
Their decision was a mistake, if you ask me. (Quyết định của họ là một sự sai lầm, theo ý kiến cá nhân của tôi là vậy.) |
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For the asking |
dễ dàng đạt được điều gì |
The job is her for the asking. (Công việc này là dễ dàng trong tầm tay của bạn.) |
Ex 1: Chuyển những câu sau sang dạng gián tiếp sử dụng cấu trúc asked
1.“Open the book.” he said to his son.
=> He asked his son …………………………………………………………………………
2. “Where are you going next Sunday?” Bill asked Min.
=> Bill asked Min where ……………………………………………………………………
3. “Which subjects did they enroll in?” he asked.
=> He asked ……………………………………………………………………………………
4. “Is it going to be a rainy day today?” Luna asked me.
=> Luna asked me ……………………………………………………………………………
5. “Is the KPM park far away?” the girl asked.
=> The girl asked ……………………………………………………………………………..
Đáp án
1. He asked his son to open the book.
2. Bill asked Min where she was going the next Sunday.
3. He asked me which subjects they had enrolled in.
4. Luna asked me whether/if it was going to be a rainy day that day.
5. The girl asked whether/if the KPM park was far away.
Ex 2: Điền từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống
1. Did you ask the … before buying all this stuff?
2. I am writing to ask … some information about courses.
3. She asked her boss … she could have the day off.
4. We should ask the neighbors ….
5. Their marriage was a big mistake, … you ask me.
Đáp án
1. price
2. for
3. whether/if
4. round
5. if
Ex 3: Viết lại câu theo gợi ý
1. “Where is my umbrella?” she asked.
→ She asked …………………………………
2. “How are you?” Martin asked us.
→ Martin asked us…………………………………
3. He asked, “Do I have to do it?”
→ He asked…………………………………
4. “Where have you been?” the mother asked her daughter.
→ The mother asked her daughter…………………………………
5. “Which dress do you like best?” she asked her boyfriend.
→ She asked her boyfriend…………………………………
6. “How do you know that?” she asked me.
→ She asked me…………………………………
7. “Has Caron talked to Kevin?” my friend asked me.
→ My friend asked me…………………………………
Đáp án
1. She asked where her umbrella was.
2. Martin asked us how we were.
3. He asked if he had to do it.
4. The mother asked her daughter where she had been.
5. She asked her boyfriend which dress he liked best.
6. She asked me how I knew that.
7. My friend asked me if Caron had talked to Kevin.
Ex 4: Chuyển những câu sau sang dạng gián tiếp sử dụng cấu trúc asked
1. “Please let me borrow your dictionary.” he said to her.
=> He asked… …………………………………………………………………………………
2. “How many subjects have you finished since 2019?” the examiner asked John.
=> The examiner asked …………………………………………………………………..
3. “Where is the best place to buy gifts for my children?”, Linda asked
=> Linda asked…………………………………………………………………………………..
4. “Can I borrow your calculator, Min?” asked Peter.
=> Peter asked if …………………………………………………………………………………
5. “What do you want for dinner today, Bill?” June asked.
=> June asked……………………………………………………………………………………
Đáp án
1. He asked her to let him borrow her dictionary.
2. The examiner asked John how many subjects he had finished since 2019.
3. Linda asked me where the best place to buy gifts for her children was.
4. Peter asked Min whether/if he could borrow her calculator.
5. June asked what Bill wanted for dinner that day.
Ex 5: Điền từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống
1. Adam always asks … you in his letters.
2. How much were they asking … their house?
3. The interviewer asked me … my future plans.
4. All the students were asked … complete a questionnaire.
5. I hoped the neighbor wouldn't ask me ….
Đáp án
1. after
2. for
3. about
4. to
5. back
Ex 6: Viết lại câu gián tiếp với công thức asked
1. What is your name? → She asked him…………………………………
2. Where do you live? → She asked him…………………………………
3. What do you do for a living? → She asked him…………………………………
4. What time do you wake up? → She asked him…………………………………
5. Do you have a shower every morning? → She asked him…………………………………
6. Where did you go last weekend? → She asked him…………………………………
7. Why did you go there? → She asked him…………………………………
Đáp án
1. She asked him what his name was.
2. She asked him where he lived.
3. She asked him what he did for a living.
4. She asked him when he woke up.
5. She asked him if/whether he had a shower every morning.
6. She asked him where he had gone the previous weekend/the weekend before.
7. She asked him why he had gone there
Ex 7: Viết lại câu gián tiếp với công thức asked
1. Did you enjoy going there? → She asked him…………………………………
2. Where are you going next weekend? → She asked him…………………………………
3. Will you be with your friends? → She asked him…………………………………
4. Can you take me with you? → She asked him…………………………………
5. What will the weather be like? → She asked him…………………………………
6. How are we going to get there? → She asked him…………………………………
7. Shall we take anything to eat? → She asked him…………………………………
Đáp án
1. She asked him if/whether he had enjoyed going there.
2. She asked him where he was going the next weekend/the following weekend.
3. She asked him if/whether he would be with his friends.
4. She asked him if/whether he could take her with him.
5. She asked him what the weather would be like.
6. She asked him how they were going to get there.
7. She asked him if/whether they should take anything to eat.
Ex 8: Viết lại câu gián tiếp với công thức asked
1. What do you want me to bring? → She asked him…………………………………
2. Where are we going to spend the night? → She asked him …………………………………
3. Shall I take clean blankets? → She asked him…………………………………
4. Can I invite a friend of mine? → She asked him…………………………………
5. Are you sure? → She asked him…………………………………
6. What time shall we get back? → She asked him…………………………………
Đáp án
1. She asked him what he wanted her to bring.
2. She asked him where they were going to spend the night.
3. She asked him if/whether she should take clean blankets.
4. She asked him if/whether she could invite a friend of her.
5. She asked him if/whether he was sure.
6. She asked him what time they should get back.
Ex 9: Dùng cấu trúc asked chuyển sang câu gián tiếp
1. Christopher: “Do you want to dance?”
Christopher asked me…………………………………
2. Mark: “Has John arrived?”
Mark asked me…………………………………
3. Ronald: “Where does Maria park her car?”
Ronald asked me…………………………………
4. Elisabeth: “Did you watch the latest film?”
Elisabeth asked me…………………………………
5. Andrew: “Will Mandy have lunch with Sue?”
Andrew asked me…………………………………
6. Justin: “What are you doing?”
Justin asked me…………………………………
7. Anne: “Must I do the shopping?”
Anne asked…………………………………
Đáp án
1. Christopher asked me if I wanted to dance.
2. Mark asked me if John had arrived.
3. Ronald asked me where Maria parked her car.
4. Elisabeth asked me if I had watched the latest film.
5. Andrew asked me if Mandy would have lunch with Sue.
6. Justin asked me what I was doing.
7. Anne asked if she had to do the shopping.
Ex 10: Dùng cấu trúc asked chuyển sang câu gián tiếp
1. Peter asked me, “Did you go to the cinema yesterday?”
Peter asked me…………………………………
2. She asked me, “Have you ever been in Spain?”
She asked me…………………………………
3. Eve asked him, “What can I do for you?”
Eve asked him…………………………………
4. He asked her, “Do you know the right way?”
He asked her…………………………………
5. Ann asked them, “Are you driving to London this weekend?”
Ann asked them…………………………………
6. They asked me, “What’s the time?”
They asked me…………………………………
7. He asked, “Who was looking for the lost Englishmen?”
He asked…………………………………
8. She asked, “When has Carol lost her last match?”
She asked…………………………………
Đáp án
1. Peter asked me if I had gone to the cinema the day before.
2. She asked me if I had ever been to Spain.
3. Eve asked him what she could do for him.
4. He asked her if she knew the right way.
5. Ann asked them if they were driving to London that weekend.
6. They asked me what the time was.
7. He asked who had been looking for the lost Englishmen.
8. She asked when Carol had lost her last match.
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