Các thì quá khứ trong tiếng Anh | Quá khứ đơn, quá khứ tiếp diễn, quá khứ hoàn thành | Khái niệm, cấu trúc, cách dùng và bài tập vận dụng
Thì quá khứ đơn – Past simple tense diễn tả một hành động, sự việc diễn ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ. Thì quá khứ đơn là một trong 12 thì trong tiếng anh
Công thúc thì quá khứ đơn được chia thành 3 dạng: Khẳng định, Phủ định, Nghi Vấn:
| Khẳng Định |
S +V-ed + … I/He/She/It + Was +… We/You/They + Were +… |
| Phủ Định |
S + did not (didn’t) + V nguyên mẫu + … I/He/She/It + was not (wasn’t) +… We/You/They + were not (weren’t) +… |
| Nghi Vấn |
Did + S + V nguyên bản + … ? Was (wasn’t) + I/He/She/It + …? Were (weren’t) +We/You/They +…? |
Diễn tả một hành động, sự việc đã diễn ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể, hoặc một khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ và đã kết thúc hoàn toàn ở quá khứ
Diễn tả một hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong quá khứ
Diễn đạt các hành động xảy ra liên tiếp trong quá khứ
Diễn tả một hành động xen vào một hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ
Dùng trong câu điều kiện loại II
Dùng trong câu ước không có thật
Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn dùng để diễn tả một hành động, sự việc đang diễn ra xung quanh một thời điểm trong quá khứ.
Dưới đây là công thức thì quá khứ tiếp diễn được chia thành 3 dạng: khẳng định, nghi vấn và câu hỏi
| Khẳng Định | S + was/were + V-ing |
| Phủ Định | S +was/were + not + V-ing |
| Nghi Vấn | Was/were + S + V-ing ? |
Trong câu có các trạng từ chỉ thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
Trong câu xuất hiện các liên từ như when/ while/ and
Diễn tả những thói quen trong quá khứ đến nay không còn nữa
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
Công thức thì quá khứ hoàn thành
| Khẳng Định | S + had + V3 |
| Phủ Định | S + had not (hadn’t) + V3 |
| Nghi Vấn | (Wh-) + had + S + V3 |
Lưu ý: Để có thể chia động từ V3 một cách chính xác. Bạn nên thuộc bảng động từ bất quy tắc để quá trình làm bài được dễ dàng hơn.
Khi trong xuất hiện giới từ và liên từ như:
Ex 1: Chia động từ ở các câu sau đây.
1. They (go) ……………..home after they (finish) ………………… their work.
2. She said that she (already, see) ……………………. Dr. Rice.
3. After taking a bath, he (go) ………………………….. to bed.
4. He told me he (not/eat) ………………………… such kind of food before.
5. When he came to the stadium, the match (already/ begin) ………………………………….
6. Before she (watch) ………………….. TV, she (do) ………………. homework.
7. What (do) …………….. he before he went to the airport?
8. After they (go) ………………………, I (sit) ……………….. down and (watch)…………..TV
9. Yesterday, John (go) ………………….. to the store before he (go) ………………… home.
10. She (win) ………………………. the gold medal in 1986.
Đáp án:
1. went, had finished
2. had already seen
3. went
4. hadn’t eaten
5. had already begun
6. watched, had done
7. had he done
8. had gone, sat, watched
9. had gone, went
10. won
Ex 2: Viết lại câu dựa vào những từ cho sẵn.
1. David had gone home before we arrived.
=> After…………………………………………………………………………………….
2. We had lunch then we took a look around the shops.
=> Before……………………………………………………………………………………
3. The light had gone out before we got out of the office.
=> When…………………………………………………………………………………….
4. After she had explained everything clearly, we started our work.
=> By the time …………………………………………………………………………….
5. My father had watered all the plants in the garden by the time my mother came home.
=> Before………………………………………………………………………………….
Đáp án:
1.After David had gone home, we arrived.
2.Before we took a look around the shops, we had had lunch.
3. When we got out of the office, the light had gone out.
4. By the time we started our work, she had explained everything clearly.
5. Before my mother came home, my father had watered all the plants in the garden.
Ex 3: Mỗi câu sau chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.
1. Before they came to visit my grandparents, I have already cleaned the house.
2. After Jimmy had gone home, I was doing the shopping.
3. She had come to the cinema before I do.
4. When they arrived, John goes away.
5. I had prepared for the exam and am ready to do well.
Đáp án:
1. have => had
2. was doing => did
3. do => did
4. goes => had gone
5. am => was
Ex 4. Chia động từ trong ngoặc theo dạng đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau đây.
1. He (not/walk) _______ in the park when the murder happened.
2. She (not/work) ____ in his study when the murder happened.
3. My mom (not/talk) ______ to her when the murder happened.
4. You (not/play) ____ cards when the murder happened.
5. My teacher (not/read) _______ in his room when the murder happened.
6. They (not/eat) _______ in the dining room when the murder happened.
7. Mrs. Lan (not/drink) _____ coffee in the office when the murder happened.
8. The maid (not/clean) _____ the room when the murder happened.
9. I (not/listen) _____ to music when the murder happened.
10. The cat (not/play) ______ outside when the murder happened.
Đáp án:
1. wasn't walking
2. wasn't working
3. wasn't talking
4. weren't playing
5. wasn't reading
6. weren't eating
7. wasn't drinking
8. wasn't cleaning
9. wasn't listening
10. weren't playing
Ex 5. Điền vào ô trống dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc
1. By the time they came, we __________ (wait) for hours.
2. If Ross __________ (study) harder, he would have passed the exam.
3. I wish I __________ (know) about that book earlier.
4. If it __________ (rain) tomorrow, we won't go to the park.
5. He asked me if I __________ (want) to travel abroad.
6. Rachael was going to the mall when Joey__________(see) her yesterday.
7. We had to catch a taxi because the bus __________ (arrive) late.
8. By this time next year, I __________ (graduate) from university.
9. I __________ (work) here since 2010.
10. He__________ (wait) for you all day.
Đáp án:
1. had been waiting
2. had studied
3. had known
4. rains
5. wanted
6. saw
7. arrived
8. will have graduated
9. have been working
10. has waited
Ex 6. Chọn đáp án chính xác nhất cho từng câu sau
1. If I _______ her, I will say hello.
A. see
B. saw
C. have seen
D. will see
2. They _______ the project yet.
A. started
B. starts
C. haven’t start
D. didn’t start
3. When I last saw him, he_______ in Paris.
A. stayed
B. was staying
C. stays
D. had stayed
4. I realized that my purse_______.
A. stolen
B. was stolen
C. steal
D. had been stolen
5. The roof _______ at the moment so be careful.
A. is repairing
B. is being repaired
C. was repaired
D. repaired
6. Gwen_______ a better job in the company last week
A. gives
B. gave
C. was given
D. will be given
7. Lunch_______ before I arrived.
A. had been cooked
B. cooked
C. is cooked
D. will have been cooked
8. That tall building_______ by many people in the future.
A. will be visited
B. are visited
C. was visited
D. will visit
9. We _______ each other since last year.
A. saw
B. haven’t seen
C. see
D. will see
10. They_______ the assignment before the deadline from last week.
A. had finished
B. finished
C. finish
D. were finished
Đáp án:
1, A
2, C
3, B
4, D
5,B
6, C
7, A
8, A
9, B
10, A
Ex 7. Tìm và sửa lỗi sai trong các câu sau
1. I have been studying Spanish since five years.
2. He goes to the pool every week, but last week he doesn't go.
3. By the time Monica arrived, we were waiting for two hours.
4. They will have finish their assignment by tomorrow.
5. Yesterday, I saw Ross while he walks in the park.
6. She has been living in Paris for two years ago.
7. They will go to the concert last night.
8. We are studying for the examination yesterday.
9. By the time he arrived, they already leave.
10. He asked me if I have seen the movie.
Đáp án:
1. since => for
2. doesn’t go => didn’t go
3. were waiting => had been waiting
4. will have finish => will have finished
5. walks => was walking
6. two years ago => two years
7. will go => went
8. are studying => studied
9. already leave => had already left
10. have seen => had seen
Ex 8. Điền vào ô trống dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc
1. She __________ (play) tennis every Sunday.
2. They __________ (visit) their grandparents last week.
3. I __________ (watch) a movie next weekend
4. He __________ (study) Spanish at the moment.
5. We __________ (have) lunch when they arrived.
6. __________ you __________ (visit) your parents next month?
7. I __________ (not finish) my homework yet.
8. They __________ (go) to the beach tomorrow.
9. When I arrived, he __________ (wait) for me.
10. __________ she __________ (go) to the party last night?
Đáp án:
1. plays
2. visited
3. will watch
4. is studying
5. were having
6. Will-visit
7. haven't finished
8. will go
9. had been waiting
10. Did-go
Ex 9. Chọn đáp án chính xác nhất cho từng câu sau
1. She _____ to Nha Trang every summer.
A. goes
B. went
C. will go
D. is going
2. We _______ to her house last night.
A. go
B. went
C. will go
D. are going
3. I _______ English for two years.
A. am studying
B. studied
C. will study
D. have studied
4. _____ they go to the show last night?
A. Did
B. Do
C. Will
D. Are
5. We _______ to the zoo tomorrow.
A. go
B. went
C. will go
D. are going
6. Tom has been selling cars ________.
A. three years ago
B. since three years
C. for three years ago
D. for three years
7. Mary __________ badminton twice a week.
A. plays
B. have played
C. is playing
D. played
8. He__________ breakfast this morning.
A. haven’t eaten
B. didn’t eat
C. doesn’t eat
D. will eat
9. Alex __________ for the examination now.
A. studies
B. studied
C. is studying
D. will study
10. _____ you ever been to Portugal?
A. Do
B. Did
C. Will
D. Have
Đáp án:
1, A
2, B
3, D
4, A
5, C
6, D
7, A
8, B
9, C
10, D
Ex 10. Chọn từ trong bảng và chia đúng dạng của động từ vào chỗ trống
| work | play | have | invite | watch | wash | rain | visit | like | do |
1.He_______ 7 days a week.
2. They__________ me to their party yesterday.
3. I wake up early and__________a shower.
4. The children__________ games in the living room at the moment.
5. Sarah __________ the dishes now.
6. Look! It’s__________.
7. Laura __________ coffee.
8. Alex usually __________ movies at the cinema.
9. I __________ my homework tomorrow.
10. They__________ their grandparent every summer.
Đáp án:
1. works
2. invited
3. had
4. are playing
5. is washing
6. raining
7. likes
8. watches
9. will do
10. visit
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