Định nghĩa, cấu trúc, ngữ pháp, ví dụ đi kèm và bài tập vận dụng
Rather là một phó từ trong tiếng Anh, mang nghĩa là “khá, hơi, đúng hơn là, phần nào”. Ví dụ:
Ngoài ra, Rather cũng được sử dụng như một tính từ hoặc một từ cảm thán diễn tả sự đồng ý. Tuy nhiên, đây không phải là cách dùng phổ biến của cấu trúc Rather. Ví dụ:
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Các cấu trúc Rather trong tiếng Anh |
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Cấu trúc Rather |
Cách dùng |
Ví dụ |
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Rather + verb |
Dùng cấu trúc Rather này khi muốn nhấn mạnh động từ trong câu, đặc biệt với một số động từ như hope, like, love… Lưu ý: Cấu trúc Rather + like còn có nghĩa khác đó là chỉ một sự tương đồng nào đó. |
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Rather + Adj/ Adv |
Cấu trúc Rather đứng trước tính từ hoặc trạng từ để bổ sung ý nghĩa cho những từ đó. |
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Rather (+ a/ an/ the) + noun |
Dùng cấu trúc Rather này trong văn viết để thể hiện sự trang trọng. |
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Rather + A lot |
Dùng cấu Rather + A lot để chỉ một giá trị hoặc số lượng lớn cái gì đó |
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Or rather |
Cụm từ Or rather” mang nghĩa là “nói đúng ra là”, “nói đúng hơn là” và được dùng trong trường hợp muốn sửa lời nói. |
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Rather than đóng vai trò là giới từ trong câu, có nghĩa là “thay vì”, “hơn là”. Khi ta muốn đưa sự quan trọng của điều gì đó hoặc khi mô tả sở thích hoặc sự so sánh thì sẽ dùng cấu trúc Rather này.
Cấu trúc Rather than:
Rather than + V/ N/ Adj/ Adv/ Phrase …
Vì cấu trúc Rather than đóng vai trò như giới từ nên đằng sau có thể kèm với nhiều từ và cụm từ.
Cấu trúc Would rather có thể dịch là “thích cái gì”, “muốn cái gì”, được dùng ở thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai để diễn tả mong ước và sở thích của ai đó.
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Cấu trúc |
Ví dụ |
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Khẳng định (+) |
S + would rather + V-inf |
Hanna would rather drink milk tea. (Bạn gái tôi thích uống trà sữa.) |
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Phủ định (-) |
S + would rather + not + V-inf |
Hanna would rather not drink milk tea. (Bạn gái tôi không thích uống trà sữa.) |
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Nghi vấn (?) |
Would + S + rather + V-inf? |
Would Hanna rather drink milk tea? (Hanna có thích uống trà sữa hay không?) |
Cấu trúc Would rather nếu được dùng trong thì quá khứ thì để diễn tả sự nuối tiếc về sự việc hay vấn đề gì đó đã xảy ra.
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Cấu trúc |
Ví dụ |
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Khẳng định (+) |
S + would rather + have + V3 |
Martin would rather have said something to her. (Martin đã nên nói gì đó với cô ấy.) |
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Phủ định (-) |
S + would rather + not + have + V3 |
Martin would rather not have said something to her. (Martin đã không nên nói gì với cô ấy.) |
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Nghi vấn (?) |
Would + S + rather + have + V3 |
Would Martin rather have said something to her? (Có phải Martin đã nên nói gì với cô ấy không?) |
Cấu trúc này sử dụng để diễn tả ai đó muốn làm gì hơn làm gì. Cấu trúc Would rather … than/or cụ thể như sau:
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Cấu trúc |
Ví dụ |
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Cấu trúc ở hiện tại |
S + would rather (not) + N / V-inf + than +… |
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Cấu trúc ở quá khứ |
S + would rather (not) + have + VII + than … |
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Cấu trúc Would rather that sử dụng để giả định điều gì đó đối lập với hiện tại hoặc diễn tả mong muốn của ai làm gì hơn ở thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Cấu trúc:
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Cấu trúc |
Ví dụ |
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Khẳng định (+) |
S1 + would rather (that) + S2 + V-ed |
Hanna would rather that John called her tomorrow. (Hanna thích John gọi cô ấy vào ngày mai hơn.) |
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Phủ định (-) |
S1 + would rather (that) + S2 + not + V-ed |
Kathy would rather that it were not summer now. (Kathy không thích bây giờ là mùa hè.) |
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Nghi vấn (?) |
Would + S + rather + S2 + V-ed |
Would Harry rather that it were winter now? (Harry có thích bây giờ là mùa đông hơn không?) |
Cấu trúc Would rather that dùng ở thì quá khứ để thể hiện mong muốn, nuối tiếc hoặc giả định về điều gì đó trong quá khứ. Cấu trúc:
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Cấu trúc |
Ví dụ |
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Khẳng định (+) |
S1 + would rather (that) + S2+ had + V3 |
Jenny would rather that John had gone to the movie theater yesterday. (Jenny muốn John đã đến rạp chiếu phim ngày hôm qua.) |
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Phủ định (-) |
S1 + would rather (that) + S2+ hadn’t + V3 |
Jenny would rather that John had not gone to the movie theater yesterday. (Jenny muốn John đã không đến rạp chiếu phim ngày hôm qua.) |
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Nghi vấn (?) |
Would + S + rather + S2 + had + V3 |
Would Jenny rather that John had gone to the movie theater yesterday? (Có phải Jenny muốn John đã đến rạp chiếu phim ngày hôm qua?) |
Ex 1: Viết lại các câu sau
1. Hanna would like Peter to come over here tonight.
2. Sara prefers to sing rather than rap.
3. Harry wants Anna to stay at home rather than come back.
4. Anna would like John to find the nearest movie theater.
5. This country would face the enemy rather than succumb in the war.
Đáp án:
1. Hanna would rather Peter came over here tonight.
2. Sara would rather sing than rap.
3. Harry would rather Anna stay at home than come back.
4. Anna would rather John found the nearest movie theater.
5. This country would rather face the enemy than succumb to the war.
Ex 2: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. I don’t fancy the theatre again. I’d rather (go/to go/going) to the cinema.
2. I’d rather speak to him in person (to discussing/than discuss/to discuss) things over the phone.
3. If I had a choice I think I’d rather (live in Paris than in London/live in Paris to London/to live in Paris than London) .
4. I would rather you (go/went/had gone) home now.
5. I don’t want to go out. I’d rather (staying/stay/to stay) home.
6. I’d rather go in December (than/that/to) in May.
7. I’d rather come with you (than staying/than stay/to stay) here alone.
8. I’d rather you (stay/to stay/stayed) here with me and the kids.
9. He would rather (save/saves/saving) up than (spend/spends/spending) all his money.
10. Would you rather we (not go/don’t do/didn’t go) out tonight?
Đáp án:
1.go
2.than discuss
3.live in Paris than in London
4.went
5.stay
6.than
7.than stay
8.stayed
9.save/spend
10.didn’t go
Ex 3: Chia động từ trong ngoặc
1. We would rather you (allow) us to stay than (show) where the nearest hotel is.
2. She would rather (make) her own exercises than (use) the ones that are wrongly made.
3. The boy would rather his teacher (give) him a bad mark than (flatter) to her all along.
4. My mother would prefer (send) me to study abroad rather than (waste) my time on inferior education.
5. The students would rather (study) the same thing over and over again than (get) bad marks in their tests.
6. I'd rather come with you (stay) Wrong here alone.
7. I'd rather you (stay) here with me and the kids.
Đáp án
1. allowed - show
2. make - use
3. gave - flatter
4. to send - waste
5. than stay
6. Stayed
Ex 4: Chia dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc
1. I would rather (stay) _________ home tonight
2. Mr. Timmy would rather (stay) _________ home last night
3. We would rather (drink) _________ tea than coffee
4. The photographer would rather that we (stand) _________ closer together than we are standing
5. Camila would rather (cook) _________ for her family
6. She would rather you (not arrive) _________ yesterday
7. Jim would rather his friends (sleep) _________ than worked last night
8. Sam would rather Jill (be) _________ here with her tomorrow
9. I would rather my brother (not fail) _________ the driving test yesterday
10. I would rather that you (invite) _________ her to your party last Sunday
11. I would rather you (stay) __________ in a hostel than in a hotel.
12. I would rather you (find) __________ a job.
13. He would rather (face) ___________ the enemy than surrender.
14. They would rather (build) _____________ a new house than repair the old one.
15. We would rather you (go) _________ to bed now.
16. We would rather you (do) __________ the work yourself.
17. I would rather you (go) _____________ home now.
18. I’d rather (be) ____________ a vampire than a zombie.
19. I’d rather you (tell) __________ the truth.
20. Would you rather we (not go) __________ out tonight?
Đáp án
1. stay
2. had stayed
3. drink
4. stood
5. cook
6. hadn’t arrived
7. had slept
8. be
9. hadn’t failed
10. had invited
11. stayed
12. found
13. face
14. build
15. went
16. did
17. went
18. be
19. told
20. didn’t go
Ex 5: Điền to, than, or và chỗ trống
Đáp án
Ex 6: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. I don’t fancy the theatre again. I’d rather (go/to go/going) to the cinema.
2. I’d rather speak to him in person (to discussing/than discuss/to discuss) things over the phone.
3. If I had a choice I think I’d rather (live in Paris than in London/live in Paris to London/to live in Paris than London).
4. I would rather you (go/went/had gone) home now.
5. I don’t want to go out. I’d rather (staying/stay/to stay) home.
6. I’d rather go in December (than/that/to) in May.
7. I’d rather come with you (than staying/than stay/to stay) here alone.
8. I’d rather you (stay/to stay/stayed) here with me and the kids.
9. He would rather (save/saves/saving) up than (spend/spends/spending) all his money.
10. Would you rather we (not go/don’t do/didn’t go) out tonight?
Đáp án
1. go
2. than discuss
3. live in Paris than in London
4. went
5. stay
6. than
7. than stay
8. stayed
9. save/spend
10. didn’t go
Ex 7: Bài tập viết lại câu với would rather
1.I would like you to come here now.
……………………………………………………………………………
2. I would prefer to travel in July rather than in November.
………………………………………………………………………………..
3.I prefer drinking water rather than eating something.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4.I prefer to dance rather than sing
……………………………………………………………………………
5.I want you to stay at home rather than on a trip
……………………………………………………………………………
6.I would like you to find a job.
……………………………………………………………………………
7.He would face the enemy rather than surrender.
……………………………………………………………………………
8.They would like to buy a new car instead of repairing the old one.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9.We would like you to go bed now.
……………………………………………………………………………
10.We would like you to go with us
……………………………………………………………………………
Đáp án
1. I would rather you came here now.
2. I would rather travel in July than in November.
3. I would rather drink water than eat something.
4. I would rather dance than sing.
5. I would rather you stayed at home than on a trip.
6. I would rather you found a job.
7. He would rather face the enemy than surrender.
8. They would rather buy a new car than repair the old one.
9. We would rather you went to bed now.
10. We would rather you go with us.
Ex 8: Điền to, or, than vào đúng vị trí hợp lý
1. Do you prefer dog . . . cat?
2. Would you rather study online . . . offline?
3. I think I prefer . . . travel to Berlin.
4. She’d rather stay in the library all day . . . go to the bar at night.
5. My mom would rather watch live music . . . listen to it on radio.
Đáp án
1. or
2. than
3. to
4. than
5. than
Ex 9: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. I would rather . . . at my mom’s house tonight.
A. stay B. stayed C. had stayed
2. Perry’d rather . . . to the supermarket last night.
A. go B. went C. had gone
3. I’d rather come with you . . . here alone.
A. than stay B. than staying C. to stay
4. I’d rather go in August . . . in September.
A. than B. that C. to
5. I would rather that you . . . her at our wedding ceremony the other weekend.
A. had invited B. invited C. invite
Đáp án
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. A
Ex 10: Viết lại các câu sau
1. Kathy would like to buy a new car instead of repairing the old one.
2. Sara would prefer to travel there in May rather than in September.
3. Martin prefers drinking milk tea rather than eating something.
4. I would like Hanna to come over to my house right now.
5. Kathy would like Peter to go with his best friends.
Đáp án:
1. Kathy would rather buy a new car than repair the old one.
2. Sara would rather travel there in May than in September.
3. Martin would rather drink milk tea than eat something.
4. I would rather Hanna come over to my house right now.
5. Kathy would rather Peter go with his best friends.
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