Cấu trúc Such that và So that | Định nghĩa, công thức, cách dùng và bài tập vận dụng
Cả hai cấu trúc So that và Such that đều mang nghĩa là “quá … đến nỗi mà“, được dùng trong trường hợp giải thích kết quả hoặc để giải thích ý kiến về một điều gì đó (đã được đề từ cập trước).
Chúng được sử dụng để mô tả cả nguyên nhân và kết quả của tình huống trong câu. Cấu trúc So that và Such that tuy giống nhau về ngữ nghĩa nhưng có sự khác biệt trong cách dùng.
Cấu trúc so that có nghĩa là “quá … đến nỗi mà”, thường dùng để cảm thán, bộc lộ cảm xúc với một đối tượng, sự vật hoặc sự việc. Cấu trúc so…that có rất nhiều cách dùng khác nhau.
Cụ thể:
Ví dụ:
- The food was so hot that we couldn’t eat it. (Thức ăn nóng quá đến nỗi chúng tôi không thể ăn được)
- The girl is so beautiful that everyone likes her. (Cô gái đó xinh quá đến nỗi ai cũng yêu quý cô ấy)
Một số động từ chỉ tri giác như: seem, feel, taste, smell, sound, look….
Ví dụ:
- I felt so angry that I decided to cancel the trip. (Tôi tức giận quá đến nỗi mà tôi đã hủy ngay chuyến đi)
- She looks so beautiful that every boy in class looks at her. (Trông cô ấy xinh quá đến nỗi mọi chàng trai trong lớp đều nhìn cô ấy)
Cấu trúc so that này thường dùng với danh từ, trong câu có xuất hiện so many, much/little.
Ví dụ:
He drove so quickly that no one could caught him up. (Anh ta lái xe nhanh đến nỗi không ai đuổi kịp anh ta).
Ví dụ:
She has so many hats that she spends much time choosing the suitable one. (Cô ấy có nhiều mũ đến nỗi cô ấy rất rất nhiều thời gian để chọn lựa một chiếc thích hợp)
Ví dụ:
He drank so much milk in the morning that he felt bad. (Buổi sáng anh ta uống nhiều sữa đến mức mà anh ấy cảm thấy khó chịu)
Đối với danh từ đếm được số ít, chúng ta lại có cấu trúc sau với So… that
Ví dụ:
- It was so big a house that all of us could stay in it. (Đó là một ngôi nhà lớn đến nỗi tất cả chúng tôi đều ở được trong đó.)
- She has so good a computer that she has used it for 6 years without any errors in it. (Cô ấy có chiếc máy tính tốt đến nỗi cô ấy đã dùng 6 năm mà không bị lỗi.)
Đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh nhằm nhấn mạnh ý định của người nói, đặc điểm của sự vật, sự việc. Vì thế, ngoài cấu trúc so that ở trên thì có cấu trúc đảo ngữ. Bao gồm:
Ví dụ: So beautiful is the car that everybody wants to buy it. (Chiếc xe này đẹp quá khiến ai cũng muốn mua nó).
Ví dụ: So carelessly did she drive that there were many accidents last night (Cô ấy lái ẩu đến mức mà tối qua đã có rất nhiều vụ tai nạn).
Tương tự như cấu trúc So that thì such that cũng có nghĩa là quá … đến nỗi mà. Tuy nhiên, such that lại có cách sử dụng hoàn toàn khác.
Lưu ý: Đối với các danh từ số ít hoặc không đếm được thì không dùng a/an
Ví dụ:
- This is such difficult homework that it took me much time to finish it. (Bài tập về nhà khó đến nỗi tôi mất rất nhiều thời gian mới làm xong).
- The girl is so beautiful that everyone likes her. (Cô gái đó đẹp đến nỗi ai cũng yêu quý cô ấy)
=> She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her.
Cấu trúc: Such + be + a/an + adj + N + that + S + V + O
hoặc Such + a/an + adj + N + be + S + that + S + V + O
Ví dụ:
Such is a pretty boy that every girl falls in love with him (Anh ấy đẹp trai đến mức mà mọi cô gái đều yêu anh ấy)
Hoặc Such a pretty boy is he that every girl falls in love with him
| So that | Such that | |
| Giống nhau |
|
|
| Khác nhau |
Ví dụ:
=> John is so strong that he can lift the box. (John khỏe đến mức có thể nâng chiếc hộp lên.)
=> Jenny drank so much beer that she became drunk. (Jenny uống nhiều bia đến mức say.)
=> John bought so many books that he didn’t know where to put them. (John mua nhiều sách đến nỗi không biết xếp chúng ở đâu.) |
Ví dụ:
=> Peter is such a naughty boy that no one likes him. (Peter là một cậu bé nghịch ngợm đến mức không ai thích cậu ấy.)
=> It is such hot food that Jenny can’t eat it. (Đó là đồ ăn đến nỗi Jenny không thể ăn được.)
=> Anna has such a soft voice that everyone likes her. (Anna có một giọng hát nhẹ nhàng đến nỗi mọi người đều thích cô ấy.) |
Trong tiếng Anh, khi cần thể hiện ý nghĩa điều gì đó “quá” một cách không mong muốn, ngoài sử dụng So that và Such that thì bạn có thể sử dụng cấu trúc Too… to là một cấu trúc tương đương với So that và Such that. Tuy nhiên, cấu trúc Too… to thường mang ý nghĩa tiêu cực nhiều hơn.
Công thức:
Too + adj + to + V
Ví dụ:
Trường hợp các mệnh đề có chủ ngữ khác nhau thì ta có cấu trúc sau:
Too + adj + for sb + to + V
Ví dụ:
Bài 1: Viết lại những câu sau sử dụng cấu trúc such that
1. She told interesting stories. They all like her
—> ----------------------------------------------
2. I have a difficult exercise. I couldn’t do it
—> ----------------------------------------------
3. The pictures are beautiful. Everybody will want one.
—> ----------------------------------------------
4. Day is very hot. We decided to stay indoors
—> ----------------------------------------------
5. The speaker gave a long talk. Most of the audience felt sleepy
—> ----------------------------------------------
Đáp án
1. She told such interesting stories that they all liked her.
2. I have such a difficult exercise that I can't do it.
3. They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one
4. It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors
5. The speaker gave such a long talk that most of the audience felt sleepy.
Bài 2: Viết lại câu
1. It was such an expensive car that nobody can buy it.
—> The car was so………………………………
2. The coffee is so strong that I can't go to sleep.
—> So………………………………
3. The room is too small for us to take the meeting.
—> The room is………………………………
4. My brother is a good swimmer. He has won 6 gold medals.
—> My brother is………………………………
Đáp án
1. The car was so expensive that nobody can buy it.
2. So strong is coffee that I can't go to sleep.
3. The room is so small that we can’t take the meeting.
4. My brother is such a good swimmer that he has won 6 gold medals.
Bài 3: Điền so/such phù hợp vào chỗ trống
1. I spend ... much money that I can't save any.
2. Jimmy and Ken are ... alike that I can't tell one from another.
3. Shames is ... a nice dog that he never barks.
4. Those are ... great pictures that I never want to throw them away.
5. I am ... bored that I just want to sleep.
6. Our neighbors are ... kind that they let us borrow their lawn mower.
7. My back aches ... badly that I can't lift anything anymore.
8. Hawaii has ... amazing beaches that everyone wants to live there.
Đáp án
1. so
2. so
3. such
4. such
5. so
6. so
7. so
8. such
Bài 4: Điền so/such phù hợp vào chỗ trống
1. It was ... dark that I couldn't see her face.
2. The day was ... hot that everybody went to the beach.
3. Most TV programmes are ... boring that nobody watches them.
4. We had ... horrible day that we felt depressed.
5. I'm having ... a wonderful time in Taghit that I don't want to go home.
6. This test was ... easy that I didn't need to check my answers.
7. The party was ... well organized that everybody had a great time.
8. We had ... long and tiring trip that we just wanted to go home.
9. He has ... beautiful voice that he should try to become a professional singer.
Đáp án
1. So
2. So
3. So
4. Such
5. such
6. so
7. so
8. such
9. such
Bài 5: Hoàn thành đoạn văn với so / such
Finland is (1)_______ a nice place to go on winter holidays. The winter there is (2)_______ mild and welcoming! You can do snowboarding, skating, skiing or any other winter sport, there are (3)_______ many possibilities. We found (4)_______ a lovely hotel, and it was (5)_______ a short walk to the skiing slope. Well, winter season in Finland is not (6)_______ cheap as we expected, but we had (7)_______ a great time there. It is (8)_______ tempting to come there every winter, again and again.
Đáp án
(1) such
(2) so
(3) so
(4) such
(5) such
(6) so
(7) such
(8) so
Bài 6: Viết lại câu sử dụng so that, such that
Example: It was so lonely there. -> It was such a lonely day there.
1. You have such a big and comfortable house!
—> ----------------------------------------------
2. Her Swiss watch is so unique and expensive.
—> ----------------------------------------------
3. She had such a busy preparation for her wedding.
—> ----------------------------------------------
4. Your room is so untidy and not cozy.
—> ----------------------------------------------
5. It was such an obvious decision for you.
—> ----------------------------------------------
6. The exam was hard. I'm sure I won't pass.
—> ----------------------------------------------
7. It was very cold. We had to stop the game.
—> ----------------------------------------------
8. He is terribly rich. He can afford to buy almost anything.
—> ----------------------------------------------
9. The speech was really long. Everybody was bored.
—> ----------------------------------------------
10. I'm having a wonderful time. I don't want to leave.
—> ----------------------------------------------
11. Skiing was a good experience. I decided to do it again.
—> ----------------------------------------------
12. She's got an excellent English accent. Everybody thinks she is British.
—> ----------------------------------------------
13. Thailand has got beautiful temples. Millions of tourists go there every year.
—> ----------------------------------------------
Đáp án
1. Your house is so big and comfortable!
2. She has such a unique and expensive Swiss watch.
3. Her preparation for the wedding was so busy.
4. You have such an untidy and not cozy room.
5. This decision was so obvious for you.
6.The exam was so hard that I'm sure I won't pass.
7. It was so cold that we had to stop the game
8. He is so rich that he can afford to buy anything
9. The speech was so long that everybody was bored
10. I'm having such a wonderful time that I don't want to leave.
11. Skiing was such a good experience that I decided to do it again
12. She's got such an excellent English accent that everybody thinks she is British
13. Thailand has got such beautiful temples that millions of tourists go there every year
Bài 7: Viết lại câu sau thành dạng đảo ngữ
1. It was such a beautiful day that we decided to go for a picnic.
2. The movie was so entertaining that I watched it twice.
3. She is such a talented singer that she always mesmerizes the audience.
4. It was so delicious a meal that we couldn’t resist having seconds.
5. The dress was so expensive that I couldn’t afford to buy it.
Đáp án
1. Such was the beauty of the day that we decided to go for a picnic.
2. So entertaining was the movie that I watched it twice.
3. So talented is she that she always mesmerizes the audience.
4. Such was the deliciousness of the meal that we couldn’t resist having seconds.
5. So expensive was the dress that I couldn’t afford to buy it.
Bài 8: Viết lại câu sử dụng cấu trúc so that hoặc such that
1. The movie was extremely scary, and I couldn’t sleep at night.
2. The traffic was very heavy, and we arrived late for the meeting.
3. The book was incredibly interesting, and I finished it in one day.
4. The music was so loud that it hurt my ears.
5. The problem was quite challenging, and it took me hours to solve it.
6. The weather was extremely hot, and we had to stay indoors.
7. The concert was amazing, and it left a lasting impression on me.
8. The news was shocking, and it made headlines worldwide.
9. The room was very small, and we couldn’t fit all the furniture in it.
10. The dish was incredibly delicious, and I couldn’t resist having seconds.
Đáp án
1. The movie was so scary that I couldn’t sleep at night.
2. The traffic was so heavy that we arrived late for the meeting.
3. The book was such an interesting read that I finished it in one day.
4. The music was such a loud volume that it hurt my ears.
5. The problem was so challenging that it took me hours to solve it.
6. The weather was so hot that we had to stay indoors.
7. The concert was such an amazing experience that it left a lasting impression on me.
8. The news was so shocking that it made headlines worldwide.
9. The room was so small that we couldn’t fit all the furniture in it.
10. The dish was such a delicious treat that I couldn’t resist having seconds.
Bài 9: Viết lại câu sử dụng So … that và such …. that.
1. He is so poor. He can’t go to school.
—> He is so ___________
—> He is such _________
2. The candy is so excellent. All children want some more.
—> The candy is _______
—> It is such ___________
3. He ran so fast. Nobody could catch up with him.
—> He ran so ________
—> He was such _____
4. She is very shy. She can’t talk to strangers.
—> She is so ______
—> She is such_____
5. My house is very small. It can not accommodate your family.
—> My house is so _____
—> I have such _________
Đáp án
1. He is so poor that he can’t go to school.
He is such a poor person that he can’t go to school.
2. The candy is so excellent that all children want some more.
It is such excellent candy that all children want some more.
3. He ran so fast that nobody could catch up with him.
He was such a fast runner that nobody could catch up with him.
4. She is so shy that she can’t talk to strangers.
She is such a shy girl that she can’t talk to strangers.
5. My house is so small that it can not accommodate your family.
I have such a small house that it can not accommodate your family.
Bài 10: Hoàn thành câu bằng cách chọn đáp án đúng điền vào chỗ trống
1. My sister is (so/such) … shy that she can’t talk to her girlfriends.
2. Kim ran (so/such) … quickly that the others couldn’t catch up with her.
3. The teacher was (so/such) … tired that she had to dismiss the class.
4. John is (so/such) … a clever boy that he can learn many languages at the same time.
5. Those skirts are (so/such) … expensive that they can never afford them.
6. My father made (so/such) … a serious mistake that it took him years to think about.
7. He has (so/such) … great memories with Jimmy that he will never forget.
8. Lucy was (so/such) … close to winning that she felt disappointed with the loss.
9. (so/such) … fast does the teacher speaks that students can’t understand what she is talking about.
10. It was (so/such) … an expensive tablet that he decided not to buy it.
Đáp án
1. My sister is so shy that she can’t talk to her girlfriends.
2. Kim ran so quickly that the others couldn’t catch up with her.
3. The teacher was so tired that she had to dismiss the class.
4. John is such a clever boy that he can learn many languages at the same time.
5. Those skirts are so expensive that they can never afford them.
6. My father made such a serious mistake that it took him years to think about.
7. He has such great memories with Jimmy that he will never forget.
8. Lucy was so close to winning that she felt disappointed with the loss.
9. So fast does the teacher speaks that students can’t understand what she is talking about.
10. It was such an expensive tablet that he decided not to buy it.
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