Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Past perfect continuous tense) | Định nghĩa, cấu trúc, cách dùng, dấu hiệu nhận biết - Bài tập vận dụng
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Past perfect continuous tense) trong tiếng Anh lại diễn tả hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ, kéo dài trong quá khứ và cũng đã kết thúc tại 1 thời điểm trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ cụ thể về thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn:
| Khẳng định | Phủ định | Nghi vấn | |
| Công thức | S + had + been + V-ing | S + hadn't + been + V-ing |
Câu hỏi: Had + S + been + V-ing? Trả lời: Yes, S + had
|
| Ví dụ |
I had been working at a multinational company for five years before I went abroad Her eyes were red because she had been crying a lot |
My father hadn’t been doing anything when my mother came home They hadn’t been talking to each other when we saw them |
Had your father been doing anything when your mother came home? Had you been working at a multinational company for five years before you went abroad? |
Lưu ý:
Bạn có thể dễ dàng nhận biết được thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn khi trong câu có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian như
Có 6 cách dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn, cụ thể như sau:
1. Diễn tả 1 hành động được xảy ra kéo dài liên tục trước 1 hành động/ thời điểm khác trong quá khứ
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn dùng để diễn tả 1 hành động được xảy ra kéo dài liên tục trước 1 hành động/ thời điểm khác trong quá khứ (nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động). Ví dụ với bài IELTS Speaking "Describe your family member".
=> Hành động "làm việc" của bố tôi đã kéo dài liên tục trước khi nghỉ hưu
2. Diễn tả hành động này là kết quả của một điều gì đó trong quá khứ
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn dùng để nhấn mạnh hành động kết quả để lại trong quá khứ (nhấn mạnh mối quan hệ nguyên nhân - kết quả). Ví dụ:
=> Nghĩa là hành động "tăng cân" đã xảy ra trong quá khứ do hậu quả của việc "ăn quá nhiều".
3. Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra kéo dài liên tục trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ:
4. Diễn tả hành động xảy ra để chuẩn bị cho một hành động khác
Ví dụ:
5. Nhấn mạnh hành động để lại kết quả trong quá khứ
Ví dụ:
6. Sử dụng trong câu điều kiện loại 3
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được sử dụng trong câu điều kiện loại 3 để diễn tả 1 điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ Ví dụ:
Bài 1: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất
1. Prior to his inauguration (inauguration: lễ nhậm chức), he ______his speech with great vigor.
A. Prepare B. was preparing C. had prepared D. had been preparing
2. We _____ TV when there was a sudden knock on the door.
A. Had watched B. were watching C. had been watching D. B or C
3. She _________ her job applications to several corporations _____ being taken on by Target.
A. Had sent - after B. had been sending - before C. was sending-when
4. _____, the people of London had been living without the fear of cholera for years.
A. After that B. Until then C. At that point D. B or C
5. They _____ everyone they know in panic for three hours by the time their daughter came home.
A. Had called B. called C. had been calling D. A or C
Đáp án:
1. D
2. D
3. B
4. D
5. C
Bài 2: Sử dụng dạng đúng của động từ để hoàn thành các câu sau
1. He was tired. He ___________(run) all day.
2. Philosophers___________(debate) about free will for centuries prior to Libet’s experiment.
3. She___________(wait) for half an hour when her boyfriend showed up.
4. She___________(leave) me waiting so when she showed up I was ticked off.
5. The man broke down in tears after learning that his mother___________(live) in such conditions for years.
Đáp án:
1 - had been running;
2 - Had debated;
3 - Had been waiting;
4 - left;
5 - Had been living
Bài 3: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
1. When we arrived the film __________________ (start).
2. She ____________________ (work) in that company for twenty years when she was made redundant.
3. I felt ill because I ________________________ (drink) six cups of coffee.
4. I ______________________ (study) all day, so I was tired.
5. How long ___________________ (you / live) in London when your daughter was born?
6. When I arrived at the airport I realised I _____________ (forget) my passport.
7. I __________________ (break) my ankle, so I couldn’t go skiing last year.
8. She ____________________ (study) English for three years when she took the exam.
9. I ____________________ (run), so I was hot and tired.
10. I didn’t go to the class because I _______________ (not / do) my homework.
Đáp án:
1. had started
2. had been working
3. had drunk
4. had been studying
5. had been living
6. had forgotten
7. had broken
8. had been studying
9. had been running
10. hadn’t done
Bài 4: Lựa chọn phương án đúng để điền vào chỗ trống
1. I love this writer’s books. I (have been reading / had been reading) them for years.
2. His clothes were dirty because he (has been working / had been working) in the garden.
3. Where have you been? We (had been waiting / have been waiting) for you for ages.
4. He hasn’t decided on a career yet, but he (has been thinking / had been thinking) about it lately.
5. After she (has been playing / had been playing) the violin for ten years, she joined an orchestra.
Đáp án:
1. have been reading
2. had been working
3. have been waiting
4. has been thinking
5. had been playing
Bài 5: Hoàn thành câu bằng cách chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở thì Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn hoặc Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
1. Mike has never had an accident and he ………………………………… (drive) for years.
2. She had no idea it was so late because she ………………………………… (not / watch) the time.
3. “ ………………………………… (you / take) your medicine regularly, Mrs Smith?” “Yes, doctor.”
4. They eventually found the dog after they ………………………………… (look) for it all night.
5. How long ………………………………… your father ………………………………… (work) for the company when he retired?
Đáp án:
1. has been driving
2. hadn’t been watching
3. Have you been taking
4. had been looking
5. had … been working
Bài 6: Hoàn thành câu với các cụm từ thích hợp
by tomorrow, so far, the week before, since
1. Our TV hasn’t been working …………………….. last week.
2. The Browns invited us to dinner although we had only met …………………….. .
3. They will have finished painting the house …………………….. .
4. We had been writing …………………….. nearly an hour when the bell rang.
5. They have interviewed three suspects …………………….. .
Đáp án:
1. since
2. the week before
3. by tomorrow
4. for
5. so far
Bài 7: Tìm lỗi sai và sửa lỗi ở những câu sau
1. Jane has lost weight. She had been dieting for months now.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Everything was white when we woke up because it has been snowing all night.
………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I was so happy when he asked me to marry him. I have been loving him for years.
………………………………………………………………………………
4. That man is making me nervous. He has stared at me all evening.
…………………………………………………………………………………
5. Hurry up, or they have sold all the tickets by the time we get there.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Đáp án:
1. Jane has lost weight. She has been dieting for months now.
2. Everything was white when we woke up because it had been snowing all night.
3. I was so happy when he asked me to marry him. I have loved him for years.
4. That man is making me nervous. He has been staring at me all evening.
5. Hurry up, or they will have sold all the tickets by the time we get there.
Bài 8: Lựa chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành câu
1. Don’t come before seven. I …………………….. my homework.
a. haven’t finished b. won’t have finished c. hadn’t finished
2. She loves animals. She …………………….. a dog for as long as she can remember.
a. has had b. had had c. will have had
3. Jack wanted to know why Sally …………………….. to him yet.
a. hasn’t written b. hasn’t been writing c. hadn’t written
4. We …………………….. him, so we were very surprised to see him.
a. haven’t been expecting b. haven’t expected c. hadn’t been expecting
5. His playing has improved because he …………………….. all month.
a. will have practised b. has been practising c. had practised
Đáp án:
1 – b ; 2 – a ; 3 – c ; 4 – c ; 5 – b
Bài 9: Điền dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc vào câu sau
1. When I met him, he (talk) __________ on the phone for hours.
2. Before the accident happened, the driver (drive) __________ without a break.
3. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone (dance) __________ all night.
4. She couldn’t walk properly because she (wear) __________ high heels all day.
5. The students were tired because they (study) __________ for the exam all day.
6. Before he came to visit, she (clean) __________ the house for hours.
7. How long (wait) __________ you before the train arrived?
8. They were hungry because they (work) __________ in the field since morning.
9. By the time the concert started, the musicians (rehearse) __________ for weeks.
10. She (learn) __________ how to play the guitar for six months before she joined the band.
Đáp án:
1. When I met him, he had been talking on the phone for hours.
2. Before the accident happened, the driver had been driving without a break.
3. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone had been dancing all night.
4. She couldn’t walk properly because she had been wearing high heels all day.
5. The students were tired because they had been studying for the exam all day.
6. Before he came to visit, she had been cleaning the house for hours.
7. How long had you been waiting before the train arrived?
8. They were hungry because they had been working in the field since morning.
9. By the time the concert started, the musicians had been rehearsing for weeks.
10. She had been learning how to play the guitar for six months before she joined the band.
Bài 10: Tìm lỗi sai trong các câu sau (nếu có) rồi sửa
1. Mary had been studying at the university for three years before she graduated.
→ ……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. By the time we got to the cinema, the movie started.
→ ……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. They have been waiting for the bus when it finally arrived.
→ ……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. I had been knowing him since we were kids.
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The children were playing in the park all afternoon yesterday.
→ ……………………………………………………………………………………………
Đáp án:
1. Mary had been studying at university for three years before she graduated
2. By the time we got to the cinema, the movie had started.
3. They had been waiting for the bus when it finally arrived.
4. I have known him since we were kids.
5. Không có lỗi.
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