While là gì? | Cấu trúc - Cách dùng - Phân biệt cấu trúc While với When và Whilst trong tiếng Anh - Bài tập vận dụng

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While là gì? | Cấu trúc - Cách - Phân biệt cấu trúc While với When và Whilst trong tiếng Anh - Bài tập vận dụng

Cấu trúc While là gì? 

Cấu trúc While được sử dụng trong câu sẽ mang nghĩa là “trong khi”, khi có 2 sự việc, hành động xảy ra cùng lúc, cùng thời điểm. Để có thể hình dung rõ hơn cấu trúc này, chúng ta hãy cùng xem qua các ví dụ sau đây:

  • While my mom is cooking a meal, I am doing my homework. (Trong khi mẹ tôi đang nấu một bữa ăn, tôi đang làm bài tập về nhà.)
  • While my husband was fixing the fan, I was eating fruit. (Trong khi chồng tôi đang sửa quạt thì tôi đang ngồi ăn hoa quả.)

Cách dùng cấu trúc While trong tiếng Anh

Có hai vị trí trong câu mà cấu trúc While mà các bạn cần biết và được áp dụng trong đời sống hàng ngày. Chúng ta hãy cùng xem trong bảng dưới đây để biết công thức để sử dụng While trong câu và các ví dụ cụ thể nhé nhé.

Vị trí của While Công thức cấu trúc While Ví dụ
While đứng đầu câu While S + V, S + V While he is dancing, she is reading the newspaper. (Trong khi anh ấy đang khiêu vũ, cô ấy đang đọc báo.)
While đứng giữa câu để nối 2 mệnh đề S + V while S + V 

He met my mother while I was studying at school.

(Anh ấy gặp mẹ tôi khi tôi đang học ở trường.)

Phân biệt cấu trúc While với When và Whilst

1. Phân biệt cấu trúc While với cấu trúc When

Có một số điểm cần phân biệt giữa While cấu trúc và When vì vẫn có một số học viên nhầm lẫn giữa hai cấu trúc này. Chúng ta cùng theo dõi bảng dưới đây nhé. 

 
Yếu tố tạo nên sự khác nhau Cấu trúc While  Cấu trúc When
Điểm chung Đều được sử dụng để miêu tả về 2 hành động xảy ra trong một thời điểm. 
Cách dùng Cấu trúc của While thường được dùng để nói về những hành động xảy ra liên tiếp, có thể diễn ra trong 1 khoảng thời gian khá lâu, sử dụng ở thì tiếp diễn. Cấu trúc When thường được sử dụng để nói về một hành động đơn lẻ, xảy ra trong thời gian rất ngắn, thường chia ở thì quá khứ đơn hoặc hiện tại đơn.
Ví dụ
  • He was playing games while I was studying. 

(Anh ấy đã chơi game trong khi tôi học)

  • I didn't eat anything sour while I was pregnant. 

(Tôi đã không ăn thứ gì chua trong suốt thời gian tôi mang thai)

  • He was shocked when I told him about Lily’s marriage.

(Anh ấy đã sốc khi nghe tin tôi kể về đám cưới của Lily)

  • You should be careful when yawning. 

(Bạn nên cẩn thận mỗi khi ngáp).

2. Phân biệt cấu trúc While và cấu trúc Whilst

Tiếp theo chúng ta đến với phần phân biệt sự giống và khác nhau của cấu trúc While và cấu trúc Whilst nhằm giúp các bạn có sự áp dụng rõ ràng hơn 2 loại từ này. 

  Cấu trúc While Cấu trúc Whilst
Giống nhau

While và Whilst khi đóng vai trò là liên từ trong câu hoặc trạng từ quan hệ thì sẽ mang nghĩa giống nhau và có thể thay thế cho nhau.

Ví dụ: Alex felt so bored whilst/while Sam was away for school. (Alex cảm thấy rất buồn chán trong khi Sam đi học xa.)

Khác nhau

While được sử dụng phổ biến hơn whilst.

While mang tính chất đời thường và được sử dụng hàng ngày..

Ví dụ: Would you like something to drink while we’re waiting?

Tuy nhiên trong văn Viết, cấu trúc Whilst sẽ tăng phần trang trọng cho câu nói hơn.

Ví dụ: Whilst I appreciate your help, I want to do this by myself. (Tôi cảm kích sự giúp đỡ của bạn, nhưng tôi muốn làm việc này một mình.)

Bài tập vận dụng cấu trúc While có đáp án chi tiết

Bài tập 1: Điền vào chỗ trống từ “While” hoặc “When” 

1. I often ate chocolate, ……..I was a child.

2. We saw the first signs of summer,.......................we were driving down the road.

3. We first met each other……….we were staying in Korea. 

4. …………… Alex got up yesterday, the rain was falling. 

5. I will text you…………….I get home. 

Đáp án: 

1. when

2. while

3. while

4. when

5. when

Bài tập 2: Hoàn thành câu với liên từ when hoặc while

1. I was having lunch __________ he arrived.

2. __________ I heard the doorbell, I went to the door.

3. __________ Jenny was washing her hair, I did my homework.

4. __________ I buy the cake, you can go to the butcher’s.

5. I was at the supermarket __________ I met Jo.

6. The customer was being helped by the salesman __________ the thief came into the store.

7. __________ you saw Keith, was he with Tom?

8. I was in the store __________ someone stole my bag.

9. I hurt my back __________ I tried to lift the guitar.

10. __________ we were standing outside the hospital, someone picked up my pocket.

11. __________ Mrs Scott came back to the hotel, she called the elevator.

12. I was cooking the meal __________ the phone rang.

13. The children slept__________ I cooked dinner.

14. We were having dinner __________ someone stole the car.

15. I often ate cake__________ I was a child.

16. We first met each other__________ we were staying in Korea.

17. My dad watched TV__________ I washed clothes.

18. She called him__________ He was going to the cinema.

19. __________ Mary got up, the rain was falling.

20. We saw the first signs of summer__________ we were driving down the street.

21. I will text you__________ I get home.

Đáp án:

1. when

2. When

3. While

4. While

5. when

6. when

7. When

8. when

9. when

10. While

11. When

12. when

13. while

14. when

15. when

16. while

17. while

18. while

19. when

20. while

21. when

Bài tập 3: Chọn từ đúng điền vào câu

1. I saw her while/when I was on my way home.

2. While/when he was young, he used to smoke.

3. Tom had a terrible accident while/when he was a child.

4. While/when Mary was taking a bath, the phone rang.

5. While/when we lived in Korea, we met many interesting people.

6. Where are my friends while/when I most need them?

7. While/when I was driving, I listened to a radio program.

8. Who did you meet while/when you arrived at the party?

9. While/when I was speaking, they were thinking of something else.

10. I had many problems while/when I was a teenager

Đáp án:

1. while

2. When

3. When

4. While

5. When

6. when

7. While

8. when

9. While

10. when

Bài tập 4: Chia động từ đúng để hoàn thành câu

1. When I (study) _________ hard, my crowd (pass) _______ by to visit me.

2. When Jane (do) ________a language course in English, she (visit)________ the USA.

3. Happily, when we (get up) _________ yesterday, the rain (not, fall) _________.

4. While Jenny (play) ________ the guitar, her boyfriend (walk) ________ the dog.

5. While we (jog) _______ in the park, we (see) ________ the first signs of winter.

6. While my sister is cooking, my grandfather (read) ________ a newspaper.

Đáp án:

1. was studying/passed

2. was doing/visited

3. got up/wasn’t falling

4. was playing/was walking

5. were jogging/saw

6. is reading

Bài tập 5: Viết lại câu đã cho, sử dụng when hoặc while

1. I was making dinner. My brother was watching television.

2. We were watching a movie. A friend came over.

3. We were watching the movie. We were laughing.

4. The movie ended. I turned off the TV.

5. I was talking on the phone. My friend was reading a newspaper.

6. My friend stood up to leave. It was midnight.

7. He touched the door knob. We heard a thud on the roof.

Đáp án:

1. While I was making dinner, my brother was watching television.

2. We were watching the movie when a friend came over.

3. While we were watching the movie, we were laughing.

4. When the movie ended, I turned off the TV.

5. While I was talking on the phone, my friend was reading a newspaper.

6. My friend stood up to leave when it was midnight.

7. When he touched the doorknob, we heard a thud on the roof.

Bài tập 6: Chọn câu trả lời đúng

1. I saw him while/when I was on my way home

2. While/when he was young, he used to smoke a lot

3. George had a terrible accident while/when he was a child

4. While/when Jane was taking a bath, the phone rang three times

5. While/when we lived in London, we met many interesting people

6. Where are my friends while/when I most need them?

7. While/when  I was driving, I listened to a very interesting radio program.

8. Who did you meet while/when you arrived at the party?

9. While/when I was speaking, they were thinking of something else!

10. I had many problems while/when I was a teenager

Đáp án:

1. while

2. When

3. When

4. While

5. When

6. when

7. While

8. when

9. While

10. when

Bài tập 7: Chọn từ phù hợp Whilst hoặc While để hoàn thành các câu sau:

1. _____ I was studying for the exam, my friends were having a party.

2. The teacher explained the lesson _____ the students took notes.

3. _____ you were shopping, I waited for you at the cafe.

4. _____ the rain was pouring, we decided to stay home and watch a movie.

5. I haven’t seen you in a _____. How have you been?

6. ________ I was waiting for the doctor, I read a magazine.

7. She was talking on the phone ________ she was driving. 

8. ________ I enjoy watching movies, I prefer reading books.

9. The children were playing outside ________ their parents were watching TV.

10. Let’s spend a _____ relaxing on the beach.

Đáp án:

1. Whilst / while 

2. While (liên từ đứng ở giữa câu, thường dùng while hơn whilst)

3. Whilst / while

4. Whilst / while 

5. while (vị trí cần điền là danh từ, whilst không được sử dụng như danh từ)

6. Whistle / while

7. while (liên từ đứng ở giữa câu, thường dùng while hơn whilst)

8. Whistle / while

9. while (liên từ đứng ở giữa câu, thường dùng while hơn whilst)

10. while (vị trí cần điền là danh từ, whilst không được sử dụng như danh từ)

Bài tập 8: Hoàn thành câu với When hoặc While.

1. The students were taking their final exams ……………… the fire alarm suddenly went off.

2. ……………… she was studying abroad, she learned to speak fluent French.

3. He was listening to music ……………… he was doing his workout at the gym.

4. ……………… the guests were arriving, she was still getting dressed.

5. We were driving through the countryside ……………… we spotted a deer crossing the road.

6. ……………… he was working on his laptop, his phone rang.

7. The children were playing outside ……………… their parents were preparing dinner.

8. ……………… the team was celebrating their victory, their coach was planning the next match strategy.

9. She slipped and fell ……………… she was running to catch the bus.

10. ……………… they were waiting at the airport, their flight got delayed.

Đáp án:

1. when

2. While

3. while

4. While

5. when

6. While

7. while

8. While

9. when

10. While

Bài tập 9: Chia động từ trong ngoặc.

1. While I ……………… (wait) for the bus, I saw my friend across the street.

2. She ……………… (cook) dinner when the power suddenly went out.

3. They ……………… (play) soccer when it started raining heavily.

4. While the children ……………… (play) outside, their parents were having a meeting.

5. He ……………… (read) a book when his phone ……………… (ring).

6. While they ……………… (watch) a movie, the doorbell ……………… (ring).

7. The cat ……………… (sleep) peacefully when the dog ……………… (bark) loudly.

8. While she ……………… (study) for her exam, her brother ……………… (listen) to music.

9. They ……………… (decorate) the house when they ……………… (realize) they were out of paint.

10. While I ……………… (walk) home, I ……………… (meet) an old friend.

Đáp án:

1. was waiting

2. was cooking

3. were playing

4. were playing

5. was reading, rang

6. were watching, rang

7. was sleeping, was barking

8. was studying, was listening

9. were decorating, realized

10. was walking, met

Bài tập 10: Hoàn thành các câu với “while” hoặc “when” để thể hiện mối quan hệ thời gian chính xác:

1. I fell asleep ____________ I was reading a book. (while/when)

2. ____________ he was playing video games, his sister was doing her homework. (While/When)

3. My dog always barks ____________ someone is at the door. (while/when)

4. went to the park ____________ the sun was shining. (while/when)

5. ____________ I was walking to work, I saw my friend. (While/When)

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