Trạng từ quan hệ (Relative adverbs) trong tiếng Anh | Cấu trúc, cách dùng và bài tập chi tiết
Các trạng từ như Where, When, Why được dùng để cung cấp thông tin về người, địa điểm hay hiện tượng được gọi là trạng từ quan hệ.
Chúng có chức năng bổ sung thông tin cho câu tường thuật và nối các mệnh đề để tránh lặp lỗi trong câu.
Chúng có thể kết nối một danh từ hoặc một đại từ với một mệnh đề quan hệ.
Mặc dù trạng từ quan hệ có thể được sử dụng làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong câu, nhưng trạng từ tương đối không thể được sử dụng làm chủ ngữ. Chúng thường thay trạng ngữ chỉ không gian và thời gian nên không dùng được với động từ hoặc tạo thành câu.
E.g:
Trạng từ quan hệ được dùng để nối hai câu hoặc hai mệnh đề lại với nhau. Chức năng của chúng là thay thế danh từ chỉ thời gian, địa điểm, lý do và giới thiệu đề quan hệ theo sau đó
N + relative adverbs
E.g 1:
Cấu trúc sau đây bạn có thể sử dụng khi cần sự trang trọng trong giao tiếp:
N + giới từ (in/on/at) + which
E.g 1:
Trạng từ When dùng để nối hai mệnh đề bổ sung thông tin về thời gian diễn ra hành động với nghĩa là lúc nào, khi nào.
Cấu trúc:
Danh từ (chỉ thời gian) + When + S + Động từ…
E.g:
Trạng từ Where được dùng trong câu mệnh đề quan hệ với ý nghĩa là ở đâu, chỗ nào. Trạng từ này được sử dụng để bổ sung ý nghĩa về địa điểm diễn ra hành động được nhắc đến trong câu.
Cấu trúc:
Danh từ (chỉ nơi chốn) + Where + S + Động từ…
E.g:
Khi muốn cung cấp một thông tin và làm rõ lý do mà hành động, sự việc trong câu xảy ra, bạn có thể liên kết hai câu đơn với trạng từ quan hệ. Ngoài ra, bạn có thể sử dụng “for which” để thay thế cho “why” khi muốn diễn đạt theo cách trang trọng hơn.
Cấu trúc:
Danh từ (chỉ lý do) + Why + S + Động từ…
E.g:
Bài 1: Chọn câu trả lời đúng
1. This is the high school __________ she went to last year.
A. When
B. Where
C. Why
D. Which
2. It was winter _________ Nam went on vacation.
A. Where
B. When
C. Why
D. That
3. Tell the teacher __________ you didn’t get homework completed.
A. Where
B. When
C. Why
D. Who
4. Answer the questions __________ the lecture tells you to.
A. Where
B. When
C. Why
D. What
5. I want to know _________ you didn’t go to the party last night.
A. Where
B. When
C. Why
D. Which
Đáp án: 1-B, 2-B, 3-C, 4-A, 5-C
Bài 2: Viết lại câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ
1. Astronomers will never forget this day. They found a new constellation that day.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. The children often go for picnics on Sundays. They have a lot of free time then.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. He doesn’t know the reason. You didn’t go to the party last night for that reason.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Do you remember the place? We went on holiday there last year.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………….
Đáp án:
1. Astronomers will never forget this day when they found a new constellation.
2. The children often go for picnics on Sundays when they have a lot of free time.
3. He doesn’t know the reason why you didn’t go to the party last night.
4. Do you remember the place where we went last year?
Bài 3: Điền một trong những trạng từ quan hệ “when, where, why" vào ô trống mỗi câu dưới đây.
1. Mr.Gordon works in a small company _______ he has a lot of friendly colleagues.
2. I will telephone and tell you ______ I will arrive at the bus station.
3. The boss asked _______ I wanted to work in his company and I told him I needed money.
4. The time is mentioned on the poster, but I can't see _______ the concert will take place.
5. You should tell the taxi driver _______ you want to go as soon as you get into the car.
6. Have you found an answer _______ the sky is blue?
7. Do you know _______ this photograph was taken? I will find out how old I was then.
8. Who can tell me _______ World War I started and finished?
9. The tourist didn't know _______ to find fishing equipment so I took them to the shop by the harbour.
10. We want to go to a beach _______ we can sunbathe and swim.
11. Parents should seek and find the reasons _______ their children play computer games for long hours.
12. They want to learn the day _______ they will receive their cup for the volleyball championship.
13. Do you know the reason _______ Joseph and Lilly argued yesterday?
14. Is there a good barber shop _______ I can have my hair cut?
15. Can you remember the day ______ Mr. and Mrs.Russell moved to London?
16. I know a wonderful place _______ we can take photographs of beautiful butterflies and flowers.
17. The school director asked _______ the two kids were crying?
Đáp án:
|
1. where |
2. when |
3. why |
4. where |
5. where |
6. why |
|
7. when |
8. when |
9. where |
10. where |
11. why |
12. when |
|
13. why |
14. where |
15. when |
16. where |
17. why |
Bài 4. Chọn ý đúng
1. This is the school __________ I went last year.
A. When
B. Where
C. Why
2. It was summer _________ I went on vacation.
A. Where
B. When
C. Why
3. Tell the teacher __________ you didn’t get it complete.
A. Where
B. When
C. Why
4. Answer the questions __________ the teacher tell you to.
A. Where
B. When
C. Why
5. I want to know _________ you didn’t go to the game last night.
A. Where
B. When
C. Why
Đáp án:
1. B. where
2. B. when
3. C. why
4. A. where
5. C. why
Bài 5: Nối một câu ở cột A với một câu ở cột B sao cho phù hợp.
|
A |
B |
|
1. The scientists will search the reasons (.......) 2. I was the happiest man in the world (.......) 3. This is the best restaurant in the town (.......) 4. It was the most difficult day for me (.......) 5. Samuel really doesn't know a book shop (.......) 6. His parents want to know (.......) 7. He is looking for a nice hotel (.......) 8. The firemen are trying to find (.......) |
a. where you can taste traditional dishes. b. when I had a surgical operation last summer. c. why people catch the flu so easily d. where he can stay for two weeks. e. when I had a baby girl two years ago. f. why the house burnt down so quickly. g. where he can find a book about pyramids. h. why he failed in the Science exam. |
Đáp án: 1-c, 2-e, 3-a, 4-b, 5-g, 6-h, 7-d, 8-f
Bài 6: Chuyển đổi câu có trạng từ chỉ quan hệ sang câu mới với cấu trúc “N + giới từ + which”
1. This is the time when we first met.
2. The day when we had our graduation ceremony was memorable.
3. Monday is the day when I have my piano lesson.
4. This is the place where we had our wedding.
5. The town where I grew up is small.
6. The street where they live is quiet.
7. The classroom where we have English class is air-conditioned.
8. This is the reason why they canceled the event.
9. I don’t know the reason why she left early.
10. He didn’t explain the reason why he was late.
Đáp án:
1. This is the time at which we first met.
2. The day on which we had our graduation ceremony was memorable.
3. Monday is the day on which I have my piano lesson.
4. This is the place at which we had our wedding.
5. The town in which I grew up is small.
6. The street on which they live is quiet.
7. The classroom in which we have English class is air-conditioned.
8. This is the reason for which they canceled the event.
9. I don’t know the reason for which she left early.
10. He didn’t explain the reason for which he was late.
Bài 7: Sử dụng trạng từ quan hệ và viết lại câu
1. I woke up. The sun was rising.
2. She closed the door. The rain started pouring.
3. He turned on the TV. The news started.
4. They left the office. The clock struck five.
5. He works in a company. It is known for its innovative products.
6. She lives in a village. It is surrounded by mountains.
7. They stayed at a resort. It is located on a beautiful island.
8. That’s the reason. She didn’t come to the party.
9. I can’t understand. He is always late.
10. The hotel is located near the airport. We stayed there during our trip.
Đáp án:
1. I woke up when the sun was rising.
2. She closed the door when the rain started pouring.
3. He turned on the TV when the news started.
4. They left the office when the clock struck five.
5. He works in a company where it is known for its innovative products.
6. She lives in a village where it is surrounded by mountains.
7. They stayed at a resort where it is located on a beautiful island.
8. That’s the reason why she didn’t come to the party.
9. I can’t understand why he is always late.
10. The hotel is located near the airport where we stayed during our trip.
Bài 8: Hoàn thành câu với relative adverb “where”, “when” hoặc “why”
1. This is the restaurant _______________ we had our first date.
2. Can you tell me the reason _______________ he didn’t come to the party?
3. I will meet you at the park _______________ we often play soccer.
4. The movie will start at 7 PM, _______________ most people are available.
5. We went to the beach _______________the weather was sunny.
6. This is the hotel _______________ we stayed during our vacation.
7. He is working at the company _______________ he interned last summer.
8. The restaurant _______________ we had dinner last night was fantastic.
9. The park _______________ we often play soccer is nearby.
10. She doesn’t understand _______________ he is upset.
Đáp án:
1. where
2. why
3. where
4. when
5. where
6. where
7. where
8. where
9. where
10. why
Bài 9: Viết lại câu sử dụng từ cho sẵn
1. I want to know the reason. You didn’t go to work this morning for that reason.
2. This is Jane’s new house. We celebrated her wedding anniversary here.
3. We often go on holidays in the summer. We are given some days off.
4. Mothers will never forget the day. Their children are born on that day.
5. Do you remember the restaurant? We held Mom’s birthday there.
6. She remembers the day. She first met him on that day.
7. I understand the reason. You called off your wedding for that reason.
8. This is the house. Many paranormal events happened there.
9. It was John’s birthday. He proposed to Mary on that day.
10. Do you remember the house? We used to live there for 3 years.
Đáp án:
1. I want to know why you didn’t go to work this morning.
2. This is Jane’s new house, where we celebrated her wedding anniversary.
3. We often go on holidays in the summer when we are given some days off.
4. Mothers will never forget the day when their children are born.
5. Do you remember the restaurant where we held Mom’s birthday?
6. She remembers the day when she first met him.
7. I understand the reason why you called off your wedding.
8. This is the house where many paranormal events happened.
9. It was John’s birthday when he proposed to Mary.
10. Do you remember the house where we used to live for 3 years?
Bài 10: Chọn trạng từ quan hệ where, when hoặc why để điền vào chỗ trống.
1. The boss wanted to know _________ Cassandra’s reports were late again.
2. Working in a department store is _________ he first learned how to be a supervisor.
3. The day _________ you saw me I was under the weather.
4. My parents want to travel to travel to a place _________ it is warm and sunny.
5. I will tell you as soon as I find out _________ the workshop is scheduled.
6. The academy _________ I study music isn’t far from your house.
7. The library is a place _________ you can borrow books.
8. We will phone you _________ we arrive at the train station.
9. The interviewer asked _________ he was interested in working as a sales manager.
10. Carol didn’t understand _________ the cake she baked didn’t rise.
Đáp án:
1. why
2. when
3. when
4. where
5. when
6. where
7. where
8. when
9. why
10. why
Bài 11: Nối mệnh đề ở mục A với mệnh đề quan hệ ở mục B để tạo thành câu hoàn chỉnh.
| A | B |
|
1. They want to know the day 2. Victoria really doesn’t know a book shop 3. The scientists will search the reasons 4. This is the most famous restaurant in the town 5. Sarah was over the moon 6. The police are trying to find 7. Parents should find the reasons 8. It was the most difficult day for me 9. The school director asked 10. He is looking for a nice apartment |
a. why people catch flu so easily. b. where we try authentic dishes. c. why the burglars broke into the building. d. when I had a surgical operation last summer. e. when they will receive their cup for the volleyball championship. f. why their children play computer games for long hours. g. where he can stay for a month. h. why the two students were crying. i. when she gave birth to a baby girl last month. j. where he can find a book about psychology. |
Đáp án:
|
1. e 2. j 3. a 4. b 5. i |
6. c 7. f 8. d 9. h 10. g |
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